Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment
Приведены результаты расчетно-экспериментальной оценки остаточных напряжений в компонентах, полученных соединениемкомпозита (углерод, упрочненный углеродными волокнами) с медью. Установлено, что импульсная электромагнитная обработка соединения уменьшает уровень остаточных напряжений. Наведено резуль...
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Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України
2011
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| Cite this: | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment / G.V. Stepanov, A.I. Babutskii, I.A.Mameev, M. Ferraris, V. Casalegno, M. Salvo // Проблемы прочности. — 2011. — № 6. — С. 71-82. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860248011305648128 |
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| author | Stepanov, G.V. Babutskii, A.I. Mameev, I.A. Ferraris, M. Casalegno, V. Salvo, M. |
| author_facet | Stepanov, G.V. Babutskii, A.I. Mameev, I.A. Ferraris, M. Casalegno, V. Salvo, M. |
| citation_txt | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment / G.V. Stepanov, A.I. Babutskii, I.A.Mameev, M. Ferraris, V. Casalegno, M. Salvo // Проблемы прочности. — 2011. — № 6. — С. 71-82. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Проблемы прочности |
| description | Приведены результаты расчетно-экспериментальной оценки остаточных напряжений в компонентах, полученных соединениемкомпозита (углерод, упрочненный углеродными волокнами) с медью. Установлено, что импульсная электромагнитная обработка соединения уменьшает уровень остаточных напряжений.
Наведено результати розрахунково-експериментальної оцінки залишкових напружень у компонентах, що отримані з’єднуванням композита (вуглець, зміцнений вуглецевими волокнами) з міддю. Установлено, що імпульсна електромагнітна обробка з’єднання зменшує рівень залишкових напружень.
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UDC 539.3; 537.39
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites
Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic
Treatment
G. V. Stepanov,
a
A. I. Babutskii,
a
I. A. Mameev,
a
M. Ferraris,
b
V. Casalegno,
b
and M. Salvo
b
a Pisarenko Institute of Problems of Strength, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kiev, Ukraine
b Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Politecnico di Torino, Torino,
Italy
ÓÄÊ 539.3; 537.39
Îöåíêà îñòàòî÷íûõ íàïðÿæåíèé â ñîåäèíåíèè óãëåðîäíûé
êîìïîçèò–ìåäü äî è ïîñëå èìïóëüñíîé ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîé
îáðàáîòêè
Ã. Â. Ñòåïàíîâ
a
, A. È. Áàáóöêèé
a
, È. À. Màìååâ
a
, M. Ôåððàðèñ
á
,
Â. Êàñàëåãíî
á
, M. Ñàëâî
á
a Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì ïðî÷íîñòè èì. Ã. Ñ. Ïèñàðåíêî ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû, Êèåâ, Óêðàèíà
á Òóðèíñêèé ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò, Òóðèí, Èòàëèÿ
Ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòíî-ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé îöåíêè îñòàòî÷íûõ íàïðÿæåíèé â êîì-
ïîíåíòàõ, ïîëó÷åííûõ ñîåäèíåíèåì êîìïîçèòà (óãëåðîä, óïðî÷íåííûé óãëåðîäíûìè âîëîêíàìè)
ñ ìåäüþ. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî èìïóëüñíàÿ ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíàÿ îáðàáîòêà ñîåäèíåíèÿ óìåíüøàåò
óðîâåíü îñòàòî÷íûõ íàïðÿæåíèé.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ñîåäèíåíèå êîìïîçèò–ìåäü, îñòàòî÷íûå íàïðÿæåíèÿ, èìïóëüñ-
íûé ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé òîê.
Introduction. The influence of tensile residual stresses (RS) on thermal and
mechanical fatigue of structural elements is well known [1, 2]. In accordance with
numerous experimental data, a pulsed electric current treatment (PECT) considerably
influences stress relaxation in metals under active loading (elongation) [3–5], as
well as the RS of type 1 and type 2 originated after metal-shaping [6]; some data
about pulse electromagnetic treatment for reduction of welding RS are available
[7].
