Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation
In this paper the dynamics of the high-current ion beam (HIB), compensated by the electron beam by current density and partly by charge, in the drift gap (DG) of the linear induction accelerator with the collective focusing is studied. We have considered the HIB space charge compensation by thermal...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2014
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| Cite this: | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation / V.I. Karas’, E.A. Kornilov, O.V. Manuilenko, V.P. Tarakanov, O.V. Fedorovskaya // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 6. — С. 104-107. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860063955027755008 |
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| author | Karas, V.I. Kornilov, E.A. Manuilenko, O.V. Tarakanov, V.P. Fedorovskaya, O.V. |
| author_facet | Karas, V.I. Kornilov, E.A. Manuilenko, O.V. Tarakanov, V.P. Fedorovskaya, O.V. |
| citation_txt | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation / V.I. Karas’, E.A. Kornilov, O.V. Manuilenko, V.P. Tarakanov, O.V. Fedorovskaya // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 6. — С. 104-107. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | In this paper the dynamics of the high-current ion beam (HIB), compensated by the electron beam by current density and partly by charge, in the drift gap (DG) of the linear induction accelerator with the collective focusing is studied. We have considered the HIB space charge compensation by thermal electrons, which are held in the DG by a magnetic field, which has mirror configuration. The dynamics of the beams at different variants of HIB space charge compensation has been studied. Found that in the presence of a programmed injection of additional electrons from the right side, the divergence of the HIB is practically absent, and its current at the exit of the DG differs slightly from the initial.
Изучена динамика сильноточного ионного пучка (СИП), компенсируемого электронным пучком по плотности тока и частично по заряду, в дрейфовом промежутке (ДП) линейного индукционного ускорителя с коллективной фокусировкой. Рассмотрена компенсация пространственного заряда СИП тепловыми электронами, которые удерживаются в ДП магнитным полем пробочной конфигурации. Изучена динамика пучков при различных вариантах компенсации пространственного заряда СИП. Установлено, что при наличии программированной инжекции справа дополнительных электронов расходимость СИП практически отсутствует, а его сила тока на выходе из ДП отличается от начальной незначительно.
Вивчена динаміка сильнострумового іонного пучка (СІП), що компенсується електронним пучком за густиною струму та частково за зарядом, у дрейфовому проміжку (ДП) лінійного індукційного прискорювача з колективним фокусуванням. Розглянута компенсація просторового заряду СІП тепловими електронами, які утримуються в ДП магнітним полем пробкової конфігурації. Вивчена динаміка пучків при різних варіантах компенсації просторового заряду СІП. Встановлено, що при наявності програмованої інжекції праворуч додаткових електронів розбіжність СІП практично відсутня, а його сила струму на виході з ДП відрізняється від початкової несуттєво.
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94)
104 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2014, №6. Series: Plasma Physics (20), p. 104-107.
DYNAMICS OF HIGH-CURRENT ION BEAM IN THE DRIFT GAP OF
INDUCTION ACCELERATOR AT DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF CHARGE
COMPENSATION
V.I. Karas’
1,2
, E.A. Kornilov
1
, O.V. Manuilenko
1
, V.P. Tarakanov
3,4
, O.V. Fedorovskaya
1
1
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine;
2
V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
3
Joint Institute of High Temperatures of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation;
4
National Research Nuclear University „MEPhI“, Moscow, Russian Federation;
E-mail: karas@kipt.kharkov.ua
In this paper the dynamics of the high-current ion beam (HIB), compensated by the electron beam by current
density and partly by charge, in the drift gap (DG) of the linear induction accelerator with the collective focusing is
studied. We have considered the HIB space charge compensation by thermal electrons, which are held in the DG by
a magnetic field, which has mirror configuration. The dynamics of the beams at different variants of HIB space
charge compensation has been studied. Found that in the presence of a programmed injection of additional electrons
from the right side, the divergence of the HIB is practically absent, and its current at the exit of the DG differs
slightly from the initial.
PACS: 41.75.-i, 52.40.Mj, 52.58.Hm, 52.59.-f, 52.65.Rr
INTRODUCTION
It is known that linear induction accelerators (LIA)
can be used in different industries. Besides, high-current
ion beams for heavy-ion nuclear fusion (HIF) can be
obtained in LIA.
