“Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials
The main goals we pursued during the accelerator design and development were to develop a compact self-shielded device for flexible materials irradiation in one pass which might be installed by a Customer into common industrial premises not equipped with any lifting devices. These goals were success...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
1999
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| Series: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Cite this: | “Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials / D.S. Valtman, A.S. Ivanov, E.K. Nikiforov, V.P. Ovchinnickov, M.P. Svinin, N.G. Tolstun // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 16-18. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-811382025-02-10T00:09:08Z “Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials Bысоковольтный ускоритель «Электрон-10» для двустороннего облучения гибких материалов Valtman, D.S. Ivanov, A.S. Nikiforov, E.K. Ovchinnickov, V.P. Svinin, M.P. Tolstun, N.G. The main goals we pursued during the accelerator design and development were to develop a compact self-shielded device for flexible materials irradiation in one pass which might be installed by a Customer into common industrial premises not equipped with any lifting devices. These goals were successfully achieved in the “Electron-10” accelerator design. 1999 Article “Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials / D.S. Valtman, A.S. Ivanov, E.K. Nikiforov, V.P. Ovchinnickov, M.P. Svinin, N.G. Tolstun // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 16-18. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/81138 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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The main goals we pursued during the accelerator design and development were to develop a compact self-shielded device for flexible materials irradiation in one pass which might be installed by a Customer into common industrial premises not equipped with any lifting devices. These goals were successfully achieved in the “Electron-10” accelerator design. |
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Article |
| author |
Valtman, D.S. Ivanov, A.S. Nikiforov, E.K. Ovchinnickov, V.P. Svinin, M.P. Tolstun, N.G. |
| spellingShingle |
Valtman, D.S. Ivanov, A.S. Nikiforov, E.K. Ovchinnickov, V.P. Svinin, M.P. Tolstun, N.G. “Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Valtman, D.S. Ivanov, A.S. Nikiforov, E.K. Ovchinnickov, V.P. Svinin, M.P. Tolstun, N.G. |
| author_sort |
Valtman, D.S. |
| title |
“Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials |
| title_short |
“Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials |
| title_full |
“Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials |
| title_fullStr |
“Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials |
| title_full_unstemmed |
“Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials |
| title_sort |
“electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/81138 |
| citation_txt |
“Electron-10” higt voltage accselerator for double-sided irradiation of flexible materials / D.S. Valtman, A.S. Ivanov, E.K. Nikiforov, V.P. Ovchinnickov, M.P. Svinin, N.G. Tolstun // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 16-18. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
“ELECTRON-10” HIGH VOLTAGE ACCELERATOR FOR DOUBLE-
SIDED IRRADIATION OF FLEXIBLE MATERIALS
D.S. Valtman, A.S. Ivanov, E.K. Nikiforov, V.P. Ovchinnikov, M.P. Svinin, N.G. Tolstun
Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical apparatus, St. Petersburg, Russia
The main goals we pursued during the
accelerator design and development were to develop a
compact self-shielded device for flexible materials
irradiation in one pass which might be installed by a
Customer into common industrial premises not
equipped with any lifting devices.
These goals were successfully achieved in the
“Electron-10” accelerator design.
Technical parameters of the accelerator are
given in the Table 1.
