Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole
The configuration of the supporting magnetic field for the levitation of two superconducting rings is developed. It has been formed experimentally from four permanent coaxial magnets of N40 grade inserted one into another with alternate poles and having one common external surface. The ceramics ring...
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-906152025-02-23T17:56:42Z Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole Дослідження можливості створення левiтуючого квадруполя Исследование возможности создания левитирующего квадруполя Bishaev, A.M. Bush, A.A. Gladyshev, I.V. Kamentsev, K.Y. Kozintseva, M.V. Магнитное удержание The configuration of the supporting magnetic field for the levitation of two superconducting rings is developed. It has been formed experimentally from four permanent coaxial magnets of N40 grade inserted one into another with alternate poles and having one common external surface. The ceramics rings form high-temperature superconductive (HTSC) phase Y-123 of proper sizes demonstrating superconducting properties with the critical current sufficient for their levitation have been manufactured. The existence of stable equilibrium positions for two superconducting rings with the current in the supporting magnetic field and in the field of the gravity force has been experimentally proved. Based on carried out experiments and calculations the configuration of the laboratory model of the levitating quadrupole has been proposed. Розроблена конфігурація підтримувального магнітного поля для левітації двох надпровідних кілець. Експериментально вона сформована з чотирьох співвісних магнітів марки N40, вкладених один в одного з чергуванням полюсів і що мають одну загальну зовнішню поверхню. Виготовлені керамічні кільця з високотемпературної надпровідної (ВТНП) фази Y-123 відповідних розмірів, що проявляють надпровідні властивості з критичним струмом, достатнім для їх левітації. Експериментально доведено існування стійких рівноважних станів для двох надпровідної кілець із струмом в підтримувальному магнітному полі і в полі сили тяжіння. На підставі проведених експериментів і розрахунків запропоновано конфігурацію лабораторної моделі левітуючого квадруполя. Разработана конфигурация поддерживающего магнитного поля для левитации двух сверхпроводящих колец. Экспериментально она сформирована из четырех соосных магнитов марки N40, вложенных друг в друга с чередованием полюсов и имеющих одну общую внешнюю поверхность. Изготовлены керамические кольца из высокотемпературной сверхпроводящей (ВТСП) фазы Y-123 соответствующих размеров, проявляющие сверхпроводящие свойства с критическим током, достаточным для их левитации. Экспериментально доказано существование устойчивых равновесных состояний для двух сверхпроводящих колец с током в поддерживающем магнитном поле и в поле силы тяжести. На основании проведенных экспериментов и расчетов предложена конфигурация лабораторной модели левитирующего квадруполя. The work has been carried out in the frames of realization of FPP “Research and research-educational personnel of innovational Russia” for 2009-2013 on the state contract #P957. 2011 Article Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole / A.M. Bishaev, A.A. Bush, I.V. Gladyshev, K.Y. Kamentsev, M.V. Kozintseva // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2011. — № 1. — С. 35-37. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.55.–s, 52.55.He https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/90615 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Магнитное удержание Магнитное удержание |
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Магнитное удержание Магнитное удержание Bishaev, A.M. Bush, A.A. Gladyshev, I.V. Kamentsev, K.Y. Kozintseva, M.V. Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
The configuration of the supporting magnetic field for the levitation of two superconducting rings is developed. It has been formed experimentally from four permanent coaxial magnets of N40 grade inserted one into another with alternate poles and having one common external surface. The ceramics rings form high-temperature superconductive (HTSC) phase Y-123 of proper sizes demonstrating superconducting properties with the critical current sufficient for their levitation have been manufactured. The existence of stable equilibrium positions for two superconducting rings with the current in the supporting magnetic field and in the field of the gravity force has been experimentally proved. Based on carried out experiments and calculations the configuration of the laboratory model of the levitating quadrupole has been proposed. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Bishaev, A.M. Bush, A.A. Gladyshev, I.V. Kamentsev, K.Y. Kozintseva, M.V. |
| author_facet |
Bishaev, A.M. Bush, A.A. Gladyshev, I.V. Kamentsev, K.Y. Kozintseva, M.V. |
| author_sort |
Bishaev, A.M. |
| title |
Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole |
| title_short |
Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole |
| title_full |
Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole |
| title_fullStr |
Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole |
| title_sort |
investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| topic_facet |
Магнитное удержание |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/90615 |
| citation_txt |
Investigation of possibility of creation of levitating quadrupole / A.M. Bishaev, A.A. Bush, I.V. Gladyshev, K.Y. Kamentsev, M.V. Kozintseva // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2011. — № 1. — С. 35-37. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBILITY OF CREATION
OF LEVITATING QUADRUPOLE
A.M. Bishaev, A.A. Bush, I.V. Gladyshev, K.Y. Kamentsev, M.V. Kozintseva
Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (Technical University),
Moscow, Russia
E-mail: kozintseva@mirea.ru
The configuration of the supporting magnetic field for the levitation of two superconducting rings is developed. It
has been formed experimentally from four permanent coaxial magnets of N40 grade inserted one into another with
alternate poles and having one common external surface. The ceramics rings form high-temperature superconductive
(HTSC) phase Y-123 of proper sizes demonstrating superconducting properties with the critical current sufficient for
their levitation have been manufactured. The existence of stable equilibrium positions for two superconducting rings
with the current in the supporting magnetic field and in the field of the gravity force has been experimentally proved.