Pulse electric current treatment has been proposed by authors as a simple
technology for reducing RS in joined metal-composite components [8]. The PECT
is cost-effective; the process can be done at room temperature by using simple
equipments. In [8], the results of experimental evaluation of PECT influence on the
reduction of RS in composite-to-copper joint with a flat tile design was discussed.
© G. V. STEPANOV, A. I. BABUTSKII, I. A. MAMEEV, M. FERRARIS, V. CASALEGNO, M. SALVO,
2011
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6 71
This paper presents the results of an experimental determination of RS
evolution during pulse electro-magnetic field (PEMF) in a composite-to-copper
joint produced by inserting a copper alloy tube inside a block of carbon fiber
reinforced carbon composite (CFC). The joined component has a monoblock type
design to be used for the International thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER).
The ITER design comprises the divertor, which is the part of the fusion reactor
with the highest thermal load. The heat transfer in the divertor occurs between the
plasma facing components (PFCs) and the heat sink. In some parts of the divertor
the PFC that acts as protective material (armor) for the reactor structure is carbon
fiber reinforced carbon composite and the heat sink is made of CuCrZr alloy. The
CFC is joined to the heat sink by the introduction of an intermediate ductile layer,
to reduce the high stresses arising from large mismatch of coefficients of thermal
expansion (CTE) between the composite and the copper alloy [CTECFC �
� � � �( . . )0 7 13 10 6 K�1 and CTECuCrZr � � � �( )16 17 10 6 K�1] [8]. The compliant
layer (about 1 mm thick) is a oxygen-free high conductivity (OFHC) copper.
The RS at the interfaces can limit the performance of the component during
high heat flux (HHF) tests and reduce the life-time of the heat-sink/armor joint. As
a consequence, the study of RS at the metal/ceramic interface and their reduction is
mandatory to improve the behavior in service of the component. Two geometric
configurations have been studied for the armour/heat sink component: flat-tile and
monoblock [9, 10]. The second one is the reference geometry for ITER and
comprises a heat sink shaped like a pipe passing through a hole in CFC tiles.
Because of its design the monoblock seems to be affected by higher thermal
stresses during manufacturing process than flat-tile, as discussed in [9].
To investigate RS in the composite joined to copper and determine PEMF
influence on change of RS, several monoblock specimens were manufactured by
two different techniques (monoblock types 1 and 2) for the present paper. The
thermal induced stresses in the specimens have been calculated by considering the
maximum temperature reached by each specimen during its preparation (brazing
T � �970 C in case of monoblock type 1 and T � �1200 C in case of monoblock
type 2).
Composite–Copper Monoblock Manufacturing. In general the monoblock
is obtained by drilling blocks of CFC into which a CuCrZr tube is inserted and
joined; a thin layer (about 1mm) of pure copper is required between carbon
composites and copper alloy, in order to relax high joint interface stress. In the
present investigation, two types of monoblocks were manufactured by using CFC
blocks and pure copper tubes instead of complete monoblocks with CFC/pure Cu
and CuCrZr pipes.
Monoblocks of Type 1. The CFC–Cu monoblock specimens (Fig. 1) were
manufactured by using Cu pipes (0.75 mm thick and outer diameter of 8 mm)
inserted in CFC blocks of 15 15� mm cross section and 13 mm length. CFC NB31
manufactured by SNECMA Propulsion Solide (France) via European Fusion
Development Agreement, OFHC copper pipe from Goodfellow (USA) were used.
The process foresees the CFC surface modification through Cr and then brazing
with a commercial non-active brazing alloy, the Gemco® [87.75 wt.% Cu, 12 wt.%
Ge and 0.25 wt.% Ni; Wesgo Metals (USA)]. The modified surface is the inner
hole in the CFC; the modification process consists of chromium powder deposited
G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutskii, I. A. Mameev, et al.
