Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC
Multicharged ion linear accelerator (MILAC) can be used for effective radionuclide production at NSC KIPT.
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| Zitieren: | Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC / V.A. Bomko, N.P. Diky, A.P. Kobets, Yu.P. Mazalov, Z.E. Ptukhina, B.I. Rudjak, V.M. Sanin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 4. — С. 20-21. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Bomko, V.A. Diky, N.P. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Ptukhina, Z.E. Rudjak, B.I. Sanin, V.M. 2015-05-17T16:17:52Z 2015-05-17T16:17:52Z 1999 Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC / V.A. Bomko, N.P. Diky, A.P. Kobets, Yu.P. Mazalov, Z.E. Ptukhina, B.I. Rudjak, V.M. Sanin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 4. — С. 20-21. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/81516 Multicharged ion linear accelerator (MILAC) can be used for effective radionuclide production at NSC KIPT. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC Ускорение интенсивных пучков легких ионов на ЛУМЗИ Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| title |
Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC |
| spellingShingle |
Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC Bomko, V.A. Diky, N.P. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Ptukhina, Z.E. Rudjak, B.I. Sanin, V.M. |
| title_short |
Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC |
| title_full |
Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC |
| title_fullStr |
Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC |
| title_sort |
accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the milac |
| author |
Bomko, V.A. Diky, N.P. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Ptukhina, Z.E. Rudjak, B.I. Sanin, V.M. |
| author_facet |
Bomko, V.A. Diky, N.P. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Ptukhina, Z.E. Rudjak, B.I. Sanin, V.M. |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Ускорение интенсивных пучков легких ионов на ЛУМЗИ |
| description |
Multicharged ion linear accelerator (MILAC) can be used for effective radionuclide production at NSC KIPT.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/81516 |
| citation_txt |
Accelerating of intense beams of light ions at the MILAC / V.A. Bomko, N.P. Diky, A.P. Kobets, Yu.P. Mazalov, Z.E. Ptukhina, B.I. Rudjak, V.M. Sanin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 4. — С. 20-21. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-24T03:46:59Z |
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2025-11-24T03:46:59Z |
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| fulltext |
ACCELERATING OF INTENSE BEAMS OF LIGHT IONS AT THE
MILAC
V.A.Bomko, N.P.Diky, A.P.Kobets, Yu.P.Mazalov, Z.E.Ptukhina, B.I.Rudjak, V.M.Sanin
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
Multicharged ion linear accelerator (MILAC)
can be used for effective radionuclide production at
NSC KIPT. Currently it is used at short time due to
financial difficulties. Basic characteristics of the
MILAC are given in Table 1 [1, 2].
Table 1
Parameters of the MILAC
PO
S-
15
PO
S-
4
main
secti
on
Input energy of ions, keV/u 33.3 18.
75
975
Output energy of ions, keV/u 975 97
5
8500
Mass-to-charge ratio, A/q 15 4 5
Operating frequency, MHz 47.2 47.
2
47.2
Electric field in gaps, MV/m 91 90 93
Length of accelerating structure, m 4.0 1.2 11.2
Number of drift tubes 46 14 40
Aperture of drift tubes, mm 15-
24
16-
28
30
Synchr. phase of the bunching regions, deg. -16 -40 -30
Synchr. phase of the focusing regions, deg. 45
Number of bunching regions 4
Number of focusing regions 3
Acceleration rate, MeV/m 3.5 3 3.3
Longitudinal capture, deg. 48 12
0
90
Longitudinal acceptance, π⋅(keV/u)mrad 24
40
Radial acceptance, mm.mrad 31
00
Normalized radial acceptance, π.mm.mrad 2.4
Duty factor % 0.1 2.5 0.1
Pulse RF power kW 400 24
00
300
This accelerator contains two parts: prestripping
section (PSS), poststripping main section (MS) designed
for energy 0.975 MeV/u and 8.5 MeV/u, respectively.
General view of the MILAC is shown in Fig.1.
Fig.1. General view of the MILAC.
