Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation

There were provided the comparative investigations of the efficiency of optical absorption centers formation in magnesium aluminates spinel (single crystals and ceramics) at the influence of high energy gamma or electron beams. It was revealed that at gamma irradiation in the single crystals and c...

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Опубліковано в: :Вопросы атомной науки и техники
Дата:2009
Автори: Gokov, S.P., Gritsyna, V.T., Kasilov, V.I., Kochetov, S.S., Kazarinov, Yu.G.
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Мова:English
Опубліковано: Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України 2009
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Цитувати:Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation / S.P. Gokov, V.T. Gritsyna, V.I. Kasilov, S.S. Kochetov, Yu.G. Kazarinov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 5. — С. 81-84. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ.

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-96511
record_format dspace
spelling Gokov, S.P.
Gritsyna, V.T.
Kasilov, V.I.
Kochetov, S.S.
Kazarinov, Yu.G.
2016-03-17T20:34:29Z
2016-03-17T20:34:29Z
2009
Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation / S.P. Gokov, V.T. Gritsyna, V.I. Kasilov, S.S. Kochetov, Yu.G. Kazarinov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 5. — С. 81-84. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ.
1562-6016
PACS: 61. 80.
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/96511
There were provided the comparative investigations of the efficiency of optical absorption centers formation in magnesium aluminates spinel (single crystals and ceramics) at the influence of high energy gamma or electron beams. It was revealed that at gamma irradiation in the single crystals and ceramics the most probably the hole centers are formed which were created primarily at growth defects: cationic vacancies and anti-site defects. After electron irradiation of different fluences in absorption spectra there were observed bands related to hole centers (defects in the cationic sub-lattice) which practically does not change, while the concentration of electron centers (defects in the anion sub-lattice) grows proportionally to the electron fluence.
Виконано порiвняльнi дослiдження ефективностi створення оптичних центрiв поглинання в магнiй- алюмiнiєвiй шпiнелi (монокристалiв та керамiки) пiд дiєю високоенергетичних гама-квантiв та електронiв. Показано, що гама-опромiнення монокристалiв та керамiки призводить переважно до створення дiркових центрiв, якi формуються на ростових дефектах: катiонних вакансiях та дефектах анти-структури. Пiсля електронного опромiнення рiзними флюенсами в спектрах поглинання спостерiгаються смуги, зумовленi дiрковими центрами (дефекти в катiоннiй пiдгратцi), концентрацiя яких практично не змiнилась, в той час як концентрацiя електронних центрiв (дефекти в анiоннiй пiдгратцi) росте пропорцiйно флюєнсу електронiв.
Проведены сравнительные исследования эффективности образования оптических центров поглощения в магний-алюминиевой шпинели (монокристаллов и керамики) при воздействии высокоэнергетических гамма-квантов и электронов. Установлено, что гамма облучение монокристаллов и керамики приводит преимущественно к образованию дырочных центров, которые формируются на ростовых дефектах: катионных вакансиях и дефектах антиструктуры. После электронного облучения до различных флюенсов в спектрах поглощения наблюдаются полосы, обусловленные дырочными центрами (дефекты в катионной подрешетке), концентрация которых практически не изменилась, в то время как концентрация электронных центров (дефектов в анионной подрешетке) растет пропорционально флюенсу электронов.
en
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
Вопросы атомной науки и техники
Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных
Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
Ефективнiсть утворення дефектiв в шпiнелi пiд дiєю високоенергетичних електронiв та гама-квантiв
Эффективность образования дефектов в шпинели под воздействием высокоэнергетичных электронов и гамма-квантов
Article
published earlier
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
title Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
spellingShingle Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
Gokov, S.P.
Gritsyna, V.T.
Kasilov, V.I.
Kochetov, S.S.
Kazarinov, Yu.G.
Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных
title_short Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
title_full Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
title_fullStr Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
title_full_unstemmed Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
title_sort efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation
author Gokov, S.P.
Gritsyna, V.T.
Kasilov, V.I.
Kochetov, S.S.
Kazarinov, Yu.G.
author_facet Gokov, S.P.
Gritsyna, V.T.
Kasilov, V.I.
Kochetov, S.S.