72 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6
by slurry technique on the CFC and then a thermal treatment (T � �1300 C; 1 h; in
vacuum) to obtain a continuous layer of chromium carbides through solid state
reaction (Cr23C6, Cr7C3) [11]; this layer was proved to be wettable by non-active
brazing alloy as Gemco alloy [12]. Three foils of Gemco alloy (foil thickness 60 µm)
were used to join CFC to the Cu pipe and Cu to CuCrZr (pipe); the components
used for the experimental work comprise only the CFC tile joined to pure Cu pipe.
The joining process was called “one-step brazing” process. More details on this
process are given in [13]. Microstructural investigations, as well as shear tests,
were performed to investigate the mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance
of the joints. Results are reported elsewhere [14].
Morphological analysis of joined specimens shows crack-free interfaces and
continuous bonding at metal–ceramic interface (Fig. 1). The Cr-carbide coating on
CFC surface is clearly visible in the resulting microstructure and it allows a good
wettability with the brazing alloy.
Monoblocks of Type 2. The second type of CFC–Cu monoblock specimens
(Fig. 2) was made using a different process. The CFC NB31 composite with
26 26� mm cross section was drilled to obtain the hole with a diameter of 18 mm.
The as-prepared specimens were submitted to surface modification on the inner
side of the hole as described above. The OFHC copper was cast onto the
Cr-modified surface. The main problem of casting pure copper into a not-flat
geometry is the significant shrinkage of Cu when solidification occurs; as a
consequence stresses at CFC–Cu interface increase drastically.
In order to reduce thermal stress by counterbalancing the copper shrinkage, a
graphite cylinder was put inside the hole before Cu casting; copper was positioned
in a form of foil in the annulus; heat treatment was performed in tubular furnace at
temperature above copper melting point Tmelting (1200�C for 20 min in argon
atmosphere). Then the graphite cylinder was removed by machining and the
monoblock was cut into several pieces of 4 mm thickness for further investigation
of the RS. Microstructural analysis of obtained specimens shows crack-free
interface and good continuous bonding at metal–composite interface (Fig. 2).
PEMF Treatment and Evaluation of the RS Changes in the Monoblocks of
Type 1. In [8], the CFC–Cu flat-tile specimens were manufactured according to
method described for type 2, but with a flat geometry, which is assumed to be
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components ...
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6 73
Fig. 1. CFC-Cu monoblock of type 1 with glued strain gauge (on the left). SEM image of the cross
section of a CFC–Cu joint: the chromium carbide modified CFC-brazing alloy interface (on the
right).
different in terms of RS from the curved one. In [8], the direct current (PECT) was
used for investigation of the RS relaxation. In the present work, a treatment of the
monoblocks of type 1 was done using induced (eddy) currents originating from
PEMF. Four monoblocks of type 1 (two as-prepared and two treated by PEMF)
have been tested.
Before the treatment a cylindrical steel rod was inserted into a hole of the
monoblock and then a pulsed current was passed through the rod (Fig. 3). As a
result, pulsed magnetic field of the passing current induces the eddy currents in
Cu-layer of the monoblock. The treatment was performed by using pulse electric
current generator consisting of high voltage power supply, capacitor banks and
discharge switch; registration of the pulse electric current parameters was realized
using the Rogovsky coil, high frequency A/D converter and PC where data were
stored and processed [15]. Registered “current-time” dependence is presented in
Fig. 4. Two short sequential pulses of the electric current with the maximum
amplitude of I max �80 kA were passed through the steel rod.
74 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6
G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutskii, I. A. Mameev, et al.
Fig. 2. CFC–Cu monoblock of type 2 (on the left). SEM image of the cross section of a CFC–Cu
joint: the chromium carbide modified CFC–cast Cu interface (on the right).
Fig. 3. The scheme of PEMF treatment of the monoblock specimens.
