Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation
Role of surface in processes of carbon nanomaterials generation in plasma-liquid system was analyzed. Qualitative analysis of samples was supplied by spectrophotometrical methods, X-rays microanalysis and scanning microscope. Influence of substrate temperature on carbon deposited nanostructures wa...
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| Cite this: | Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation / Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.A. Filatov, S.V. Olszewski, V.O. Forostyanij // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 1. — С. 139-141. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Filatov, S.A. Olszewski, S.V. Forostyanij, V.O. 2015-11-11T20:00:43Z 2015-11-11T20:00:43Z 2009 Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation / Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.A. Filatov, S.V. Olszewski, V.O. Forostyanij // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 1. — С. 139-141. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.77.-j https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/88320 Role of surface in processes of carbon nanomaterials generation in plasma-liquid system was analyzed. Qualitative analysis of samples was supplied by spectrophotometrical methods, X-rays microanalysis and scanning microscope. Influence of substrate temperature on carbon deposited nanostructures was shown. Possibility of obtaining carbon nanostructures with metal inclusions in plasma-liquid systems from ethanol was presented. Досліджено роль поверхні в процесах генерації вуглецевих наноматеріалів (ВНМ) у плазмово-рідинній системі на базі вторинного розряду. Якісний аналіз зразків проводився за допомогою спектрофотометричної методики, рентгенівського мікроаналізу та скануючої мікроскопії. Показано вплив температури підкладки на вихідні ВНМ. Продемонстровано можливість отримання вуглецевих наноструктур з включенням значної кількості металів. Исследована роль поверхности в процессах генерации углеродных наноматериаллов (УНМ) в плазменно- жидкостной системе с вторичным разрядом. Качественный анализ образцов проводился с помощью спектрофотометрической методики, рентгеновского микроанализа и сканирующей микроскопии. Показано влияние температуры подложки на полученные УНМ. Продемонстрирована возможность получения углеродных наноструктур с включением значительного количества металлов. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation Вплив температурних умов на процеси формування ВНМ Влияние температурных условий на процессы формирования УНМ Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| title |
Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation |
| spellingShingle |
Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Filatov, S.A. Olszewski, S.V. Forostyanij, V.O. Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| title_short |
Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation |
| title_full |
Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation |
| title_fullStr |
Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation |
| title_sort |
influence of temperature condition on the process of сnm generation |
| author |
Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Filatov, S.A. Olszewski, S.V. Forostyanij, V.O. |
| author_facet |
Veremii, Iu.P. Chernyak, V.Ya. Filatov, S.A. Olszewski, S.V. Forostyanij, V.O. |
| topic |
Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| topic_facet |
Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Вплив температурних умов на процеси формування ВНМ Влияние температурных условий на процессы формирования УНМ |
| description |
Role of surface in processes of carbon nanomaterials generation in plasma-liquid system was analyzed. Qualitative
analysis of samples was supplied by spectrophotometrical methods, X-rays microanalysis and scanning microscope.
Influence of substrate temperature on carbon deposited nanostructures was shown. Possibility of obtaining carbon
nanostructures with metal inclusions in plasma-liquid systems from ethanol was presented.
Досліджено роль поверхні в процесах генерації вуглецевих наноматеріалів (ВНМ) у плазмово-рідинній
системі на базі вторинного розряду. Якісний аналіз зразків проводився за допомогою спектрофотометричної
методики, рентгенівського мікроаналізу та скануючої мікроскопії. Показано вплив температури підкладки на
вихідні ВНМ. Продемонстровано можливість отримання вуглецевих наноструктур з включенням значної
кількості металів.
Исследована роль поверхности в процессах генерации углеродных наноматериаллов (УНМ) в плазменно-
жидкостной системе с вторичным разрядом. Качественный анализ образцов проводился с помощью
спектрофотометрической методики, рентгеновского микроанализа и сканирующей микроскопии. Показано
влияние температуры подложки на полученные УНМ. Продемонстрирована возможность получения
углеродных наноструктур с включением значительного количества металлов.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/88320 |
| citation_txt |
Influence of temperature condition on the process of СNM generation / Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.A. Filatov, S.V. Olszewski, V.O. Forostyanij // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 1. — С. 139-141. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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| first_indexed |
2025-11-26T07:57:32Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-26T07:57:32Z |
| _version_ |
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| fulltext |
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE CONDITION
ON THE PROCESS OF СNM GENERATION
Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak, S.A. Filatov, S.V. Olszewski, V.O. Forostyanij
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radiophysics, Dept. of Physical
Electronics, Kyiv, Ukraine, E-mails: tin@univ.kiev.ua , chernyak_v@ukr.net
Role of surface in processes of carbon nanomaterials generation in plasma-liquid system was analyzed. Qualitative
analysis of samples was supplied by spectrophotometrical methods, X-rays microanalysis and scanning microscope.
