Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures
The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of the cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3, at an influence by the high pressures from 1 MPa to 3 GPa has been researched. The eight consecutive stages of the material’s specific volume change, which is characterized by a certain dependence...
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Neklyudov, I.M. Ledenyov, O.P. Bobrova, N.B. Chupikov, A.A. 2015-05-29T18:23:04Z 2015-05-29T18:23:04Z 2015 Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures / I.M. Neklyudov, O.P. Ledenyov, N.B. Bobrova, A.A. Chupikov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 2. — С. 182-185. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 28.41.Qb; 45.70.-n; 45.70.Mg; 83.10.Bb https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/82466 The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of the cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3, at an influence by the high pressures from 1 MPa to 3 GPa has been researched. The eight consecutive stages of the material’s specific volume change, which is characterized by a certain dependence of the volume change on the pressure change, have been registered. It is shown that there is a linear dependence on the double log-log plot of the material’s specific volume change on the pressure for an every stage of considered process. The two stages are clearly distinguished: a stage of material’s mechanical destruction, and a stage of elastic compression of material without the disintegration of structure at a nano-scale. The hysteresis dependence of the material’s specific volume change on the pressure change at the pressure decrease is observed. The small disperse coal dust particles jettisoning between the high pressure cell and the base plate was observed, resulting in the elastic stress reduction in relation to the small disperse coal dust particles volume. The obtained research data can be used to improve the designs of air filters for the radioactive chemical elements absorption at the NPP with the aims to protect the environment. Исследована объемная усадка насыпной среды, состоящей из угольных гранул адсорбента СКТ-3, под действием давления от 1 MПa до 3 ГПa. Обнаружены семь последовательных стадий изменения удельного объема материала, характеризующихся в каждой из них определенной величиной изменения объема в соответствующем диапазоне изменения давления, имеющем в двойном логарифмическом масштабе на каждом участке соответствующую линейную зависимость. Сделаны выводы о проявлении в ходе деформации пористых тел как стадий разрушения материала, так и стадий упругого сжатия среды без разрушения внутренней структуры. При уменьшении давления наблюдалась гистерезисная зависимость в изменении объема, и при ~ 100 MПa возникал пылевой выброс материала между ячейкой высокого давления и основанием, на котором она располагалась. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для разработки воздушных фильтров. Досліджена об'ємна усадка насипного середовища з вугільних гранул адсорбенту СКТ-3 під дією тиску від 1 МПa до 3 ГПa. Виявлені сім послідовних стадій зміни питомого об'єму матеріалу, які характеризуються в кожній з них певною величиною зміни об'єму у відповідному діапазоні зміни тиску, що має в подвійному логарифмічному масштабі на кожній ділянці відповідну лінійну залежність. Зроблено висновки про прояв у ході деформації пористих тіл як стадій руйнування матеріалу, так і стадій пружного стиску середовища без руйнування внутрішньої структури. При зменшенні тиску спостерігалася гістерезисна залежність у зміні об'єму, і при ~ 100 MПa виникав пиловий викид матеріалу між осередком високого тиску і підставою. Отримані дані можуть бути використані для розробки повітряних фільтрів. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Процессы пластической деформации Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures Стадии разрушения и упругого сжатия в гранулированной нанопористой углеродной среде при высоком давлении Стадії руйнування і пружного стискання в гранульованому нанопористому вуглецевому середовищі при високому тиску Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures |
| spellingShingle |
Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures Neklyudov, I.M. Ledenyov, O.P. Bobrova, N.B. Chupikov, A.A. Процессы пластической деформации |
| title_short |
Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures |
| title_full |
Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures |
| title_fullStr |
Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures |
| title_sort |
stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures |
| author |
Neklyudov, I.M. Ledenyov, O.P. Bobrova, N.B. Chupikov, A.A. |
| author_facet |
Neklyudov, I.M. Ledenyov, O.P. Bobrova, N.B. Chupikov, A.A. |
| topic |
Процессы пластической деформации |
| topic_facet |
Процессы пластической деформации |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Стадии разрушения и упругого сжатия в гранулированной нанопористой углеродной среде при высоком давлении Стадії руйнування і пружного стискання в гранульованому нанопористому вуглецевому середовищі при високому тиску |
| description |
The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of the cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3, at an influence by the high pressures from 1 MPa to 3 GPa has been researched. The eight consecutive stages of the material’s specific volume change, which is characterized by a certain dependence of the volume change on the pressure change, have been registered. It is shown that there is a linear dependence on the double log-log plot of the material’s specific volume change on the pressure for an every stage of considered process. The two stages are clearly distinguished: a stage of material’s mechanical destruction, and a stage of elastic compression of material without the disintegration of structure at a nano-scale. The hysteresis dependence of the material’s specific volume change on the pressure change at the pressure decrease is observed. The small disperse coal dust particles jettisoning between the high pressure cell and the base plate was observed, resulting in the elastic stress reduction in relation to the small disperse coal dust particles volume. The obtained research data can be used to improve the designs of air filters for the radioactive chemical elements absorption at the NPP with the aims to protect the environment.