Based on carried out experiments and calculations the configuration of the laboratory model of the levitating
quadrupole has been proposed.
PACS: 52.55.–s, 52.55.He
1. INTRODUCTION
In the investigated up to now traps-Galateas [1-4], the
plasma-embedded coils (so named “myxini”) are
structurally fixed by holders. Myxini have to levitate in
thermonuclear reactor. Proposed and realized now in USA
[5] and Japan [6] levitating systems form the simplest
magnetic field configuration: the dipole field. The
quadrupole is the next one in complexity. The transfer from
the levitating dipole to the levitating quadrupole bring
along the main principal feature: it is necessary to obtain a
levitation of two interacting coils with the current.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPORTING
MAGNETIC FIELD CONFIGURATION
According to the generalization of Earnshow theorem
[7], performed by Braunbek [8], the confinement of
bodies with induced magnetic moments (diamagnetics,
superconductors) is possible in the regions near the
absolute minimum of ⏐H⏐2. Therefore in order to
stabilize equilibrium states of superconducting rings in
the magnetic field and in the field of the gravity force it
has been necessary to find the configurations with
minimums of the magnetic field. The development of the
configuration of the supporting magnetic field for the
levitation of superconducting rings has been carried out
with the help of calculations by the program “FEMME”.
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2011. № 1. 35
Series: Plasma Physics (17), p. 35-37.
Due to the main coils in the selected by us variant of
the magnetic quadrupole have the shape of rings, it is
clear for reasons of symmetry the supporting them
magnetic field must have the cylindrical symmetry too.
The simplest system of this type, having the region of
zero field, is the annular magnet with the axial
magnetization. The real superconducting ring, placed into
the zero field region, is also under the action of the
gravity force which shifts the ring down, into the region
of greater field values. The work performed by the gravity
force is expended onto the increase of the ring energy in
the magnetic field. As a result new equilibrium position
corresponding to the energy minimum of the
superconducting ring in the magnetic field and Earth
gravity field appears.
The region of the most abrupt change of the
magnitude of the magnetic field induction is located at the
co-ordinate r, equal to the radius of the internal hole of the
magnet. Therefore the stable levitating state for the
superconducting ring with the radius of the order of the
radius of the magnet internal hole is possible in the field
of the given annular magnet.
As a result of carried out experiments the
configuration with alternate poles, in which there is
provided the existence of several minimums of the
magnetic field, spaced in the altitude and surrounded by
“magnetic walls” (i.e. regions with the sharply increasing
field) of different radius, has been formed. In these
regions one may expect the stable levitation of
superconducting rings: rings of the different radius and at
the different levitation altitudes.
The given configuration has been formed
experimentally from four permanent coaxial magnets of
N40 grade inserted one into another with alternate poles
and having one common external surface. The
corresponding calculated configuration of this system of
magnets is presented in the Fig.1.
Fig. 1. Configuration of supporting magnetic field
z
r 0
The external magnet has the diameter Dext.= 100 mm,
the height h = 5 mm and the internal hole of the diameter
dint. = 50 mm. The first intermediate magnet has
Dext.=47 mm, h=5 mm, dint.=25 mm; the second
intermediate magnet has Dext.= 20 mm, h = 3 mm,
dint. = 10 mm; the internal magnet has Dext.= 10 mm,
h = 2 mm, dint.= 5 mm. Some asymmetry of the
configuration is caused by the second intermediate
magnet (of diameter 20 mm) and the internal magnet (of
diameter 10 mm) are shifted in the height about the
symmetry plane of the external and the first intermediate
magnets. The experimental values of the magnetic field
induction of the system from four magnets, measured at
the different distances from the system external surface,
agree within the limit of error (equal to about 5 %) with
the calculated ones obtained by the program “FEMME”.