Effective production of radionuclides can be
established in NSC KIPT on the basis of the existing
8.5 MeV/u heavy ion accelerator. For this purpose its
upgrading is necessary. Existing prestripper of the linear
accelerator of multi-charged ions (MILAC) is designed
for accelerating heavy ions with a mass-to-charge ratio
A/q≤15. At the same time, it can not accelerate very
light ions (p, d, 3He, 4He). Therefore, a new small cavity
for only accelerating of these particles from the energy
of 37.5 keV/n to the energy of 1MeV/u is designed for
the average beam current to 1mA might be built next to
the existing prestripper. Such beam (after stripping of
4He+ to 4He2+) will be admitted to the existing
poststripper by the parallel shift, and will be accelerated
to 8.5 MeV/u. Hence, there are no principle limitations
for acceleration of protons to the total energy of 8.5
MeV/u, deuterons to 17 MeV, 3He to 26 MeV and 4He
to 34 MeV. At the same time, decrease of designed for
prestripper A/q from 5 to 1 (for protons) or 2 (for
deuterium and helium) will allow the poststripper
operation in the facilitated mode of RF-power.
Currently, for proton acceleration the energy
consumption will be 25 times less, and for deuterium
and helium 6.25 times less than the RF-power present
level. This will allow to increase considrably the duty
factor (pulse frequency and length) that will provide a
possibility to obtain average proton beam currents up to
1 mA, and for deuterium and helium ions - close to
0.5mA. Such intensity is not achieved at any known
accelerator operating for the radionuclide production.
In nowadays nuclear medicine used are more
than 50 radionuclides with the half-life from several
minutes to several years obtained at accelerators for
research, diagnostics and treatment. Among them there
are ultra short-lived isotopes 11Ñ, 13N, 15O, 18F, some of
gamma-emitter 123I, 211Tl, 67Ga, 111In, radionuclide
generator 81Rb/81mKr, 82Sr/82Rb, 99Mo/99mTc and others.
The 99Mo can be obtained both at reactors, and at
accelerators. Among the most promising there are 26Al,
52Fe, 67Cu, 75,77Br, 97Ru, 211At, 237Pu and others. At
various nuclear centers the programs of production of
radionuclides on basis of accelerators are developed.
Information about accelerators set at different
centers, their parameters, and consumption for
radionyclides producing is available from transactions
of international conferences on application of
accelerators [3,4,5]. The recent data analysis shows that
the feasibility of accelerators for applied problems
continually increases.
The basis of commercial production of
radionuclides over a wide range is cyclotrons of two
types; baby cyclotrons (E≤20 MeV) and high-intensity
compact cyclotron (E≤42 MeV). The ntensity of
accelerated ion beam of protons, deuterons or alpha-
particles is close to 200 µA. The electrostatic
accelerator of protons and deuterons with energy of
3.7 MeV and current of 750 µA designed in USA for
ultra short-lived radionuclides obtaining in curie
amounts is known too.[6].
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. № 4.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (35), с. 20-22.
20
The radionuclides are need in the Ukraine to
perform diagnostics and treatment of oncologic
diseases. At the present time a rise of the thyroid gland
and blood cancer rate, especially in children, is
observed. There are 27 oncologic departments in 27
region hospitals. Besides, there are 27 special-purpose
oncologic hospitals. As one can see, the need in
radionuclides for diagnostics and treatment is great. At
the present time the Ukraine only purchases the 131I
nuclide. There is not production of radionuclides in the
Ukraine, though it is planned to obtain them at the
cyclotrons U-120 and U-340 at the Institute of Nuclear
Research (Kyiv). The cyclotrons are not operating now
because of the financial problems. Even in the case of
their putting into operation the cyclotrons won’t be able
to serve the demand of the Ukraine in the radionuclides.
Now at the NSC KIPT the production of
radionuclides based on photonuclear reactions is
established. The electron accelerator for the energy in
the range of 30-40MeV is used for this purpose.
However, the cross-section of nuclear reactions for light
incident ions is considerably lower than that of heavy
particles.
Some modernization of MILAC heavy ion
accelerator will give a possibility to produce a large
number of radionuclides for medicine.
Most of them will be obtained with 4Iå ion beam
which intensity at the output of the MILAC will be
equal 0.5 mA. The total ion energy being 34 MeV, the
considerable beam current and the highest reaction
section for these particles will give a possibility to
obtain radionuclides in Curie amounts.
At present, 99mTc is of the greatest commercial
interest. It is produced mainly by irradiation of 98Mo
target with thermal neutrons at the reactor with
subsequent β-decay with half-life period 65hours. At the
same time, 99mTc has relatively small half-life period
(about 6 hours) with γ-irradiation. 99mTc can be
produced also with the use of protons accelerated to 15
MeV from the 10Mo(p, 2n) 99mTc.
103Pd is most generally used in nuclear medicine.
