Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall
Optical properties of plasma-liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall and secondary discharge were investigated. We used ethanol as experimental liquid, argon and air – as initiating gas.The emission spectra of plasma discharge in such system were analyzed. Also, we traced ch...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Дата: | 2006 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2006
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| Цитувати: | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall / Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, V.V. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, N.V. Dudnyk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 6. — С. 216-218. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859725720084807680 |
|---|---|
| author | Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, V.V. Dudnyk, N.V. |
| author_facet | Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, V.V. Dudnyk, N.V. |
| citation_txt | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall / Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, V.V. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, N.V. Dudnyk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 6. — С. 216-218. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Optical properties of plasma-liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall and secondary discharge
were investigated. We used ethanol as experimental liquid, argon and air – as initiating gas.The emission spectra of
plasma discharge in such system were analyzed. Also, we traced change of absorption coefficients in treated liquids. An
availability nanoparticle of liquid hydrocarbons in different type of plasma-liquid systems was considered.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-01T11:20:42Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
216 Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2006, 6. Series: Plasma Physics (12), p. 216-218
OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SOME APPLICATIONS
OF PLASMA–LIQUID SYSTEM WITH DISCHARGE
IN THE GAS CANAL WITH LIQUID WALL
Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, V.V. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, N.V. Dudnyk
Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Faculty of Radiophysics,
Dept. of Physical Electronics, Glushkova str. 6, 03127, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: tin@univ.kiev.ua
Optical properties of plasma-liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall and secondary discharge
were investigated. We used ethanol as experimental liquid, argon and air – as initiating gas.The emission spectra of
plasma discharge in such system were analyzed. Also, we traced change of absorption coefficients in treated liquids. An
availability nanoparticle of liquid hydrocarbons in different type of plasma-liquid systems was considered.
PACS: 52.77.-j
1. INTRODUCTION
Heterophase plasma-liquid systems based on electrical
discharges are of great interest today. Plasma is the source
of highly active particles, which are injected through the
plasma-liquid boundary into the solution and stimulate
chemical transformations there. Typical plasma
generators in such systems are electrical discharges with
one or two electrodes immersed into the liquid.
The main peculiarity of plasma-liquid systems is an
intensive molecule flow from free liquid surface into the
discharge volume, which appears because of the
evaporation and because of the producing of gaseous
products of plasmachemical processes. Therefore plasma
generation in such systems occurs under pressure near
saturated vapor pressure and higher, when the ionization
instability occurs in gas-discharge plasma. Secondary
discharges in gas-liquid systems are of great interest.
Using of auxiliary discharge inhibits development of the
ionization instability in plasma of the secondary
discharge, provides high uniformity of parameters on the
plasma-liquid boundary and increases a number of
external parameters of influencing on the plasma-liquid
interaction in real plasmachemical process.
Secondary DC discharge supported by electrical
discharge in gas channel with liquid wall in this work.
The main feature of such type of the discharge is large
ratio of the square of plasma-liquid contact to plasma
volume.
Recently, electrical discharge technique in liquid
media has been shown to be a quite simple and
inexpensive tool for a synthesis of nanostructures of
different materials [1]. Thus, carbon nanoparticles with
onion-like structure were synthesized by using a pulsed
arc discharge submerged in ethanol. An arc discharge
plasma method in hydrocarbon solvents (cyclohexane and
toluene) was developed for the purpose of forming tube-
like nanocarbons. Amorphous carbon nanoparticles and
encapsulated metal nanoparticles were synthesized in
liquid benzene by an electrical plasma discharge.
The technique of electrical discharge in liquids offers
several advantages because there are no needs in large-
scale vacuum system (the discharges are performed at
atmospheric pressure). Nevertheless, the underlying
mechanisms of nanoparticles formation in electrical
discharges submerged in liquids have not been completely
understood. It should be noted that the carbon
nanoparticle-forming material can be supplied by the
electrodes as well as in result of the organic liquid
decomposition. To meet specific demand of desired
applications a controlled production of nanoparticles with
a given size, structure, and composition is required [2].