Influence of PEMF treatment on the RS in the CFC–Cu joints was investigated
by comparison of specimens’ behavior before and after the treatment. As in [8], the
destructive method for determination of changes in RS distribution was chosen at
the fulfillment of this investigation. According to the method, controlled step-by-
step removal or slitting (successive extension of a slot) of the material from the one
side and registration of corresponding elastic deformations on the other side is
used. The measured deformation at a given point in the material depends on all the
stresses within the removed material [16]. The simplest way to determine such
relationship is using the finite element method (FEM) simulation. In our case,
changes of RS distribution in CFC-layer before and after PEMF treatment can be
determined by analyzing the differences in dependences of strain changes under
step-by-step slitting of CFC and congruous measuring of the strains at the adjacent
face (Fig. 5).
One 5-mm strain gauge was glued before the tests on the CFC face of each
monoblock (Fig. 1). Data on gauge strains and their signal variation under slitting
(slot width B �1 mm) were obtained using commercial ICP CON I-7016P module.
Using ICP CON I-7520 (RS 232) module, the above data were transferred into a PC.
Experimental data and simulation results were used to evaluate changes of RS
in CFC–Cu monoblocks caused by PEMF treatment. It includes slitting, as well as
FEM simulation based on ANSYS-ED package. Finite element scheme used under
modeling of formation of the RS, as well as slitting of monoblocks, is presented in
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6 75
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components ...
Fig. 4. Registered pulsed current passing through the cylindrical rod (U � 4 kV, C � 600 �F).
Fig. 5. Finite element scheme of CFC–Cu monoblock used for FEM simulation.
Fig. 5; real sizes of the monoblock are used. Calculations were carried out
assuming that mechanical and thermo-physical properties of the CFC and copper
(yield stress, the Young modulus, Poisson’s ratio, density, thermal expansion,
specific heat, thermal conductivity) change linearly depending on temperature
according to data mentioned in earlier work [8].
Simulation of RS formation processes at the brazing temperature was
performed. Then the stress-strain state changes under slitting of CFC-layer were
also simulated.
The stress-strain state of the specimen was calculated at plane deformation
condition for zero initial stresses. The temperature was taken as 1000�C, then
cooling under convection heat exchange with the environment through an external
layer of CFC was simulated.
In Fig. 6, the distribution of the RS along x-axis (axis orientation is given in
Fig. 5) is presented; from equilibrium condition the average tensile stress Cu in
the Cu-layer having a thickness of bCu and the average compressive stress CFC
in the CFC-layer having a thickness of bCFC are interrelated:
CFC CFC Cu Cub b� . (1)
According to the calculation results, the average compressive stress CFC is
about 13 MPa, the average tensile stress Cu is about 55 ÌPà and Eq. (1) is valid.
Noteworthy is that distribution of residual stresses y in Cu- and CFC-layers in
circumferential direction is essentially nonuniform due to the rectangular contour
of the CFC-layer.
The second part of simulation involved step-by-step slitting of CFC-layer with
an increment of 1 mm. Slitting was simulated by eliminating the finite elements in
the CFC part of the FEM model (Fig. 5). Elastic behavior of materials under
slitting is supposed. Calculated strains on the face adjacent to the slot and
corresponding to the strain gauge location are presented in Fig. 7 by a solid line.
As it follows from the results of numerical simulation, the slitting of CFC
with 1 mm width in the middle of the face causes a reduction of compressive
stresses on the adjacent face (below the gauge location, Fig. 5). Calculated
dependence of the change of strains against the slot depth in the measuring point
agree quite well with experimental data obtained using strain gauge for mono-
76 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6
G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutskii, I. A. Mameev, et al.
Fig. 6. Simulation of the distribution of residual stresses y along the symmetry axis x in the
monoblock of type 1 after brazing and cooling.
blocks in the initial condition (without PEMF treatment), Fig. 7. This is an
evidence of a correctness of the model and properties of the materials used under
the simulation.