It is produced at accelerators from the 100Ru(α, n) 103Pd
reaction where the α-particle energy is 15-20MeV. The
cost of 1µCi is $8. With the beam current 100µA yield
of 103Pd will be 1Ci is obtained in 16 hour exposition.
201Tl is of the particular interest due to γ-
irradiator using for cardiac diagnostics. It is produced
from 203Hg(p, 3n)201Tl reaction with proton energy 22-30
MeV. The half-life time is 73 hours. In addition to
mentioned above radionuclides 67Ga, 81mCr, 89Sr, 138Xe,
131I, 123I, 125I and 198Au and several super short-lived
radionuclides are extensively used at the positron
emission tomograph, 11C, 13N, 15O, and, in particular, 18F
are of the commercial interest. Due to the short life-time
they can be used for diagnostics of diseases in the
immediate vicinity of the accelerator.
Among the most promising radionuclides, which
would be produced at the MILAC are 58mCo, 103mRu,
119Sb, 161Ho, 189mOs, 90Y, 111In. Their transition to the
ground level occurs due to e-capture with radiation of
low-energy Auger-electrons. When introduced to
malignant cells this radionuclide causes their destruction
without damaging nearby Development of a new
prestripping section (PSS-4) capable to accelerate light
ions with the beam current of 0.5-1 mA is not a
complicated problem in principle. The RF-power supply
system available at the MILAC accelerator is capable to
provide the beam duty-factor of 2.5%. The pulse current
of 20-40 mA may be achieved with the use of the
principle of alternating–phase focusing with the beam
moving center. This principle is outlined in [7, 8].
Calculations of the accelerating structure of the PSS-4
and beam dynamics were fulfilled. Parameters of the
accelerating structure are given in the Table. In the
course of optimization of the radial-phase stability in the
accelerating structure of the interdigital type excited at
H111-wave a version of an accelerator being cheap,
simple in construction and adequate in power demands
was developed.
The PSS-4 accelerating structure is designed for
acceleration of ions with A/q ratio =4 from 18.75 to 975
keV/n. The operating frequency is 47.25 Hz, as in the
main section. The length of accelerating structure is
about 1.2m for the field 9MeV/m in the gaps between
drift tubes. In the cavity of 100 cm in diameter there are
17 drift tubes mounted on rods with interdigital
configuration. Four bunching and three focusing
sections provide the normalized radial acceptance of
2π.mm.mrad and longitudinal beam capture of 120o.
The separatrix and bunch phase picture at the
PSS-4 output is given in Fig.2 and 3, respectively.
Radial trajectories of particles with input parameters
(r = 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm, r´ = 6, -3, 0, +3 and +6 mrad)
along bunching and focusing sections are given in Fig.4,
and the total radial acceptance of PSS-4 is given in
Fig.5. The obtained radial and phase characteristics of
the beam at the PSS-4 output provides a possibility to
capture it to strong-focusing channel of the main
MILAC section.
Fig.2 The separatrix of the PSS-4.
Fig.3. Bunch phase picture at the PSS-4 output.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. № 4.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (35), с. 20-22.
20
ϕo
Fig.4. Radial trajectories of particles along
bunching and focusing regionsPSS-4.
mm
mrad
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
54 0 0 0 0
48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-54 0 0 0 0 0
Fig.5. Radial acceptance of PSS-4.
REFERENCES
1. V.A.Bomko, A.F.Kobetz, Ju.P.Mazalov, B.I.Rudyak.
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1998, v.69, N 10,
p.3537-3540.
2. V.A.Bomko et al. Nuclear Ionstrumrnts and Methods
in Phys. Res., A 406, (1998) 1-5.
3. Nuclear Ionstrumrnts and Methods in Phys. Res., B
79, (1993).
4. Nuclear Ionstrumrnts and Methods in Ohys. Res., B
139, (1998).
5. 5th, 1993, NJ Proceed/ 1994, BNL -61149.
6. 4th, 1991, International Workshops in Targetry and
Target Chemistry Proceed. Villigen, Switzerland,
1192.
7. V.A.Bomko, Yu.P.Mazalov, Yu.V.Meleshkova. 15
Soveshch. po Uskoritelyam Zaryazenych Chastits,
Protvino,1996, v.2, P.50.
8. V.A.Bomko, Yu.P.Mazalov, Yu.V.Meleshkova, 16
Soveshch. po Uskoritelyam Zaryazenych Chastits,
Protvino,1998, v.2, P.123.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. № 4.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (35), с. 22-23.
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