The method of collective focusing of a high-current
tubular ion beam proposed at the National Science Cen-
ter Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology [1, 2]
allows constructing a compact accelerator that can be
used as: an efficient driver for HIF and also as device
for surface modification of various materials, for exam-
ple, in the radiation materials technology and other sci-
entific research.
The mechanism of space charge and current com-
pensation of the ion beam by an electron beam in the
axisymmetric accelerating gap was investigated in [3-5].
The acceleration of a high-current compensated ion
beam (CIB) in two cusps was studied in [5]. It is shown
that the injection of thermal electrons (TE) in the drift
gaps allows compensating charge of the ion beam,
providing the high quality of the CIB.
Earlier it was shown that in the drift gap of LIA with
a collective focusing, filament instability of compensat-
ing electron beam with a current density of 9 MA/m
2
develops. It is found, that the external longitudinal mag-
netic field exerts a stabilizing effect on the thermal elec-
trons, compensating HIB, so that the ion beam at the
exit of LIA becomes more monoenergetic and its cross
section decreases [6].
In this paper we numerically have studied the dynam-
ics of particles in the DG with an external magnetic field
of the mirror configuration. The ion beam compensation
by current is performed by the electron beam. In experi-
mental LIA electron beam can be obtained using a field
emission (FE), whereby the beam is not uniform, since it
goes from the surface of cathode by streams [7]. In this
paper, it is assumed that in the experimental LIA, FE
method will be used, so injection of the electron beam is
performed by trickles.
It is shown that the proposed variants of compensa-
tion allow compensating the ion beam by charge more
effectively, leading to conservation of HIB basic parame-
ters (of quality).
It is shown that in the case of planned injection of ad-
ditional electrons (AE) the ion beam current at the DG
exit is almost equal to initial, and the CIB is
monoenergetic.
THE SIMULATION RESULTS
For the numerical study of beams transportation
dynamics a powerful 3-dimensional code KARAT [8],
allowing solving problems of such class, was used.
KARAT is fully electromagnetic code based on PiC-
method (Particle-in-Cell). It designed for solving of
nonstationary electrodynamics problems with complex
geometry and including dynamics, in general, relativ-
istic particles (electrons, ions, neutrals).
On Figs. 1,a and 1,b dashed line shows the cross sec-
tion through the DG middle along the longitudinal coor-
dinate z (x1 and x2, x3 and x4 - internal and external di-
mensions of the beams, respectively).
The gray color shows the presence at the initial
time in this area of the DG thermal electrons with a den-
sity npe = 5∙10
17
m
-3
(Fig. 1,a), npe = 1.3∙10
18
m
-3
(see
Fig. 1,b) and a temperature of 20 keV in all cases.
Fig. 1,c shows a cross sectional view of the drift gap
having a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 0.2 m
(transverse dimension of the computational region) and
a length of 0.4 m (longitudinal dimension of the DG).
Three points, shown on Fig. 1,c, are reference points
that are selected to illustrate the various characteristics
of the problem in the initial area of the beams and TE
location.
At the initial time the ion beam with density
nbi = 6.9∙10
17
m
-3
and speed Vbi = 0.27 c and the electron
beam (compensating HIB current) with the density nbe =
mailto:karas@kipt.kharkov.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94) 105
1.9∙10
17
m
-3
and the speed Vbe = 0.98 c, where c - speed
of light, are injected from left side. Initial current of two
beams is ≈ 51.5 kA. External magnetic field is set by
coils so that on edges of the drift gap, magnetic induc-
tion was twice higher than in the center of the system.
Magnetic induction of the external field in the center of
the drift gap B0 = 0.96 T (Fig. 2).
Have been considered the following variants of
charge compensation: 1) the DG has TE, particle densi-
ty of which sufficient for the ion beam compensation
(see Figs. 1,a); 2) there are TE in the beginning of the
DG, after 0.5 time of ion flight τ the AE injection is
realized from right side, their injection stops after 0.5 τ
(see Figs. 1,b); 3) there are TE in the beginning of the
DG, after τ the AE injection is realized from right side
with the velocity 0.27 c (see Figs. 1,b); 4) there are TE
in the beginning of the DG, after τ the AE injection is
realized from right side with the velocity 0.5 c (see
Fig. 1,b).