Table 1
№ Parameter Value
1 Accelerating voltage 500-750 kV
2 Accelerating voltage non-stability during one hour of operation (not counting ripples
with frequency 50 Hz and more), not higher
±5%
3 Beam current range (in the two-window operation mode) 0-70 mA
4 Irradiation zone size in each outlet window 1500×80 mm
5 Non-uniformity of linear beam current in the irradiation zone region on the 50 mm
distance from the outlet window foil, not higher
±5%
6 Non-uniformity of linear beam current density during one hour of operation (from 10%
to max value of the beam current), not higher
±5%
7 Scan frequency along the outlet windows, not less 300 Hz
8 Window to window beam transfer frequency range (regulated) 20-50 Hz
9 Average operation time between prophylactics, not less 200 h
10 Technical use coefficient determined as Ctu=operation time/(operation time +
prophylactics), not less
0,85
11 Ionizing irradiation dose power on the outer surface of the radiation shielding А/kg
(mR/h), не более
1,003×10-10 (1,4)
The accelerator consists of a high voltage
generator, an accelerating structure, and systems
providing beam irradiation field forming, power
supplying and control. Auxiliary equipment and set of
spare parts for at least one year of operation are also
included into accelerator specification. “Electron-10”
accelerator during its training at the institute testing
facility is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
High voltage generator of the accelerator is
built on the base of a single-phase transformer-rectifier,
(Fig. 2, plane view) similar to the accelerators described
in [1, 2], one of its distinctions is a horizontal
orientation of the HV generator and accelerating
structure. Conical primary winding of the HV generator
made from the water-cooled copper pipe is fastened
inside an insulating frame that allowed to minimize
distance between primary and secondary windings of
the transformer-rectifier and thus improve the magnetic
coupling between them.
Fig 2
1 - Primary Winding 7 - Vacuum Pump
2 - Secondary Winding 8 - Vacuum Chamber
3 – High - Pressure Tank 9 - Outlet Window
4 – Electron Source 10 - Turning Magnet
5 –Accelerating Tube 11 - Local Radiation Shielding
6 – Scanning Device
The secondary winding is combined from the
27 rectifying voltage-doubling modules; the module
average DC voltage is 27,5 kV. The modules are placed
on the insulating supporting bar made from organic
glass. Position and form of each coil of the primary
winding has been optimized by numerical simulation of
magnetic and electric field that allowed, firstly, to get
rather homogenous magnetic flux distribution along the
rectifying column and, secondly, to smooth electric
gradient in the surface of coils of the primary winding.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (34), с. 16-18.
16
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Z, сm
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
150 мА83 мА
Axial magnetic flux distribution
Iload=0
Umod/Uaverage
Fig. 3
As a result there are not any gradient screens presented
at the primary winding that simplifies the accelerator
design and improves cooling condition of insulating gas.
DC voltage distribution measured along the rectifying
column under total 75 DC voltage and various load
currents is shown in Fig. 3. As it may be seen from the
dependencies, non-homogeneity of the distribution does
not exceed ±10% in a load current range from 0 to 15
mA that corresponds to 0-150 mA under operating
accelerating voltage of 750 kV.
0.2 0.6 1.0 1.40.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
Window Length, m
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Li
ne
ar
B
ea
m
C
ur
re
nt
D
en
si
ty
1
2
3
Fig. 4
1 – in accelerator with traditional triangular shaped
vacuum chamber
2, 3 – in the windows of the accelerator with beam
forming system with turning magnets
An accelerating tube made by the diffusion welding
method and combined from the four 200 mm long
sections is placed as a cantilever inside the HV
generator and on the same axis with it. Resistive voltage
divider for smooth potential distribution along the tube
and electromagnetic screening rings decreasing the field
value on tens are fastened on the outer side of the tube
electrodes. An electron source with LaB6 emitter has
several thousand hours lifetime.
HV generator and accelerating structure are
placed in the metal 1,8 m3 vessel filled with an
insulating gas (SF6 under 0,8 MPa or mixture of 80% of
SF6 20% of N2 under 1,2 MPa pressure). Gas handling
installation having membrane compressor performs the
insulating gas re-pumping, drying and storage. It is the
optional equipment to be chosen by a Customer.