Исследована объемная усадка насыпной среды, состоящей из угольных гранул адсорбента СКТ-3, под действием давления от 1 MПa до 3 ГПa. Обнаружены семь последовательных стадий изменения удельного объема материала, характеризующихся в каждой из них определенной величиной изменения объема в соответствующем диапазоне изменения давления, имеющем в двойном логарифмическом масштабе на каждом участке соответствующую линейную зависимость. Сделаны выводы о проявлении в ходе деформации пористых тел как стадий разрушения материала, так и стадий упругого сжатия среды без разрушения внутренней структуры. При уменьшении давления наблюдалась гистерезисная зависимость в изменении объема, и при ~ 100 MПa возникал пылевой выброс материала между ячейкой высокого давления и основанием, на котором она располагалась. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для разработки воздушных фильтров.
Досліджена об'ємна усадка насипного середовища з вугільних гранул адсорбенту СКТ-3 під дією тиску від 1 МПa до 3 ГПa. Виявлені сім послідовних стадій зміни питомого об'єму матеріалу, які характеризуються в кожній з них певною величиною зміни об'єму у відповідному діапазоні зміни тиску, що має в подвійному логарифмічному масштабі на кожній ділянці відповідну лінійну залежність. Зроблено висновки про прояв у ході деформації пористих тіл як стадій руйнування матеріалу, так і стадій пружного стиску середовища без руйнування внутрішньої структури. При зменшенні тиску спостерігалася гістерезисна залежність у зміні об'єму, і при ~ 100 MПa виникав пиловий викид матеріалу між осередком високого тиску і підставою. Отримані дані можуть бути використані для розробки повітряних фільтрів.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/82466 |
| citation_txt |
Stages of destruction and elastic compression of granular nanoporous carbon medium at high pressures / I.M. Neklyudov, O.P. Ledenyov, N.B. Bobrova, A.A. Chupikov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 2. — С. 182-185. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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182 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №2(96)
STAGES OF DESTRUCTION AND ELASTIC COMPRESSION OF
GRANULAR NANOPOROUS CARBON MEDIUM AT HIGH PRESSURES
I.M. Neklyudov, O.P. Ledenyov, N.B. Bobrova, A.A. Chupikov
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine
The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of the cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3, at an
influence by the high pressures from 1 MPa to 3 GPa has been researched. The eight consecutive stages of the
material’s specific volume change, which is characterized by a certain dependence of the volume change on the
pressure change, have been registered. It is shown that there is a linear dependence on the double log-log plot of the
material’s specific volume change on the pressure for an every stage of considered process. The two stages are
clearly distinguished: a stage of material’s mechanical destruction, and a stage of elastic compression of material
without the disintegration of structure at a nano-scale. The hysteresis dependence of the material’s specific volume
change on the pressure change at the pressure decrease is observed. The small disperse coal dust particles jettisoning
between the high pressure cell and the base plate was observed, resulting in the elastic stress reduction in relation to
the small disperse coal dust particles volume. The obtained research data can be used to improve the designs of air
filters for the radioactive chemical elements absorption at the NPP with the aims to protect the environment.
PACS: 28.41.Qb; 45.70.-n; 45.70.Mg; 83.10.Bb
INTRODUCTION
The functional materials with the special physical
properties in a certain range of technical parameters
such as the temperatures, pressures, deformations are
used in the modern engineering to design a number of
various devices. However, the selected physical proper-
ties of functional materials at the operational limits are
not well researched.
The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of
the cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3,
at an influence by the high pressures from 1 MPa to
3 GPa represents a main research subject in this paper.
The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of the
cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3 is
used in the air filters for the radioactive chemical
elements and their isotopes absorption at the nuclear
power plants (NPP) with the aims to defend the working
personal from the harsh operational environment.