Fig. 1. Section by the plane xz of the drift gap center along z (a) and (b). Cross-section of the drift gap (c).
1 – point coordinates: xa = 0.043 m, ya = 0.119 m, za = 0.05 m; 2 – point coordinates: xb = 0.051 m, yb = 0.114
m; zb = 0.2 m; 3 – point coordinates: xc = 0.059 m, yc = 0.109 m, zc = 0.35 m
Fig. 2. The dependence of the external longitudinal
magnetic field on the longitudinal coordinate z
at different points x, y
Because of the substantial space charge, majority of
the existing at the initial time TE leave the DG during 2
τ, weakening charge compensation of the CIB, injected
in this region. That’s why the ion beam transverse di-
mensions increase, and the current substantially de-
creases at the DG exit (Fig. 3,b). At that the electron
beam current at the output of the DG is almost equal to
the initial (Fig. 3,a).
Chosen configuration and the magnitude of the
magnetic induction (see Fig. 2) allow to slow down the
dispersion of thermal electrons, however, after time τ
their density decreases by more than five times. For an
acceptable degree of CIB compensation, the injection of
additional electrons is required, what was performed in
the following three (2-4 above) variants of the compen-
sation calculations.
In the second variant of the charge compensation in
the initial time TE with density of 1.3∙10
18
m
-3
are in
beginning of DG, that leads to slowing down losses of
particles (see Fig. 1,b), and after 0.5 τ additional elec-
trons are injected from the right side with the current
equal to the CIB current and the speed of 0.5 c. That is,
in the second half of the DG the ion beam meets with
AE, which leads to CIB partial focusing by means im-
proving of charge compensation.
But since part of the AE are accelerated by its own
space charge and flies through the right boundary, and
part is reflected by space charge of the electron beam,
moving toward them, the number of particles is small
for the HIB compensation during the next τ. Therefore,
at the time instant 2 τ CIB spreads in the transverse
direction and its current substantially reduces to about
32 kA (see Fig. 3,d). At such way of charge compensa-
tion the quality of the ion beam after 2 τ slightly differs
from case, when the AE injection is absent, in particu-
lar, the magnitudes of ion currents close to each other
(see Figs. 3,b,d). Though, it should be noted, that at this
method the ion current decreases even more than at the
first. Decrease in the electron beam current at the output
of the DG is small (see Figs. 3,a,c).
Third charge compensation way differs from the se-
cond by the injection speed, which is equal to 0.27 c, by
timing switching and duration of injection. After the
first τ the AE continuous injection is performed, which
after two τ leads to a narrowing of the HIB transverse
dimensions at the exit of DG. In turn, the current
strength of the ion beam not only decreases, but also
slightly higher the injection current at the output of the
system (see Fig. 3,f). In this case, the HIB has parame-
ters, close to initial and is practically compensated on
the current (see Figs. 3,e,f).
The fourth method of compensation differs from the
third by the AE injection velocity, which is 0.5 c. In the
third variant the AE density at the beginning and the
middle of the DG less than in the end of the system be-
cause of a large negative space charge, hindering their
passage. Therefore, in the fourth variant greater value of
particle velocity has been selected. This gives the AE
106 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94)
opportunity to go through the DG with higher density
and, consequently, to a greater extent compensate the
HIB. After two τ ion beam towards the end of the DG
has a noticeable maximum of the current, which reaches
≈ 55 kA and the related with HIB non-uniform compen-
sation (see Fig. 3,h). At the exit of DG HIB is compen-
sated on the current (see Figs. 3,g,h).
For all four cases the HIB charge compensation has
been realized, but the first two methods have appeared
ineffective. The last two variants of the charge compen-
sation showed, that the HIB parameters do not change
substantially at the exit of the system, but the compensa-
tion of the ion beam is non-uniform, which leads to cur-
rent change along the DG.
Fig. 3. The dependence of the electron beam (left column) and ion beam (right column) longitudinal current on the
longitudinal coordinate z after 2 τ. (а, b) – AE injection is absent; (c, d) – after 0.5 from right side AE are injected
during 0.5 ; (e, f) – after from right side AE are injected with velocity 0.27 с; (g, h) – after from right side AE are
injected with velocity 0.5 с
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94) 107
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper we have studied the dynamics of the
ion beam transporting in an external magnetic field in
the drift gap of LIA. Found, that the electron beam in-
jection, non-uniform along the radius, has no significant
effect on the dynamics of the beams.