In the present work, an availability nanoparticle of
liquid hydrocarbons in different type of plasma-liquid
systems with noncarbon electrodes was considered.
2. EXPERIMENTAL
The plasma-chemical reactor (Fig. 1) consisted of the
vertical cylindrical quartz test-tube supplied by two glass
inlet gas pipes (4) with coaxial electrodes (1, 2). The test-
tube had a drain pipe at the bottom and an exhaust pipe at
the top.
Fig.1. Plasma-liquid system with secondary discharge
supported by electrical discharge in gas canal with liquid
wall
The reactor was filled by the work solution; the gas
entered into the reactor through the inlet pipes. It formed
a counter-flow gas channel with a surrounding liquid wall
in the volume between the immersed electrodes (gap
~5 mm) where an electrical breakdown occurred. The gas
discharge was powered by the DC source (power
~100 W) or HV source at typical frequency ~7 kHz
(power ~30 W). The auxiliary discharge in the liquid was
burned between the gas-discharge channel and liquid
1
3
2
Gas
tube
Gas
1
- +
Gases
4
Plasma
Liquid
mailto:tin@univ.kiev.ua
217
wall. The potential of the liquid wall was set by the
voltage drop on the secondary discharge powered by the
DC source. This source links up via resistance to the one
of the electrodes of the auxiliary discharge and to the
metallic electrode (3) at the bottom of the test-tube. The
liquid in this case had a positive potential. The
atmospheric air served as plasma forming and
transporting gases; ethanol (C2H5OH) was used as organic
carbon-containing liquids. The gas/liquid flow rates and
the discharge time were varied to optimize the process.
The gas channel in the system could supply by the vapour
flow without gas inputting from the outside under power
supply of the discharge more than 50 W.
In the result of the plasma treatment of the test
materials in the electro-discharge gas-liquid reactor
during the define time (3…10 min), the output products
were formed in two phases: (i) liquid phase, and (ii) gas
phase. The gas-phase products were taken out from the
system into another chamber. The liquid-phase products
were collected in the test-tube and analyzed.
Also, treatment of organic liquid for nanoparticles
generation was conducted in plasmachemical reactors on
the basis of secondary discharge with a "liquid" electrode
(Fig. 2).
Fig.2. Plasma-liquid system with secondary discharge
and "liquid" electrode
Reactor consisted from the glass cylinder (1), which
was closed by the cover (3). A free jet of argon ran from
the nozzle (4) across two opposite electrodes (5) and
formed a bright crescent-shaped electric arc. The exhaust
gases came out of a reactor through two holes (6). The
current of secondary discharge runs through plasma (7) of
arc discharge, a transition layer (8) and a liquid.
The secondary discharge is powered by the DC source.
The polarity of secondary discharge was determined by
polarity of electrode (2).
Three solutions were used as organic carbon-
containing liquids. We used pure ethanol (C2H5OH) and
two mixtures: ethanol with benzene (C6H6) and ethanol
with toluene (C6H5CH3), with various concentrations. One
type of catalyst (ferrous acetate Fe(CH3COO)2) was used
in all cases.
3. RESULTS
3.1 EMISSION
The research of emission spectra of the electrical
discharges in the gas channel with liquid hydrocarbon
(ethanol) wall was shown, that their basic components are
the lines of hydrogen, system of radical bands C2, CH,
CN and line of an electrodes material of the auxiliary
discharge. The typical emission spectrum of the discharge
is given on fig. 3.
Fig.3. The typical emission spectrum of the discharge in
the gas canal with liquid (ethanol) wall
The hydrogen in some regimes of discharges burning
was basic component of emission spectra. Atoms of
hydrogen, probably, is catalyst for polymerization and
formation unsaturated compound of carbon. And the
formed compounds can will be distinguished from turning
out by usual pyrolysis [3].
In a spectrum the group diffuse bands with main head
at 405 nm is observed. Nowadays is convincingly proved,
that radiator of these bands is the molecule of three-
nuclear carbon C3 [3]. These bands frequently connect to
presence of engendering carbon particles, therefore they
can represent the certain interest in connection with study
of the mechanism of formation polymer nanoparticles in
plasma-liquid systems.