Influence of substrate temperature on carbon deposited nanostructures was shown. Possibility of obtaining carbon
nanostructures with metal inclusions in plasma-liquid systems from ethanol was presented.
PACS: 52.77.-j
1. INTRODUCTION
On our days the basic methods of receipt of carbon
nanomaterials (CNM) were practically formed. It is a
receipt of CNM in a voltaic arc, at the laser or sun
ablation of graphite, pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in the
presence of catalysts, HiPco-process [1-5]. Each of them
has the advantages and failings. Therefore it is continuing
develop a principal new methods, or methods based on
combinations from above-listed. In spite of numerous
works on the generation of СNM, there is an unexplained
role of surface and volume in the kinetic mechanism of
nanoparticles formation. Therefore, receiving of СNM in
the system, where it is possible to change the temperature
of substrate, at permanent other parameters, was of
interest.
Influence of substrate temperature on process
efficiency of СNM synthesis was considered in this work.
Feedstock reforming for carbon nanoparticles
generation was performed in plasma-chemical reactor on
base of secondary discharge. The unconventional
discharge system allows creating plasma with the high
degree of nonequilibrium in area of electrodes. It allows
receiving active particles with untraditional energy
parameters. Reception possibility of СNM in such system
was shown in previous papers [6].
2. EXPERIMENTAL
Experimental set-up for study influence of substrate
temperature on the process of СNM synthesis shown on
the Аig.1. Reactor consisted from the metal cylinder (1),
which was closed by the cover (3). Free jet argon ran
from the nozzle (4) across two opposite coaxial electrodes
(5) and formed a bright crescent-shaped electric arc of
auxiliary discharge. The exhaust gases came out of a
reactor through two holes (6). Liquid was put into the
system through the hollow electrode (2) with the heater
(H1) and come into the reactor as vapour. The current of
secondary discharge runs through plasma (7) of arc
discharge and vapour of liquid. Another electrode of the
secondary discharge was plasma of auxiliary discharge.
The secondary discharge is powered by the DC
source. The polarity of secondary discharge was
determined by polarity of electrode (2).
For the decision of assigned task, in the construction
of reactor were brought some changes [6]. The substrate
(S), which preheat a heater (H2) is added. Temperature of
substrate is controlled by the system of thermocouples of
(T1), (T2) and (T3). Feasible temperature range was from
170 to 350 °C.
liquid
Ar
1
5
2
gases
3 4
gases
6 6
T2
vapour
T1
T3 H2
H1
S
plasma
Fig.1. Experimental set-up for study influence of
substrate temperature on the process of СNM synthesis
Stainless steel was chosen as a material for surface.
An electrode of secondary discharge is made from kovar
(Ni-Co alloy).
Auxiliary discharge parameters was up-to-date
Is = 300 mA, Us = 0,6 kV, secondary discharge –
Id=200 mA, Ud = 0,6…0,8 kV.
During our experiments we treated ethanol (C2H5OH)
solution with 0.004% of catalyst admixture – ferrous
acetate Fe(CH3COO)2. Supply velocity of the solution in
discharge area was near 1cm3/min. Saturated vapor of
liquid (ethanol etc.) set by temperature of coldest element
of reactor (in our case – inner wall with water cooling).
The soot, got on substrate at a certain temperature,
weighed and passed preparation for diagnostics. The
qualitative analysis of obtained soot was provided by
spectrophotometrical methods [7], X-ray microanalysis
and scanning microscopy.
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2009. № 1. 139
Series: Plasma Physics (15), p. 139-141.
3. POST-PROCESSING METHODS
Preparation of probes for X-ray microanalysis and
scanning microscope. First powder was processed with
concentrated hydrochloric acid about 30 minutes (for
metallic catalyst removal). Then it was washed by
distillate many times, and dried out at 100ºC. Then
samples was annealed in muffle oven with air access
(0,5 hour at 450º C) for amorphous carbon and low
graphite structure particles oxidation.
Refined in such way powder was placed by glass stick on
special carbon sticky tape, which was glued on a target of
scanning microscope.
Preparation of probes for spectrophotometry. For a
spectrophotometry probes prepared as follows. At first
unrefined soot (0,5…1 mg) put into solvent (10 ml,
n-hexane or toluene), shook up during 10 minutes and
enabled settled. For the best fullerenes dissolution the
prepared solutions added treatment an ultrasound during 1
hour. For research of absorption spectrums in a visible
spectral region and near UV quartz cuvettes were used.
4. RESULTS
Carbon powder obtained at a certain temperature was
scraped off from steel substrate and weighted.
Nonmonotonic maximum exists on dependence on the
CNM mass from substrate temperature (Fig.2.). Every
point in curve was tested 2−3 times.