In the field of this configuration three superconducting
rings of diameter ~10 mm, ~25 mm, ~50 mm are able to
levitate stably and they are able to levitate both each taken
separately and all three (or any two of them)
simultaneously.
3. EQUILIBRIUM POSITION
OF SUPERCONDUCTING RINGS
In the program “FEMME” an ideal superconductor as
a first approximation has been simulated by the definition
on its boundary of zero value vector potential. Therefore
all following discussions and calculations carried out by
the program “FEMME” are concerned to the case when
one may consider the magnetic field expulsion from the
superconductor takes place (i.e. Meissner effect takes
place). Preliminary calculations carried out in this
approximation have shown under such simulation of a
superconductor in the program “FEMME” one succeeded
in correct physical presenting of its behavior without
magnetic flux trapping. In other words, the ring is
transferring to superconducting state at “infinity” and is
bringing in the external magnetic field. The magnetic
field flux through the superconducting ring remains equal
zero in any position.
For the proposed configuration of the supporting
magnetic field, the positions of several superconducting
rings of specified sizes have been found by calculations,
in which the force acting onto the ring from the magnetic
field is equal to the gravity force acting on it (i.e. there are
calculated their equilibrium positions in the magnetic
field and in the field of the gravity force).
In accordance with the carried out above estimations
the external diameters of the superconducting rings for the
calculations have been taken equal to 20 and 50 mm. The
cross-section of the rings has been specified in the shape
of a (5×5) mm square according to the cross-section
dimension of the press molds used under the
superconducting manufacturing. The superconducting
substance density under the calculation of the gravity
force has been taken equal to 5⋅103 kg/m3.
The equilibrium position of the “ideal”
superconducting ring with the external diameter 20 mm in
the supporting field of four magnets with alternate poles
corresponds to the distance h = 5,7 mm between the lower
surface of the superconducting ring and magnets common
surface.
Under the equilibrium position of two “ideal”
superconducting rings with the external diameters 20 and
50 mm, accordingly, in the supporting field of four
magnets with alternate poles the distance between the
lower surface of the lower superconducting ring (of
diameter 20 mm) and magnets common surface is equal
to 6 mm, and the distance between the lower surface of
the upper superconducting ring (of diameter 50 mm) and
magnets common surface is equal to 20 mm.
In accordance with the forecast the calculated
equilibrium positions of two “ideal” superconducting
rings of the different radius (and of the same cross-section
and density) in the supporting field of four magnets with
alternate poles correspond to the different altitudes above
the magnets common surface: the equilibrium position of
the ring with the greater radius is higher than the position
of the ring with the smaller radius.
It is necessary to note, that the calculated altitudes of
levitating equilibrium states have been obtained for
“ideal” superconductors, therefore for the manufactured
in MIREA superconducting rings experimentally
observed altitudes, at which rings have been in the
equilibrium state, were smaller than calculated values.
The obtained results and calculations are able only to
forecast the behavior of real superconductors in real
fields. Therefore only the carrying out of experiments
with superconducting rings of different sizes,
manufactured from the superconducting materials of the
different type, can give the final answer onto the question
about the stability of the levitating state of one or another
system.
4. EXPERIMENTS ON LEVITATION
OF SUPERCONDUCTING RINGS
IN SUPPORTING MAGNETIC FIELD
In order to carry out experiments ceramics rings (with
the external diameter from 8 up to 46 mm) demonstrating
superconducting properties with the critical current
sufficient for their levitation have been manufactured
from HTSC phase Y-123 on the base of the available in
MIREA equipment and technique.
The two rings stable levitating states have been
experimentally observed in the four magnets supporting
field for rings diameters: 8 and 16, 12 and 46 mm, 16 and
46 mm, 19 and 46 mm, 8 and 46 mm. The photo of one of
the superconducting levitating rings configuration which
is stable both to horizontal and to vertical shifts is
presented in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Stable configuration of two levitating
superconducting rings. Diameter of external ring is
equal to 46 mm, diameter of internal ring - 19 mm
It is important to note that the levitation altitudes of
external and internal rings are different for all investigated
configurations, that corresponds to the forecast, carried
out on the base of calculations.
Thus carried out on the given step experiments in the
levitation of two superconducting rings in the supporting
magnetic field of four permanent magnets with alternative
poles have proved the existence of stable equilibrium in
such system.
