The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea
Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979 described from the Caspian Sea 
 
 (vicinity of
 Kayakent and Novokayakent) is recorded (also from an interstitial biotope) 
 
 for the first time from the
 Black Sea (Georgia, vicinity of Sukhumi) and briefly...
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Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2006
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| Cite this: | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea / V.I. Monchenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2006. — Т. 40, № 4. — С. 371-274. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860213513852551168 |
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| author | Monchenko, V.I. |
| author_facet | Monchenko, V.I. |
| citation_txt | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea / V.I. Monchenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2006. — Т. 40, № 4. — С. 371-274. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| description | Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979 described from the Caspian Sea 

(vicinity of
Kayakent and Novokayakent) is recorded (also from an interstitial biotope) 

for the first time from the
Black Sea (Georgia, vicinity of Sukhumi) and briefly redescribed. Certain 

differences of these females
from the Caspian ones are shown. The problems of origin and relationships 

of the Caspian and Black
Sea populations C. inopinata are discussed. This species is considered now 

as Ponto-Caspian endemic
in the terms of zoogeography.
Вид Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979, описанный ранее из 

Каспийского моря (окрестности Каякента и Новокаякента) как эндемик, впервые 

обнаружен (тоже в интер-стициальном биотопе) в Черном море (окрестности 

Сухуми, Грузия). Представлено краткое иллюстрированное переописание. 