In [1], the research results on the distribution of the
radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes along
the air filters after the long term operation at the NPP
with the application of the gamma resonant spectrosco-
py method has been completed. The air filters have been
used in the operation for a number of years, and the
accumulated chemical elements and their isotopes had a
non-uniform distribution with a number of maxima of
concentration density.
It was necessary to create a new theory, considering
an important role by the forced acoustic resonant oscil-
lations with the purpose to explain an appearance of the
concentration density maxima in the granular nanopo-
rous carbon medium, made of the cylindrical coal
granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3, in the air filter [2].
It was observed that the primary accumulation of the
absorbed chemical elements and their isotopes occurs in
the antinodes positions of the forced acoustic oscilla-
tions, having a distribution in the form of a series of
concentration density maxima along the length of the
granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of the
cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3, in
the air filter [2].
The small disperse coal dust particles appear as a
result of an abrasion of mechanical contacts between the
coal granules at the air pressure fluctuations during the
air flow in an air filter, and precipitate at the same
positions along the length of the granular nanoporous
carbon medium in the core of an air filter. The small
disperse coal dust particles can intensify the process of
the radionuclides absorption, because the path length by
the radionuclides to the pores of small dimensions in the
small disperse coal dust particles is relatively short.
Therefore, a physical chemical role by the small dis-
perse coal dust particles fraction in the process of
absorption of the chemical elements has to be consid-
ered comprehensively. In addition, it makes sense to
note that the small disperse coal dust particles fraction
plays an essential role in the space physics [3], plasma
physics [4], environment science, etc.
Let us emphasis that the mechanical strength of cy-
lindrical coal granules is precisely characterized by the
disintegration property due to an abrasion process
mainly [5]. Therefore, there was a certain interest to
conduct a research on the mechanical durability and
dense packing of the granular nanoporous carbon
medium with the cylindrical coal granules with the
fractal structure of pores at an application of a wide
range of high pressures [6].
In this research, we would like to clarify the follow-
ing problems: 1) destruction of the macro-pores in the
granular carbon medium with nanoporous and 2) elastic
compression of the nanopores in the small disperse coal
dust particles in the carbon medium as a result of an
application of high pressures.
SAMPLES CHARACTERISTICS
AND MEASUREMENTS TECHNIQUE
The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of
the cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3,
at an application by the high pressures from 1 MPa up
to 3 GPa has been researched. The coal granules had the
cylindrical geometrical form with the diameter of
~ 2 mm and the length of ~ 3.2 mm. The measured
material density is gr 0.9213 g/cm
3
, that is approxi-
mately ~ 0.4 of the graphite density, С = 2,253 g/cm
3
.
The bulk filling of air filter by the cylindrical coal
granules can generally be from ~ 62% up to ~ 75 %, and
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №2(96) 183
it depends on both 1) the geometrical shapes of granules
and impurities as well as 2) a relation between the
empty space volume and the characteristic sizes of
granules.
In our experiment, the cylindrical coal granules are
filed in the cylindrical volume. The diameter of cylin-
drical coal granule is in 4 times smaller than the diame-
ter of cylindrical volume. The length of cylindrical coal
granule is in 2.5 times smaller than the length of cylin-
drical volume. It results in a situation, when the filing
density of the cylindrical volume by the cylindrical coal
granules is decreased. In the researched case, the density
of bulk filed cylindrical coal granules was equal to
bulk = 0.567 g/cm
3
, that is 62% of volumetric filing.
Fig. 1. High pressure cell
It is known that cylindrical coal granules of СКТ-3
have the macropores with the diameter of
~ 100…200 nm, the volume of macropores is
0.2…0.8 cm
3
/g, the specific surface of macropores is
0.5…2 m
2
/g [7]. The transitional nanopores have the
sizes from 1.6 to 100 nm and the specific area of
70 m
2
/g. The smallest nanopores have the sizes from
0.6…0.7 up to 1.6 nm, and the specific volume of
0.2…0.6 cm
3
/g, and the big effective area from 700 up
to 1500 m
2
/g.
Thus, it is necessary to highlight a fact that the ab-
sorption process takes place in the nanopores mainly,
where the adsorbed atoms of radioactive chemical
elements and their isotopes are captured in the volumes
of nanopores. The macropores in the cylindrical coal
granules in the granular nanoporous carbon medium
play a role of transporting channels.