Plasma processing of liquid high-molecular
hydrocarbons (in this case – ethanol) under normal
conditions leads to the synthesis of polymeric particles in
our plasma-liquid reactor.
3.2 ABSORPTION
The plasma treated liquids was investigated by using
UV-spectrophotometry. Structural changes in the
materials were determined by the comparison of the OAS
spectra before and after the plasma treatment. It was
found that the absorption band with maximum near 330
nm appears in UV region of the spectra of treated ethanol
and toluene (curves 2 and 3 [4] on Fig. 4), which is
typical for absorption spectra of fullerenes, dissolved in
apolar organic solvents (curve 1 [5] on Fig. 4).
L, nm
I, a.u.
Liquid
Ar
7
8
1
5
2
Gas 3
4
Gas
6 6
218
Fig.4. The spectra of treated ethanol – curves 2 and
toluene – 3, the absorption spectrum of fullerenes C60
in hexanes – 1
3.3 NANOPARTICLES GENERATION
In the result of the plasma treatment of the
hydrocarbon liquids in the plasma-liquid system with
secondary discharge and "liquid" electrode, the output
product was formed solid phase – carbon black. The
average output amount to 100 mg/h for all regimes with
average power imputs ~ 600 watt-hour. Post-process of
obtained powder is very difficult and science intensive
procedure, which require process refinement.
CONCLUSIONS
From results of investigation of the plasma-liquid
systems with secondary discharge, supported by the
auxiliary discharges, the following can be concluded, that
the plasma-liquid systems on basis of the secondary
discharges in the gas channel with a liquid wall are
perspective systems for development of new generation
technologies of nano-polymeric particle and reforming of
liquid hydrocarbon with the purpose of free hydrogen
generation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was partially supported by the Ukrainian
Ministry of Education and Science, grant M/176-2006
and by the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University,
grant 06 BP 052-03.
REFERENCES
1. N. Sano, H. Wang, M. Chhowalla, I. Alexandrou,
G.A.J. Amaratunga. Synthesis of carbon ‘onions’ in
water// Nature. 2001, v.414, p.506-507.
2. V.S. Burakov et al. Plasma assisted synthesis of
nanoparticles in electrical discharges in liquids//
Nonequilibrium Proc. in Combustion and Plasma Based
Tech., Minsk, Belarus, 26-31 Aug., 2006, p. 174-178.
3. A.G. Gaydon. The spectroscopy of flames. Moscow:
“I.L.”, 1959, 381 p.
4. Iu. Veremii, V. Yukhymenko, V. Chernyak, V.
Naumov, V. Zrazhevskij. The synthesis of nano-particles
in plasma-liquid systems//1st Int. Conf. “Electronics and
App. Phys.”, Kyiv, Ukraine, 24-27 Nov., 2005, p. 51-52.
5. S.R. Wilson. Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics and
Technology. New York: “John Wiley & Sons”, 2000, p.
437-465.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-82299 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-01T11:20:42Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, V.V. Dudnyk, N.V. 2015-05-27T15:02:01Z 2015-05-27T15:02:01Z 2006 Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall / Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, V.V. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, N.V. Dudnyk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 6. — С. 216-218. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.77.-j https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/82299 Optical properties of plasma-liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall and secondary discharge were investigated. We used ethanol as experimental liquid, argon and air – as initiating gas.The emission spectra of plasma discharge in such system were analyzed. Also, we traced change of absorption coefficients in treated liquids. An availability nanoparticle of liquid hydrocarbons in different type of plasma-liquid systems was considered. This work was partially supported by the Ukrainian Ministry of Education and Science, grant ʋ M/176-2006 and by the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, grant ʋ 06 BP 052-03 en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Naumov, V.V. Yukhymenko, V.V. Dudnyk, N.V. Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies |
| title | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall |
| title_full | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall |
| title_fullStr | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall |
| title_short | Optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall |
| title_sort | optical properties and some applications of plasma–liquid system with discharge in the gas canal with liquid wall |
| topic | Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies |
| topic_facet | Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/82299 |
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