According to the experimental data given in Fig. 7, the induced current causes
a reduction of compressive strains of 77%. It means that compressive stresses in
CFC-layer, as well as tensile stresses in Cu-layer [in compliance with Eq. (1)], are
reduced in the same proportion after the treatment. Thus, the PEMF treatment with
used current parameters causes a substantial reduction of RS in the monoblock.
Kinetics of this change is a result of some effects: an action of ponderomotive
forces within passing of pulsed current; a thermal expansion caused by the Joule
heating; and a drop of resistance to deformation of Cu caused by an nonthermal
effect of induced pulsed current (electroplastic effect) [3–5].
Numerical modeling of PEMF treatment of the monoblock without RS was
undertaken to estimate the effects of some of the above-mentioned factors. Main
calculations were fulfilled using a simplified model of the monoblock with the
cylindrical steel rod inserted into the monoblock CFC tile holes (plane axisymmetric
model with 15 mm outer diameter of CFC-layer). Additionally, a 3D model of
monoblock with a rod inserted into the tile holes (Fig. 3) was used in the
simulation to clarify the features of distribution of eddy currents under the PEMF
treatment.
Variation of the current in the cylindrical rod under the treatment was taken in a
form of decaying sinusoid: I t I t t( ) exp( )sin( )� �0 2
�
(I 0 is a nominal amplitude
of the passing current and
��100 s is a cycle of variation). Value of current I
for registered current’s pattern (Fig. 4) was defined using the maximum of
registered amplitude in accordance to an expression I I0 1282� . max (I max �80 kA).
According to results of the 3D simulation, passage of the pulsed current
through the central rod induces eddy currents in the copper tube. These are
oriented along the contour of cross section of the copper tube (Fig. 3). The
amplitude of a full current in the copper corresponds to the current amplitude in the
central rod. On the other hand, density of the eddy currents near the inner surface
of the copper tube is higher than that near its outer surface and much higher than
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6 77
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components ...
Fig. 7. Strain variation below the gauge at slitting with 1-mm width of as-manufactured (without
PEMF treatment) monoblock of type 1 (simulation – solid line and experiment – solid symbols) and
monoblock type 1 after PEMF treatment (open symbols). Experimental points are the data averaging
for two pairs (untreated and treated by PEMF) of monoblocks.
the maximum current density in the steel rod. The eddy currents in CFC-layer are
much lower than in Cu-layer, and their effect is neglected.
Variation of the circumferential stresses in the monoblock follows from results
of the simulation based on a plane axisymmetric model of the monoblock
accounting effects of ponderomotive forces and heating (Fig. 8).
At the starting stage (near
2) the circumferential tensile stresses y �11MPa
act in Cu-layer as a result of its radial expansion caused by the ponderomotive
forces. In a subsequent period, the compressive stresses originated from an increase
of the temperature in Cu-layer caused by the Joule heating (about 5�C) are retained
there. They act up to complete cooling and then they disappear. Thus, effects of the
ponderomotive forces and the Joule heating cannot influence substantially the RS
redistribution in the monoblock.
Taking into account the lack of effects from ponderomotive forces and the
Joule heating on the change of RS (the last was stated in the experiments), it
should be concluded that the main contribution to stress reduction by the PEMF
treatment is due to the athermal effect of induced pulsed current (electroplastic
effect, [3–5]). The obtained results are comparable with those reported in [8]; the
effect of pulse electric treatment causes a decrease in stress distribution.
Evaluation of the RS Changes in the Monoblocks of Type 2. As for the
monoblocks of type 1, simulation of the RS formation during the manufacturing
stage was performed for monoblocks of type 2: the model included the outer
CFC-layer with dimensions of 26 26� mm and central hole of 18 mm, the tubular
Cu-layer with outer diameter of 18 mm and wall thickness of 1.5 mm and
additional cylindrical element with outer diameter of 15 mm inserted in the
monoblock. The properties of the cylinder were the same as for the outer
CFC-layer.
The stress-strain state of the specimen was calculated for zero initial stresses.