The four variants of the HIB charge compensation
have been considered. It is shown, that the selected
magnitude and configuration of the magnetic field, us-
ing the AE planned injection, allows keeping the CIB
quality high enough. Found that thermal electrons, ex-
isting at the initial time in the DG, are sufficient for HIB
compensation practically during one τ, and only then the
injection of AE is required. At the same time, the ion
beam current is close to the initial at the exit of the DG,
and, since the electron beam also retains his current, the
HIB compensation by current at the exit of the DG been
performed. This is important for the effective accelera-
tion of the ion beam in the accelerating gap, where the
beams come from the DG of LIA. Moreover, the ion
beam stays monoenergetic and retains its transverse
dimensions at the exit of the DG.
Thus, the CIB parameters at the exit of LIA DG in
the presence of the magnetic field and optimal methods
of charge compensation satisfy the requirements to the
driver beam in HIF. Such the HIB may also be used for
some other technological goals.
REFERENCES
1. V.I. Karas', V.V. Mukhin, A.M. Naboka. About com-
pensated ion acceleration in magnetoisolated systems //
Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 1987, v. 13, № 4, p. 281-283.
2. V. Batishchev, V.I. Golota, V.I. Karas', et al. Linear
induction accelerator of charge-compensated ion beams
for ICF // Plasma Phys. Rep.1993, v. 19, № 5, p. 611-
646.
3. N.G. Belova, V.I. Karas', Yu.S. Sigov. Numerical
simulation of charged particle beam dynamics in axial
symmetric magnetic field // Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 1990,
v. 16, № 2, p. 115-121.
4. N.G. Belova, V.I. Karas'. Optimization of acceleration
and charge neutralization of a high-current ion beam in
two accelerating gaps of a linear induction accelerator //
Plasma Phys. Rep. 1995, v. 21, № 12, p. 1005-1013.
5. V.I. Karas', N.G. Belova. Acceleration and stability
of high-current ion beams in two accelerating gaps of a
linear induction accelerator // Plasma Phys. Rep. 1997,
v. 23, № 4, p. 328-331.
6. V.I. Karas', O.V. Manuilenko, V.P. Tarakanov, and
O.V. Federovskaya. Acceleration and stability of a high-
current ion beam in induction fields // Plasma Phys.
Rep. 2013, v. 39, № 3, p. 209-225.
7. G.А. Меsyats. Ektons. Part 1. Еkaterenburg: USF
″Нauka″, 1993, p. 3-19.
8. V.P. Tarakаnov. User’s Manual for Code KARAT //
Springfield VA: Berkley Research Associates Inc.1992,
p. 137.
Article received 18.09.2014
ДИНАМИКА СИЛЬНОТОЧНОГО ИОННОГО ПУЧКА В ДРЕЙФОВОМ ПРОМЕЖУТКЕ ИНДУК-
ЦИОННОГО УСКОРИТЕЛЯ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВАРИАНТАХ ЗАРЯДОВОЙ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ
В.И. Карась, Е.А. Корнилов, О.В. Мануйленко, В.П. Тараканов, О.В. Федоровская
Изучена динамика сильноточного ионного пучка (СИП), компенсируемого электронным пучком по плот-
ности тока и частично по заряду, в дрейфовом промежутке (ДП) линейного индукционного ускорителя с
коллективной фокусировкой. Рассмотрена компенсация пространственного заряда СИП тепловыми элек-
тронами, которые удерживаются в ДП магнитным полем пробочной конфигурации. Изучена динамика пуч-
ков при различных вариантах компенсации пространственного заряда СИП. Установлено, что при наличии
программированной инжекции справа дополнительных электронов расходимость СИП практически отсут-
ствует, а его сила тока на выходе из ДП отличается от начальной незначительно.