Kazarinov, Yu.G.
topic Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных
topic_facet Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных
publishDate 2009
language English
container_title Вопросы атомной науки и техники
publisher Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
format Article
title_alt Ефективнiсть утворення дефектiв в шпiнелi пiд дiєю високоенергетичних електронiв та гама-квантiв
Эффективность образования дефектов в шпинели под воздействием высокоэнергетичных электронов и гамма-квантов
description There were provided the comparative investigations of the efficiency of optical absorption centers formation in magnesium aluminates spinel (single crystals and ceramics) at the influence of high energy gamma or electron beams. It was revealed that at gamma irradiation in the single crystals and ceramics the most probably the hole centers are formed which were created primarily at growth defects: cationic vacancies and anti-site defects. After electron irradiation of different fluences in absorption spectra there were observed bands related to hole centers (defects in the cationic sub-lattice) which practically does not change, while the concentration of electron centers (defects in the anion sub-lattice) grows proportionally to the electron fluence. Виконано порiвняльнi дослiдження ефективностi створення оптичних центрiв поглинання в магнiй- алюмiнiєвiй шпiнелi (монокристалiв та керамiки) пiд дiєю високоенергетичних гама-квантiв та електронiв. Показано, що гама-опромiнення монокристалiв та керамiки призводить переважно до створення дiркових центрiв, якi формуються на ростових дефектах: катiонних вакансiях та дефектах анти-структури. Пiсля електронного опромiнення рiзними флюенсами в спектрах поглинання спостерiгаються смуги, зумовленi дiрковими центрами (дефекти в катiоннiй пiдгратцi), концентрацiя яких практично не змiнилась, в той час як концентрацiя електронних центрiв (дефекти в анiоннiй пiдгратцi) росте пропорцiйно флюєнсу електронiв. Проведены сравнительные исследования эффективности образования оптических центров поглощения в магний-алюминиевой шпинели (монокристаллов и керамики) при воздействии высокоэнергетических гамма-квантов и электронов. Установлено, что гамма облучение монокристаллов и керамики приводит преимущественно к образованию дырочных центров, которые формируются на ростовых дефектах: катионных вакансиях и дефектах антиструктуры. После электронного облучения до различных флюенсов в спектрах поглощения наблюдаются полосы, обусловленные дырочными центрами (дефекты в катионной подрешетке), концентрация которых практически не изменилась, в то время как концентрация электронных центров (дефектов в анионной подрешетке) растет пропорционально флюенсу электронов.
issn 1562-6016
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/96511
citation_txt Efficiency of defects formation in spinel under high energy electron and gamma beam irradiation / S.P. Gokov, V.T. Gritsyna, V.I. Kasilov, S.S. Kochetov, Yu.G. Kazarinov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 5. — С. 81-84. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ.
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last_indexed 2025-11-26T06:13:31Z
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fulltext EFFICIENCY OF DEFECTS FORMATION IN SPINEL UNDER HIGH ENERGY ELECTRON AND GAMMA BEAM IRRADIATION S.P. Gokov1∗, V.T. Gritsyna2, V.I. Kasilov1 S.S. Kochetov1, Yu.G. Kazarinov 2 1National Science Center ”Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine 2V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine (Received July 16, 2009) There were provided the comparative investigations of the efficiency of optical absorption centers formation in mag- nesium aluminates spinel (single crystals and ceramics) at the influence of high energy gamma or electron beams. It was revealed that at gamma irradiation in the single crystals and ceramics the most probably the hole centers are formed which were created primarily at growth defects: cationic vacancies and anti-site defects. After electron irradiation of different fluences in absorption spectra there were observed bands related to hole centers (defects in the cationic sub-lattice) which practically does not change, while the concentration of electron centers (defects in the anion sub-lattice) grows proportionally to the electron fluence. PACS: 61. 80. 1. INTRODUCTION Magnesium aluminates spinel, MgAl2O4, (hereafter termed ”spinel”) is highly radiation resistant material and is prospective for use in nuclear reactors as fuel forms, as inert matrix for transmutation of actinides, in fusion reactors as insulators for magnetic coils and windows for radiofrequency plasma heating [1, 2]. In all indicated cases this material w frequently will un- dergo to irradiation of different nature and intensity. Because single crystals are restricted in size and pro- duction is very expensive the development of ceramic technology of this material is now in progress [3, 4]. Therefore, the comparison of influence of irradiation on the properties of single crystals and ceramics is issue of the day. One of the most successful processes for producing optical quality spinel ceramics is hot- pressing technique of spinel powder doped with LiF [5, 6]. The variations of processing condition were applied to change of microstructure, porosity, optical and mechanical properties of spinel ceramics. Thus initial properties of ceramics and single crystals, ba- sically degree of crystalline perfection, may influence on the sensitivity of this material to different types of irradiation. Under high energy ionizing irradiation such as gamma-rays or fast electrons the process of optical center formation goes through creation of free charge carriers with subsequent trapping by growth or radiation induced defects and impurity ions. In this paper we describe the results of comparative in- vestigations of radiation induced defects in spinel sin- gle crystals and ceramics after irradiation with high energy electrons and gamma quanta. 