36
37
5. CONCLUSIONS
The analysis carried out on the basis of carried out
experiments and calculations shows that the model of
levitating quadrupole must be consist of: two levitating
coils (“myxini”); unlevitating coils which compensate
myxini magnetic attraction (“repulsers”) and unlevitating
coils which compensate myxini gravity (“antigravity”
coils). Currents in repulsers may be comparable with the
currents in myxini by the order of magnitude, and one
chooses such location of repulsers under which the trap
barrier field becomes higher. Currents in antigravity coils
are by the order of magnitude smaller than in myxini. It
means the fields produced by antigravity coils will not
practically disturb the main magnetic configuration. In
order to ensure stable equilibrium position it is necessary
to use superconducting materials under manufacturing of
myxini, repulsers and antigravity coils.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work has been carried out in the frames of
realization of FPP “Research and research-educational
personnel of innovational Russia” for 2009-2013 on the
state contract #P957.
REFERENCES
1. A.I. Morozov, V.V. Savel’ev. On Galateas – magnetic
traps with plasma-embedded conductors // Physics-
Uspekhi. 1998, v. 41, N 11, p.1049-1089.
2. A.I. Morozov, A.I. Bugrova, et al. Injection of Plasma
into the Trimyx Galathea // Plasma Physics Reports.
2006, v.32, N3, p.171-182.
3. A.I. Morozov, A.I. Bugrova, et al. Plasma Parameters
in the Upgraded Trimyx-M Galathea // Technical
Physics. 2007, v. 52, N 12, p. 1546-1551.
4. A.M. Bishaev, A.I. Bugrova, et al. Plasma confinement
time in Trimix-M galatea multipole magnetic trap //
Technical Physics Letters. 2010, v. 36, N 5, p. 487-488.
5. J. Kesner, A.C. Boxer, et al. First Experiments and Test
Plasma Confinement by a Magnetic Dipole // Proc. of
the 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference. 2006 / Prep.
IC/ P7-7, p. 1-8.
6. Z. Yoshikava, Y. Ogawa, et al. Magnetosphere-like
Plasma a Producted by Ring Trap 1 (RT-1) // Proc. of
the 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference. 2006 / Prep.
IC/ P7-14, p. 1-8.
7. S. Earnshow. On the nature of the molecular forces
which regulate the constitution of the luminoferous
ether // Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society. 1842, v. 7, p. 97.
8. W. Braunbek. Freischwebende Korper im elektrischen
und magnetischen Feld // Zeitschrift für Physik. 1939,
v. 112, p. 753.
Article received 30.10.10
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СОЗДАНИЯ ЛЕВИТИРУЮЩЕГО КВАДРУПОЛЯ
А.М. Бишаев, А.А. Буш, И.В. Гладышев, К.Е. Каменцев, М.В. Козинцева
Разработана конфигурация поддерживающего магнитного поля для левитации двух сверхпроводящих колец.
Экспериментально она сформирована из четырех соосных магнитов марки N40, вложенных друг в друга с
чередованием полюсов и имеющих одну общую внешнюю поверхность. Изготовлены керамические кольца из
высокотемпературной сверхпроводящей (ВТСП) фазы Y-123 соответствующих размеров, проявляющие
сверхпроводящие свойства с критическим током, достаточным для их левитации. Экспериментально доказано
существование устойчивых равновесных состояний для двух сверхпроводящих колец с током в
поддерживающем магнитном поле и в поле силы тяжести. На основании проведенных экспериментов и
расчетов предложена конфигурация лабораторной модели левитирующего квадруполя.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТІ СТВОРЕННЯ ЛЕВIТУЮЧОГО КВАДРУПОЛЯ
А.М. Бiшаєв, А.А. Буш, I.В. Гладишев, К.Е. Камєнцев, М.В. Козiнцeва
Розроблена конфігурація підтримувального магнітного поля для левітації двох надпровідних кілець.
Експериментально вона сформована з чотирьох співвісних магнітів марки N40, вкладених один в одного з
чергуванням полюсів і що мають одну загальну зовнішню поверхню. Виготовлені керамічні кільця з
високотемпературної надпровідної (ВТНП) фази Y-123 відповідних розмірів, що проявляють надпровідні
властивості з критичним струмом, достатнім для їх левітації. Експериментально доведено існування стійких
рівноважних станів для двох надпровідної кілець із струмом в підтримувальному магнітному полі і в полі сили
тяжіння. На підставі проведених експериментів і розрахунків запропоновано конфігурацію лабораторної моделі
левітуючого квадруполя.
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