ДИНАМІКА СИЛЬНОСТРУМОВОГО ІОННОГО ПУЧКА В ДРЕЙФОВОМУ ПРОМІЖКУ ІНДУК-
ЦІЙНОГО ПРИСКОРЮВАЧА ПРИ РІЗНИХ ВАРІАНТАХ ЗАРЯДОВОЇ КОМПЕНСАЦІЇ
В.І. Карась, Є.О. Корнілов, О.В. Мануйленко, В.П. Тараканов, О.В. Федорівська
Вивчена динаміка сильнострумового іонного пучка (СІП), що компенсується електронним пучком за гус-
тиною струму та частково за зарядом, у дрейфовому проміжку (ДП) лінійного індукційного прискорювача з
колективним фокусуванням. Розглянута компенсація просторового заряду СІП тепловими електронами, які
утримуються в ДП магнітним полем пробкової конфігурації. Вивчена динаміка пучків при різних варіантах
компенсації просторового заряду СІП. Встановлено, що при наявності програмованої інжекції праворуч до-
даткових електронів розбіжність СІП практично відсутня, а його сила струму на виході з ДП відрізняється
від початкової несуттєво.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-81208 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:06:23Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Karas, V.I. Kornilov, E.A. Manuilenko, O.V. Tarakanov, V.P. Fedorovskaya, O.V. 2015-05-13T16:02:49Z 2015-05-13T16:02:49Z 2014 Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation / V.I. Karas’, E.A. Kornilov, O.V. Manuilenko, V.P. Tarakanov, O.V. Fedorovskaya // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 6. — С. 104-107. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 41.75.-i, 52.40.Mj, 52.58.Hm, 52.59.-f, 52.65.Rr https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/81208 In this paper the dynamics of the high-current ion beam (HIB), compensated by the electron beam by current density and partly by charge, in the drift gap (DG) of the linear induction accelerator with the collective focusing is studied. We have considered the HIB space charge compensation by thermal electrons, which are held in the DG by a magnetic field, which has mirror configuration. The dynamics of the beams at different variants of HIB space charge compensation has been studied. Found that in the presence of a programmed injection of additional electrons from the right side, the divergence of the HIB is practically absent, and its current at the exit of the DG differs slightly from the initial. Изучена динамика сильноточного ионного пучка (СИП), компенсируемого электронным пучком по плотности тока и частично по заряду, в дрейфовом промежутке (ДП) линейного индукционного ускорителя с коллективной фокусировкой. Рассмотрена компенсация пространственного заряда СИП тепловыми электронами, которые удерживаются в ДП магнитным полем пробочной конфигурации. Изучена динамика пучков при различных вариантах компенсации пространственного заряда СИП. Установлено, что при наличии программированной инжекции справа дополнительных электронов расходимость СИП практически отсутствует, а его сила тока на выходе из ДП отличается от начальной незначительно. Вивчена динаміка сильнострумового іонного пучка (СІП), що компенсується електронним пучком за густиною струму та частково за зарядом, у дрейфовому проміжку (ДП) лінійного індукційного прискорювача з колективним фокусуванням. Розглянута компенсація просторового заряду СІП тепловими електронами, які утримуються в ДП магнітним полем пробкової конфігурації. Вивчена динаміка пучків при різних варіантах компенсації просторового заряду СІП. Встановлено, що при наявності програмованої інжекції праворуч додаткових електронів розбіжність СІП практично відсутня, а його сила струму на виході з ДП відрізняється від початкової несуттєво. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Плазменная электроника Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation Динамика сильноточного ионного пучка в дрейфовом промежутке индукционного ускорителя при различных вариантах зарядовой компенсации Динаміка сильнострумового іонного пучка в дрейфовому проміжку індукційного прискорювача при різних варіантах зарядової компенсації Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation Karas, V.I. Kornilov, E.A. Manuilenko, O.V. Tarakanov, V.P. Fedorovskaya, O.V. Плазменная электроника |
| title | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation |
| title_alt | Динамика сильноточного ионного пучка в дрейфовом промежутке индукционного ускорителя при различных вариантах зарядовой компенсации Динаміка сильнострумового іонного пучка в дрейфовому проміжку індукційного прискорювача при різних варіантах зарядової компенсації |
| title_full | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation |
| title_short | Dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation |
| title_sort | dynamics of high-current ion beam in the drift gap of induction accelerator at different variants of charge compensation |
| topic | Плазменная электроника |
| topic_facet | Плазменная электроника |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/81208 |
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