It was specified that the initial temperature of the materials was assumed to be
1000�C. Then cooling under convection heat exchange with an environment
through the external contour of the outer CFC-layer was modeled. After that, the
cutoff of the inner cylinder was modeled. The results of the modeling showed that
final RS distribution in the monoblock of type 2 is similar to the distribution
presented in Fig. 6 for monoblocks of type 1, but the average compressive stress
78 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6
G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutskii, I. A. Mameev, et al.
Fig. 8. Time variation of circumferential stresses y near CFC–Cu interface: (1) Cu; (2) CFC.
is about 12 ÌPà and the average tensile stress Cu is about 32 ÌPà, thus slightly
lower than for type 1.
To validate the correctness of the model and properties of the materials used at
the simulation of monoblock of type 2, the modeling of step-by-step slitting of
CFC-layer of the monoblock with an increment of 1 mm was done (by analogy
with monoblock of type 1). The modeling was carried out at plane stress condition
for as-manufactured (without PEMF treatment) monoblock (type 2). Calculated
dependence of the strain change below the gauge at slitting, as well as experimental
data for monoblock of type 2 with 4-mm thickness, are presented in Fig. 9, which
is comparable to Fig. 7 for type 1, since in this case it is also referred to
“as-received” monoblock, not treated by PEMF.
The experimental data were obtained by using the same technique as above
for the monoblock of type 1. Satisfactory data fitting testifies a correctness of the
model and properties of the materials used under the simulation.
By comparing Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 it can be seen that the two manufacturing
methods (type 1 and type 2) do not differ in terms of RS in CFC layer.
In order to investigate if the RS generated during manufacturing of mono-
blocks of type 2 (tensile circumferential stresses in the Cu-layer and compressive
circumferential stresses in the CFC-layer) can influence their stress state under
operational thermal shock (T � �1000 C), the results of qualitative evaluation of
thermal shock based on numerical simulation are presented below.
The model corresponding to the plane strain condition was used. Thermal
loading of the monoblock simulating the operation conditions was determined as
follows: only the outer surfaces of CFC were heated (T � �1000 C) and calculations
were carried out accepting the same mechanical and thermo-physical properties of
the materials as above in case of monoblocks of type 1.
Thermal loading of the monoblock of type 2 which simulated the operational
thermal shock was determined as follows: the outer surfaces of CFC were heated
by thermal shock up to 1000�C; the inner surface of Cu-tube was held at room
temperature. Numerical modeling was done at two variants of initial conditions:
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6 79
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components ...
Fig. 9. Strain variation below the gauge at slitting with 1-mm width of as-manufactured (without
PEMF treatment) monoblock of type 2 (modeling – open symbols and experiment – solid symbols).
One untreated monoblock of type 2 was used for the experimental work.
(1) the RS obtained at modeling of the manufacturing stage for the mono-
blocks of type 2 were used;
(2) zero initial stresses (absence of any RS) in the monoblock were used.
The results of modeling are presented in Fig. 10 and they show the difference
in stress state of monoblock of type 2 depending on initial conditions (with or
without RS) under simulated operational thermal shock: at CFC–Cu interface the
tensile stresses in CFC for monoblock with the RS are about 24 MPa and without
the RS are about 19 MPa (20% lower). As it follows from distributions of stresses
(Fig. 10), the total stress intensity of monoblock without RS is also lower; the trend
of this curve is different from that in Fig. 6, since these data refer to monoblock
under operational thermal shock.
Conclusions. A qualitative description of RS induced by manufacturing route
used for the monoblocks of type 1 (the one-step process, brazing technique) and
type 2 (casting technique) has been performed. According to results of the
modeling, the final RS distribution in the monoblock of type 2 is comparable with
the distribution for monoblocks of type 1.
The influence of PEMF treatment on RS in the monoblock of type 1 has been
studied. Previous investigation of direct passage of pulsed current through the flat
tile CFC–Cu joint [8], as well as present results of PEMF treatment of the CFC–Cu
monoblocks, confirm a substantial elimination of the RS originated in the joints at
the manufacturing stage.