Fig.2. Dependence of mass of obtained CNM from
the temperature of substrate
Photos of refined CNM samples, obtained by scanning
electron microscopy Supra55 (Carl Zeiss) shown on
Fig.3. Major part of sample presented by spherical
formations with diameter in range 500 nm to 10 µm.
Similar structures can be seen in samples for all
temperatures of substrate. But for regimes, which
correspond to maximum of temperatures dependence,
shown on Fig.2, averaged diameter of structures is larger.
Information about chemical composition of spherical
formations, obtained with help of x-ray microanalysis
(system INCA 350, Oxford Instruments) shown on Fig.4.
As possible to see, such carbon nanostructures contain
large amount of metals: catalyst metals and material of
secondary electrode (Ni, Co). Question of metal
distribution in bulk of spherical nanostructures remains
unsolved, because most probable chemical structure -
metal carbides (Fe3C, Ni3C, Co3C) is impossible in the
view of stehiometry.
Fig.3. Photos of probes obtained by scanning microscope
Fig.4. X-ray microanalysis chemical composition of
spherical formations (adduced in weight percents)
In despite the fact, that amorphous component of
sample is different by its composition (amorhous carbon,
pyrografite, metal oxydes), spherical formations stay
uniform in all probes.
140
It is necessary to notice, that material of auxiliary
discharge electrodes (copper) is present in amorphous part
of CNM, but wasn’t found in spherical formations.
Probably this fact can be explained that Ni or Co, like Fe
serves as catalyst for carbon structure growth, but copper
is not.
Fig.5. Spectrophotometry of samples soot dissolved in
n-hexane for different temperature of substrate
Comparison of absorption spectrums of samples
obtained at different substrate temperature presented on
Fig.5. Samples soot dissolved in n-hexane with USD-
treatment in accordance with the conditions of preparation
from work [7].
A peak on a wave-length 270 nm can be ascribed to
the molecule of phulleren C60 [7]. Then it is possible to
suppose, that spherical formations is association of
phullerenes, which contain atoms or molecules of metals
– endometalphullerenes.
CONCLUSIONS
A surface plays a substantial role in formation of the
final carbon nanomaterials:
1. Nonmonotonic maximum on dependence of CNM
mass from the temperature range of substrate exists.
2. Influence of surface temperature on final product
morphology is shown.
3. Possibility of obtaining carbon structures with large
amount of metals inclusion is presented.
REFERENCES
1.W. Kratshmer. Solid C60: a new form of carbon//
Nature. 1990, v. 347, p.354-388.
2.H.W. Kroto, J.R. Heath, S.O. O’Brien et al. C60:
Buckminsterfullerene// Nature. 1985, v. 318, p.162.
3.T. Guo, R.E. Smalley et al. Catalytic growth of single-
walled nanotubes by laser vaporation// Chem. phys.
Letters. 1995, v.243, p.49-54.
4.M. J. Yacaman, M.M. Yoshida et al. Catalytic growth
of carbon microtubules with fullerene structure// Appl.
Phys. Lett. 1993, v. 62, p. 202.
5.C. Bower, O. Zhou et al. Nucleation and growth of
carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma chemical vapor
deposition// Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, v. 77, p. 2767.
6.Iu.P. Veremii, V.Ya. Chernyak et al. Generation of
Carbon Nanomaterials by Plasma of a Secondary
Discharge // Ukr. J. of Phys. 2008, v. 53, № 4, p.393-397.
7.H. Ajie, W. Kratschmer et al. Characterization of the
Soluble All-Carbon Molecules C60 and C70 // J. Phys.
Chem., 1990, v.94, p.8630-8634.
Article received 27.10.08
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ПРОЦЕССЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ УНМ
Ю.П. Веремий, В.Я. Черняк, С.А. Филатов, С.В. Ольшевский, В.О. Форостяный
Исследована роль поверхности в процессах генерации углеродных наноматериаллов (УНМ) в плазменно-
жидкостной системе с вторичным разрядом. Качественный анализ образцов проводился с помощью
спектрофотометрической методики, рентгеновского микроанализа и сканирующей микроскопии. Показано
влияние температуры подложки на полученные УНМ. Продемонстрирована возможность получения
углеродных наноструктур с включением значительного количества металлов.
ВПЛИВ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНИХ УМОВ НА ПРОЦЕСИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВНМ
Ю.П. Веремій, В.Я. Черняк, С.А. Філатов, С.В. Ольшевський, В.О. Форостяний
Досліджено роль поверхні в процесах генерації вуглецевих наноматеріалів (ВНМ) у плазмово-рідинній
системі на базі вторинного розряду. Якісний аналіз зразків проводився за допомогою спектрофотометричної
методики, рентгенівського мікроаналізу та скануючої мікроскопії. Показано вплив температури підкладки на
вихідні ВНМ. Продемонстровано можливість отримання вуглецевих наноструктур з включенням значної
кількості металів.
141
REFERENCES
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