Показаны некоторые отличительные признаки описанных самок от каспийских 

особей. Обсуждаются проблемы происхождения и связи каспийских и 

черноморских популяций. В зоогеографических терминах ныне этот вид и род 

должен рассматриваться как понто-каспийский эндемик.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:15:12Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
UDK 595.34(262.5)
THE CASPIAN ENDEMIC GENUS CRYPTOCYCLOPINA
(CRUSTACEA, COPEPODA) IN THE BLACK SEA
V. I. Monchenko
Shmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine,
vul. B. Khmelnitskoho, 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
Accepted 3 March 2006
Êàñïèéñêèé ýíäåìè÷íûé ðîä Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) â ×åðíîì ìîðå. Ìîí÷åí-
êî Â. È. — Âèä Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979, îïèñàííûé ðàíåå èç Êàñïèéñêîãî
ìîðÿ (îêðåñòíîñòè Êàÿêåíòà è Íîâîêàÿêåíòà) êàê ýíäåìèê, âïåðâûå îáíàðóæåí (òîæå â èíòåð-
ñòèöèàëüíîì áèîòîïå) â ×åðíîì ìîðå (îêðåñòíîñòè Ñóõóìè, Ãðóçèÿ). Ïðåäñòàâëåíî êðàòêîå
èëëþñòðèðîâàííîå ïåðåîïèñàíèå. Ïîêàçàíû íåêîòîðûå îòëè÷èòåëüíûå ïðèçíàêè îïèñàííûõ
ñàìîê îò êàñïèéñêèõ îñîáåé. Îáñóæäàþòñÿ ïðîáëåìû ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ è ñâÿçè êàñïèéñêèõ è
÷åðíîìîðñêèõ ïîïóëÿöèé.  çîîãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ òåðìèíàõ íûíå ýòîò âèä è ðîä äîëæåí ðàññìàò-
ðèâàòüñÿ êàê ïîíòî-êàñïèéñêèé ýíäåìèê.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Copepoda, Cyclopinidae, Cryptocyclopina inopinata, Êàñïèéñêîå ìîðå,
×åðíîå ìîðå, ôàóíà.
The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea. Monchen-
ko V. I. — Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979 described from the Caspian Sea (vicinity of
Kayakent and Novokayakent) is recorded (also from an interstitial biotope) for the first time from the
Black Sea (Georgia, vicinity of Sukhumi) and briefly redescribed. Certain differences of these females
from the Caspian ones are shown. The problems of origin and relationships of the Caspian and Black
Sea populations C. inopinata are discussed. This species is considered now as Ponto-Caspian endemic
in the terms of zoogeography.
Ke y wo r d s: Copepoda, Cyclopinidae, Cryptocyclopina inopinata, Caspian Sea, Black Sea, fauna.
Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko was described as endemic of the Caspian Sea based on materials
collected by the author (Moí÷åíêî, 1979) in two sites at the western coast of the Caspian Sea: in the
vicinities of Kayakent and Novokayakent (Dagestan). Quite extensive material allows us to show the complete
picture of its variability. Recently, this species was unexpectedly found by the author in the vicinity of
Sukhumi (Georgia). Material is represented only by 6 mature females, but some morphological peculiarities
are quite interesting to compare the populations from two different sea basins.
Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979
Moí÷åíêî, 1979: 1470–1477
Red e s c r i p t i o n . F ema l e. Total length 358–380 mkm (in the Caspian speci-
mens 356–430). Translucent animal with quite thickset cyclopiform outlines. Synce-
phalon with projecting frontal part and deflexed non-separated rostrum. Eye pigment
poorly expressed. First pedigerous somite rather separated from syncephalon (fig. 1, 1).
Surface of somits non-ornamented, posterior edges smooth, only on abdomen with very
thin notches. Genital double somite with cross suture, adjoining wide proximal third
from narrower distal part; on the middle of dorsal surface with short cross-section (trace
of former somite division). Anal plate semicircular, short, but rather wide (fig. 1, 2).
Caudal rami pulled together, almost parallel, 1.98–2.14 (in Caspian specimens
2.1–2.25) times as long as wide and 1.45 times as long as anal somite. Dorsal seta well
developed, attached above base of middle apical setae and almost as long as rami.
Vestnik zoologii, 40(4): 371–374, 2006
© V. I. Monchenko, 2006
372 V. I. Monchenko
Fig. 1. Cryptocyclopina inopinata, }: 1 — habitus, dorsal; 2 — caudal rami, dorsal view; 3 — antenna 2; 4 —
mandible with palp; 5 — maxilla 1 with palp; 6 — maxilla 2; 7 — P5. Scale bar in mkm.
Ðèñ. 1. Cryptocyclopina inopinata, }; 1 — îáùèé âèä; 2 — êàóäàëüíûå âåòâè, äîðñàëüíî; 3 — àíòåííà 2;
4 — ìàíäèáóëà ñî ùóïèêîì; 5 — ìàêñèëëà 1 ñî ùóïèêîì; 6 — ìàêñèëëà 2; 7 — Ð5. Ìàñøòàáíàÿ
ëèíåéêà â ìêì.
Long lateral seta proximally of middle of outer edge of rami. Outermost and inner-
most setae of almost equal length, and 0.79–0.83 (in Caspian females 0.72–0.80) times
as long as rami. Outer middle seta 2.33–2.59 (average 2.15 in compared group) as long
as rami. Inner middle seta is 3.75–4.22 (average 3.50 in Caspian females) as long as
rami. All setae are rigid plumose (fig. 1, 2).
Antenna 1 moderately thickened, 8-segmented, with numerous well-downy setae.
Antenna 2 4-segmented with outer seta on proximal segment (vestige of exopodite) and
short apical armature (fig. 1, 3). Mandible with wide masticator blade; coxobasopodite
with one seta, 2-segmented endopodite and 4-segmented exopodite (fig. 1, 4). Maxilla
1 with extended appendages on gnathobasis, and 1-segmented exo- and endopodite
armed, correspondingly, with 4 and 6 setae; each of endites with 2 and 3 setae as shown
on the figure 1, 5. Maxilla 2 5-segmented, with 4 endites on proximal segment, big claw
of basipodite, and 3-segmented endopodite bearing 8 appendages as figured (fig. 1, 6).
Maxillipede 6-segmented, characteristically curved in distal part, with 11 appendages.
Coxo- and basopodites of swimming legs poorly ornamented. Inner setae of cox-
opodites and outer of basipodites shortened from P1 to P4. Inner spine of basipodite
P1 rather short. All rami of P1–P4 3-segmented. Each first segment of all exopodites
with short inner seta and short outer spine; analogous appendages on second segments
much longer. Third (distal) segments armed with lanceolate spines (formula 4–4–3–3)
and setae (4–4–4–4). First and second segments of endopodites P1–P4 each with sin-
gle seta; third (distal) with 5 (P1 and Ð4) or 6 setae (Ð2 and Ð3). Distal segment of
endopodite P4 slightly oval, 1.23–1.32 (average 1.2 in Caspian specimens) times as long
as wide, both apical setae (almost equal in length) 1.13–1.30 (average 1.4 in Caspian
specimens) times as long as endopodite. Ð5 consisting of seta, sitting on ledge of V tho-
racal segment, and single free oval outlined segment, armed with thin apical seta 1.65
times as long as segment, and with shorter subapical spines 0.5 times as long as apical
seta (fig. 1, 7).
Spermatophores bean-shaped, attached on middle line of genital double somite, on
border of first and second third of its length. Egg bags attached to abdomen almost at
direct or only a few smaller angle. Number of eggs in each bag 5–6.
The data on salinity in the interstitial biotope near Sukhumi fit well previous data
(Moí÷åíêî, 1979): in all the three sites this species was found at the salinity: 10.0‰,
11.5‰ (Caspian Sea) and 7.9‰ (Sukhumi). This species is therefore classified as
pleiomeiohaline.
Rema r k s. Judging from available material, the Black Sea animals do no differ
essentially from the Caspian ones. The qualitative characters are absent at all. There is
no statistically significant differences among measured plastic characters. However, the
length/width ratio of caudal rami is notably lower (2.0) than in Caspian specimens (ca.
2.2). There are some additional differences connected with this peculiarity in the ratio
of the length of setae of caudal rami to the length of caudal rami itself. In the Black
Sea specimens, these indices are higher than in the Caspian ones. On the contrary, the
length/width ratio of distal segment of endopodite P4 is notably higher in the Black Sea
specimens (1.23–1.32) than in the Caspian ones (average 1.2). In this connection, the
ratio of two apical setae length to endopodite P4 length is less in the Black Sea speci-
mens (1.13–1.30) than in the Caspian ones (1.4). In my opinion, these differences have
not enough significance to describe a new subspecies.
Weak morphological differences between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea popula-
tions show that the period of their separation (in evolutional notion) is quite short. That
event might take place in the times of one of the latest connections between these
basins, the Old Euxine Lake Sea and the Khazar Lake Sea, remote from our time by
ca. 250 thousand years (Moðäóõàé-Áîëòîâñêîé, 1960).
The genus Cryptocyclopina represents the specifically marine family Cyclopinidae,
which was not known from the Caspian Sea before our studies, and whose representa-
tives rarely live in brackish waters. In this case, Cryptocyclopina undoubtedly is of the
373The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina…
marine origin (Moí÷åíêî, 1979). Of the two basins, where the genus Cryptocyclopina
now is known from, the Black Sea probably was not its native basin, where this genus
evolved, because of the often changes of connection and isolation from the western
Mediterranean and sharp salinity fluctuations.
Deep morphological peculiarities of this genus show its long formation. Immigra-
tion of ancestors of C. inopinata into the Caspian basin is believed to take place up to
the to Akchagyl period in the history of Caspian Sea, on the boundary of the Middle
and Upper Pliocene. At this time the endemic Caspian fauna started to be formed from
its non-numerous initial forms, immigrated from the western Mediterranean either
through the predecessors of the Black Sea basin or through lakes of the Near Asia as
Ya. I. Starobogatov assumed (Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ, 1970) for malacofauna of the Akchagyl
Lake Sea. The geological time gone from those periods is believed to be quite enough
for the initial forms to evolve, and to form new, endemic species and genera. Any chan-
ges of salinity and ionic composition of water in the Caspian basin are believed to have
rather unfavorable influence on these sea immigrants. In the terms of zoogeography,
now this species must be regarded as Ponto-Caspian endemic and the relict of the
Akchagyl Lake Sea.
Ìîí÷åíêî Â. È. Cryptocyclopina inopinata gen. et sp. n. (Crustacea, Copepoda) èç èíòåðñòèöèàëè
Êàñïèéñêîãî ìîðÿ // Çîîë. æóðí. — 1979. — 58, âûï. 10. — Ñ. 1470—1477.
Ìîðäóõàé-Áîëòîâñêîé Ô. Ä. Êàñïèéñêàÿ ôàóíà â Àçîâî-×åðíîìîðñêîì áàññåéíå. — Ì. ; Ë. : Èçä-âî
ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, 1960. — 286 ñ.
Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ ß. È. Ôàóíà ìîëëþñêîâ è çîîãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå ðàéîíèðîâàíèå êîí-òèíåíòàëüíûõ
âîäîåìîâ. — Ë. : Íàóêà, 1970. — 372 c.
374 V. I. Monchenko
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-9307 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:15:12Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Monchenko, V.I. 2010-06-29T16:15:05Z 2010-06-29T16:15:05Z 2006 The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea / V.I. Monchenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2006. — Т. 40, № 4. — С. 371-274. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/9307 595.34(262.5) Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979 described from the Caspian Sea 
 