Electron beam irradiation field forming system
consists of magnetic lens, scanning electromagnets and
two elongated turning constant electromagnets. The
turning magnets due to their electron optic
characteristics provide almost normal angles (90±7°)
between electron trajectories and outlet window foil
plane. In comparison with a typical scheme of beam
scanning in a triangular vacuum chamber where those
angles go up to 30°, beam loses here are sufficiently
lesser but because of the beam 90° turn its size on the
further side of the outlet window increases in 20-25
times and its careful focusing by the magnetic lens in
this point is necessary. Linear beam current distribution
along the windows is shown in Fig. 4. As it may be
seen, the distribution differs very slightly from the
traditional one in the triangular vacuum chamber [1]. To
achieve a homogenous heat load on the foil the beam is
also scanned in the cross direction. Beam scanning as
well as its transfer frequency from window to window is
regulated (see Table 1). Foil in the windows is pressed
by an atmosphere pressure to the ribs of copper water-
cooled flanges. Outlet window has about 90%
transparency for electrons and does not need any air
blowing for the foil cooling thus many times decreasing
ozone and nitrogen oxides generation that simplifies
problems of their neutralization. Processed material
goes through the systems of stainless steel transporting
rolls and is being irradiated consequently from one, and
then from another side (see Fig. 5). Water-cooled plates
capable to receive full beam power are placed on the
inner side of steel-lead local radiation shielding doors,
that is being necessary during the accelerator adjustment
or in the case of the processed material rupture.
Vacuum
Chamber
Electron
Beam
Processed
Material
Fig. 5
Mass production thyristor frequency converter
having 92-93% efficiency is used as a power supply.
Total accelerator electric efficiency (without energy
spent on pumping of the cooling water, that is about
4 m3 per hour) is shown in Fig. 6. Accelerator room has
to be equipped with an evacuating ventilation
corresponding to the sanitary rules.
Control console and two racks are placed in the
accelerator control room. We are planning to equip the
next similar accelerators with an automated control
system on the base of industrial computer that is
developed in our institute recently.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (34), с. 16-18.
16
0 20 40 60 80
Beam Current, mA
0
20
40
60
80
E
ffi
ci
en
cy
, %
Dashed line - 550 keV
Solid one- 750 keV
Fig. 6
There are 3 items of the “Electron-10”
accelerator manufactured till now, two of them intended
for the soft roofing production lines, and third one – for
the foamed polyethylene production.
“Electron-10” installed in the soft roofing
production line at the Ivanovo Rubber Sole Plant is
displayed in Fig. 7. It is seen from the photo that the
accelerator, due to its compactness, looks quite in place
in the production line structure. During four years of
operation it has been used as for the soft roofing
manufacture as for development of some new
technologies. Experience shows that the most serious
problems are caused mainly by the cooling system.
When the cooling water is not clear enough or the
pressure changes sharply and the season temperature
fluctuations occurr, then the accelerator interlock
system sometimes turns off the accelerator. These
problems have been overcome when the autonomous
water-cooling was arranged. Other problems were
connected with rare but serious malfunctions of the
thyristors frequency converter. In our new machines we
are planning to replace it by the IGBT based power
supply.
Double-windowed electron beam irradiation
field shaping system with two elongated turning
magnets has shown its serviceability in the industrial
conditions and did not bring any unusual difficulties to
the line personnel work (foil replacement, re-tuning for
the irradiation field width changing).
Fig. 7.
Experience gained during development of
“Electron-10” accelerators, their testing and running in
the industrial conditions gave necessary data to build
similar to it compact, self-shielded and easy serviceable
accelerators on the energies up to 1,5 MeV and the
beam current up to 100 mA. It should be mentioned that
the accelerator itself might be used as a good
replacement of our “Aurora” type machines, which are
being used in the various industrial lines for many years.
REFERENCES
1. Y.G. Golubenko et al. ELV Electron Accelerators:
the State, Application, Development. Budker Inst.
Preprint 97-7, Novosibirsk, 1997, 30 pp.
2. Akulov et al., “Electron-6” High Voltage
Accelerator, Abstracts of papers of IV all-union
conference on the charged particle accelerators
application, Leningrad, 1988, Oct. 11-13. Moscow,
1988, CNIIATOMINFORM, p. 5.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования. (34), с. 16-18.
18
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