The high pressure cell represents a cylindrical
chamber with the diameter of 40 mm and the height of
40 mm with an internal hole with the diameter of 8 mm
and a punch with the diameter of 8 mm and the length
of 40 mm made of the high-strength tempered steel as
depicted in Fig. 1.
The external pressure was created by the hydraulic
press, which can generate the high pressures. The
multiplication coefficient in a high pressure cell is 100,
allowing to create the high pressures up to 3 GPa.
DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
The change of volume of the granular nanoporous
carbon medium, made of the cylindrical coal granules of
the adsorbent of СКТ-3, at an influence by the high
pressures from 1 MPa to 3 GPa is measured.
The experimental results on the change of volume of
the granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of the
cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3, at
an influence by the high pressures from 1 MPa to 3 GPa
are presented in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Dependence of volume on pressure for granular
nanoporous carbon medium
It can be seen that the volume, occupied by the cy-
lindrical coal granules, quickly enough decreases at an
increase of the pressure up to ~ 100 MPa, and then the
volume change is slowing down.
At the maximum pressure of 3000 MPa, the volume
of the granular nanoporous carbon medium decreases in
more than 5 times, comparing to the initial volume.
For more detailed research of dependence V (P), it
has been constructed on the log-log scale (Fig. 3).
In this case, it can be seen more accurately that the
volume of the granular nanoporous carbon medium
changes at an influence by the applied pressure. The
obtained dependence can be divided into the eight
stages in which the every dependence V (P) can be
presented as a close to the linear dependence on the log-
log scale.
In the range of small applied pressures from 1 to
32 MPa (see the area 1 in Fig. 3), there is the volume
change of ~ 6.6%, which can be connected with the
packing of a bulk layer of cylindrical coal granules
without their mechanical destruction.
The following stage of process (2) is probably con-
nected with the destruction of a macrostructure of the
cylindrical coal granules, and the volume of sample at
100 MPa changes on 49% from the initial volume at the
pressure of 1 MPa.
In the subsequent stages (37), the deformation pro-
cess influences the volumes of pores inside the cylindri-
cal coal granules in the granular nano-porous carbon
medium.
The volume change at all these stages is almost
twice less, than at the stage (2), and it is 25.65% of the
initial volume of researched sample.
184 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №2(96)
Fig. 3. Log-log experimental dependence for bulk
sample of volume V as function of pressure P
At the stage (8), the deformation of sample at the
high pressures up to 3 GPa has place. This process is
accompanied by a small change of volume of sample on
~ 3.8%.
For more evident estimation of changes of volume
of sample at each stage of the deformation process, the
dependence of the relative change of volume in the
percentage of the previous stage, related to the change
of pressure on 1 MPa, has been created in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Coefficient of change of volume in percentage
at change of pressure on 1 MPa related to each stage
As it is visible in Fig. 4, the biggest compression of
sample is related to a change of pressure on 1 MPa and
it occurs at the stages 2 and 5. The small relative maxi-
mum is observed at the 7
th
stage. It is possible to believe
that the destruction of the cylindrical coal granules takes
place at these stages of the deformation process at the
relatively small pressures (stage 2). The stage 5 is
connected with the destruction of macropores in the
adsorbent, and the stage 7 is responsible for a partial
destruction of the bigger micropores.
We believe that the nanopores in the samples do not
disintegrate, but they are only elastically compressed.
During this process, the high energy of elastic defor-
mation can be accumulated in the sample at the applied
high pressures.
Let's highlight the fact that the cylindrical coal gran-
ules are fractured and destructed in the researched
granular nanoporous carbon medium at an increase of
external applied pressure. This process is accompanied
by both 1) an increase of applied pressure on the small
disperse coal dust particles and 2) an increase of the
elastic compression of material of which they consist.
It is known [8] that the processes of the deformation
and the distribution of forces in the granulated soft
condensed matter occur differently, than in the elastic
condensed matter. Therefore, at a decrease of external
pressure, the small disperse nanoparticles are in a
jammed state, and the pressure release in the sample
does not occur, as it would be in the case of an elastic
condensed matter sample.