Furthermore, preliminary studies on stress state on thermally shocked mono-
block of type 2 with RS (in the as-manufactured conditions) and without RS have
been carried out. Elimination of the RS in monoblocks of type 2 results in
reduction of the total stress intensity of the monoblocks under operation and it can
increase their durability and lifetime. Additional work is required to compare the
manufacturing route used for monoblocks of types 1 and 2 in terms of RS after
simulated thermal shock.
Further investigations should address microstructural changes in CFC-to-
copper joint after the treatment performed, as well as confirmation of PEMF
treatment effect on durability and life of monoblocks under cyclic thermal loading.
80 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6
G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutskii, I. A. Mameev, et al.
Fig. 10. Distribution of y stresses along the symmetry axis x in the monoblock of type 2 under
operational thermal shock: solid line – monoblock with RS, dashed line – monoblock without RS.
This work was supported in part by the EU Network of Excellence project
Knowledge-based Multicomponent Materials for Durable and Safe Performance
(KMM-NoE) under the contract No. NMP3-CT-2004-502243.
Ð å ç þ ì å
Íàâåäåíî ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçðàõóíêîâî-åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî¿ îö³íêè çàëèøêîâèõ íà-
ïðóæåíü ó êîìïîíåíòàõ, ùî îòðèìàí³ ç’ºäíóâàííÿì êîìïîçèòà (âóãëåöü, çì³ö-
íåíèé âóãëåöåâèìè âîëîêíàìè) ç ì³ääþ. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ³ìïóëüñíà åëåêòðî-
ìàãí³òíà îáðîáêà ç’ºäíàííÿ çìåíøóº ð³âåíü çàëèøêîâèõ íàïðóæåíü.
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ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6 81
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components ...
13. M. Salvo, V. Casalegno, S. Rizzo, et al., “One-step brazing process to join
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Received 17. 11. 2010
82 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2011, ¹ 6
G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutskii, I. A. Mameev, et al.
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| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0556-171X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:39:18Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Stepanov, G.V. Babutskii, A.I. Mameev, I.A. Ferraris, M. Casalegno, V. Salvo, M. 2016-02-20T16:29:19Z 2016-02-20T16:29:19Z 2011 Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment / G.V. Stepanov, A.I. Babutskii, I.A.Mameev, M. Ferraris, V. Casalegno, M. Salvo // Проблемы прочности. — 2011. — № 6. — С. 71-82. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. 0556-171X https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/95271 539.3; 537.39 Приведены результаты расчетно-экспериментальной оценки остаточных напряжений в компонентах, полученных соединениемкомпозита (углерод, упрочненный углеродными волокнами) с медью. Установлено, что импульсная электромагнитная обработка соединения уменьшает уровень остаточных напряжений. Наведено результати розрахунково-експериментальної оцінки залишкових напружень у компонентах, що отримані з’єднуванням композита (вуглець, зміцнений вуглецевими волокнами) з міддю. Установлено, що імпульсна електромагнітна обробка з’єднання зменшує рівень залишкових напружень. en Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України Проблемы прочности Научно-технический раздел Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment Оценка остаточных напряжений в соединении углеродный композит–медь до и после импульсной электромагнитной обработки Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment Stepanov, G.V. Babutskii, A.I. Mameev, I.A. Ferraris, M. Casalegno, V. Salvo, M. Научно-технический раздел |
| title | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment |
| title_alt | Оценка остаточных напряжений в соединении углеродный композит–медь до и после импульсной электромагнитной обработки |
| title_full | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment |
| title_short | Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Carbon/Carbon Composites Components Joined to Copper before and after Pulse Electromagnetic Treatment |
| title_sort | evaluation of residual stresses in carbon/carbon composites components joined to copper before and after pulse electromagnetic treatment |
| topic | Научно-технический раздел |
| topic_facet | Научно-технический раздел |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/95271 |
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