 (vicinity of
 Kayakent and Novokayakent) is recorded (also from an interstitial biotope) 
 
 for the first time from the
 Black Sea (Georgia, vicinity of Sukhumi) and briefly redescribed. Certain 
 
 differences of these females
 from the Caspian ones are shown. The problems of origin and relationships 
 
 of the Caspian and Black
 Sea populations C. inopinata are discussed. This species is considered now 
 
 as Ponto-Caspian endemic
 in the terms of zoogeography. Вид Cryptocyclopina inopinata Monchenko, 1979, описанный ранее из 
 
 Каспийского моря (окрестности Каякента и Новокаякента) как эндемик, впервые 
 
 обнаружен (тоже в интер-стициальном биотопе) в Черном море (окрестности 
 
 Сухуми, Грузия). Представлено краткое иллюстрированное переописание. 
 
 Показаны некоторые отличительные признаки описанных самок от каспийских 
 
 особей. Обсуждаются проблемы происхождения и связи каспийских и 
 
 черноморских популяций. В зоогеографических терминах ныне этот вид и род 
 
 должен рассматриваться как понто-каспийский эндемик. en Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Краткие сообщения The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea Каспийский эндемичный род Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) в Черном море Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea Monchenko, V.I. Краткие сообщения |
| title | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea |
| title_alt | Каспийский эндемичный род Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) в Черном море |
| title_full | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea |
| title_fullStr | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea |
| title_short | The Caspian Endemic Genus Cryptocyclopina (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Black Sea |
| title_sort | caspian endemic genus cryptocyclopina (crustacea, copepoda) in the black sea |
| topic | Краткие сообщения |
| topic_facet | Краткие сообщения |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/9307 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT monchenkovi thecaspianendemicgenuscryptocyclopinacrustaceacopepodaintheblacksea AT monchenkovi kaspiiskiiéndemičnyirodcryptocyclopinacrustaceacopepodavčernommore AT monchenkovi caspianendemicgenuscryptocyclopinacrustaceacopepodaintheblacksea |