Indeed, as it was observed during the experiment, at
pressure decrease from 3 GPa down to ~ 100 MPa, the
volume of the compressed sample increases a little, but
at the specified pressures, the dust of small disperse coal
nanoparticles appeared between the cell and the metal
plate on which it is based (Fig. 5). It shows that the
small disperse coal dust particles medium in a high
pressure cell was elastically compressed, and at pressure
release, it appeared between the the cell and the metal
plate on which it is fixed.
Fig. 5. Small disperse dust jettisoning from high
pressure cell
After this, the pressure was completely decreased,
but the small disperse coal dust in the cell’s channel was
in a packed state, and it was necessary to apply a certain
additional pressure take it out.
CONCLUSION
The granular nanoporous carbon medium, made of
the cylindrical coal granules of the adsorbent of СКТ-3,
at an influence by the high pressures from 1 MPa to
3 GPa has been researched. The eight consecutive
stages of the material’s specific volume change, which
is characterized by a certain dependence of the volume
change on the pressure change, have been registered. It
is shown that there is a linear dependence lgV (lgP) on
the double log-log plot of the material’s specific volume
change on the pressure for an every stage of considered
process. The two stages of mechanical transformation of
researched sample are clearly distinguished: 1) a stage
of material’s mechanical destruction, and 2) a stage of
elastic compression of material without the subsequent
disintegration of internal structure at a nanoscale. The
magnitudes of external applied pressures of fastest
deformation process of cylindrical coal granules are
measured. The presence of elastic deformations of the
granular nanoporous carbon medium at which the nano-
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №2(96) 185
pores in the granular nanoporous carbon medium do not
destruct is found. The small disperse coal dust particles
jettisoning between the high pressure cell and the base
plate was observed, resulting in the elastic stress reduc-
tion in relation to the small disperse coal dust particles
volume. The obtained research data can be used to
improve the designs of air filters for the chemical
elements absorption at the NPP.
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Статья поступила в редакцию 05.03.2015 г.
СТАДИИ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ И УПРУГОГО СЖАТИЯ В ГРАНУЛИРОВАННОЙ
НАНОПОРИСТОЙ УГЛЕРОДНОЙ СРЕДЕ ПРИ ВЫСОКОМ ДАВЛЕНИИ
И.М. Неклюдов, О.П. Леденёв, Н.Б. Боброва, А.А. Чупиков
Исследована объемная усадка насыпной среды, состоящей из угольных гранул адсорбента СКТ-3, под
действием давления от 1 MПa до 3 ГПa. Обнаружены семь последовательных стадий изменения удельного
объема материала, характеризующихся в каждой из них определенной величиной изменения объема в
соответствующем диапазоне изменения давления, имеющем в двойном логарифмическом масштабе на
каждом участке соответствующую линейную зависимость. Сделаны выводы о проявлении в ходе деформа-
ции пористых тел как стадий разрушения материала, так и стадий упругого сжатия среды без разрушения
внутренней структуры. При уменьшении давления наблюдалась гистерезисная зависимость в изменении
объема, и при ~ 100 MПa возникал пылевой выброс материала между ячейкой высокого давления и основа-
нием, на котором она располагалась. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для разработки воздуш-
ных фильтров.
СТАДІЇ РУЙНУВАННЯ І ПРУЖНОГО СТИСКАННЯ В ГРАНУЛЬОВАНОМУ
НАНОПОРИСТОМУ ВУГЛЕЦЕВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ПРИ ВИСОКОМУ ТИСКУ
І.М. Неклюдов, О.П. Леденьов, Н.Б. Боброва, А.О. Чупіков
Досліджена об'ємна усадка насипного середовища з вугільних гранул адсорбенту СКТ-3 під дією тиску
від 1 МПa до 3 ГПa. Виявлені сім послідовних стадій зміни питомого об'єму матеріалу, які характеризують-
ся в кожній з них певною величиною зміни об'єму у відповідному діапазоні зміни тиску, що має в подвійно-
му логарифмічному масштабі на кожній ділянці відповідну лінійну залежність. Зроблено висновки про
прояв у ході деформації пористих тіл як стадій руйнування матеріалу, так і стадій пружного стиску середо-
вища без руйнування внутрішньої структури. При зменшенні тиску спостерігалася гістерезисна залежність у
зміні об'єму, і при ~ 100 MПa виникав пиловий викид матеріалу між осередком високого тиску і підставою.
Отримані дані можуть бути використані для розробки повітряних фільтрів.
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