2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Irradiation of spinel samples with electron or gamma beam was provided at linear accelerator LUE − 300 with nominal electron energy of 30MeV . There was used deflected output which allows to decrease the energy spread of electron beam and contribution of bremsstrahlung gamma-rays at irradiation. The en- ergy of electron was 16 MeV , the beam current about 2.5 and 10 µA/cm2 , and different fluences was ac- cessed by variation of irradiation time. The irradia- tion with gamma beam was provided at strait output to increase the irradiation dose. Gamma-rays were generated by conversion of electrons with energy of 7 MeV in tantalum target with thickness of 2.0 mm. Using deflecting magnet the gamma component was separated from electrons. Gamma-beam was formed using collimator and was directed to samples. Elec- tron fluence on conversion target was 3.4× 1017 elec- trons, which corresponds to 1016 gamma quant/cm2 on samples under investigation. Stoichiometric spinel crystals were grown by Verneuil methods. From grown boule the slices of 12×10×0.7 mm were cut and polished to optical finish. Stoichiometric spinel ce- ramics were obtained by ordinary hot-pressing tech- nique of spinel powder containing 1 % of lithium flu- oride to get optically transparent material. Slices of 12×7×0.7 mm were cut and also polished to optical finish. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The absorption spectra of pristine crys- tals have no definite bands indicating the ∗Corresponding author E-mail address: gokovsp@kipt.kharkov.ua PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2009, N5. Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (52), p.81-84. 81 absence of impurities. In the gamma-ray- irradiated samples the absorption spectra con- tains several overlapping bands which form max- ima at approximately 3.1 and 5.0 eV (Fig.1). Fig.1. Optical absorption spectra of gamma- and electron-irradiated spinel single crystals Previous investigations of radiation induced opti- cal centers gave a possibility to identify the ab- sorption bands with corresponding lattice defects: 5.3 eV absorption band is related to F -centers, i.e. anion vacancies captured two electrons [7, 8]; 4.75 eV absorption related to F+ - centers, also cation vacancies but captured one electron [9, 10]; 4.2 eV absorption band was tentatively identified with electron centers formed at defects of positively charged anti-site defects. Absorption of photons of energy lower 4 eV contains many overlapping bands which were identified with different types of hole centers, i.e. cationic vacancies and nega- tively charged anti-site defects captured one or more holes [11, 12]. Therefore we conclude that under gamma irradiation both hole and electron centers of different concentration are formed. It should be noted that absorption in high energy photon range very often caused by uncontrolled impuri- ties which change under irradiation charging states. Fig.2. Radiation induced optical absorption spectra in gamma- and electron-irradiated spinel single crystals Electron irradiation to fluence of 3.0× 1016el/cm2 at the currant density of 10 µA/cm2 leads to formation only one weak absorption band at 4.75 eV . To de- convolute the spectra into specific bands we subtract from spectra of irradiated sample the initial spectra. Such difference absorption spectra are shown in Fig.2. Evidently we can distinguish main band at 3.2 and 4.75 eV with some contribution of bands at 3.8 eV (as a peak) and 5.3 eV (as a hole) [13]. Therefore, we may conclude that under gamma irradiation the main process of optical centers formation is charge exchange between cationic and anionic vacancies. The irradiation with high energy electrons at high flux the temperature of sample was raise up to 200◦C, which leads to annealing of hole centers, also the ra- diation created anionic vacancies capture electrons forming F+ centers, which are stable up to 200◦C [14]. Absorption spectra of gamma irradiated spinel ceramics very similar to that of single crystals, which are shown in Fig.3. Absorption spectra of electron ir- radiated ceramics at low electron flux 2.5 µA/cm2 to Fig.3. Optical absorption spectra of gamma- and electron-irradiated spinel ceramics different fuences demonstrate the formation of two wide spectral regions: in the visible range of photon energy 2...4 eV which does not depend on fluence, and UV-range of photon energy 4...6 eV growing with increase of fluence. By subtracting of initial spectra we obtained radiation induced optical spec- tra, which are shown in Fig.4. By deconvolution of these spectra into Gaussians we obtained bands at 2.8, 3.2 and 3.8 eV which were identified with hole centers at cationic defects, including empty cationic vacancy, complex defects of lithium ions in cation vacancy, and anti-site defects (Mg2+ Al )0, re- spectively. In the second spectral region the bands at 4.15, 4.75 and 5.3 eV are found which were iden- tified with electron centers at anion defects, related to anti-site defects (Al3+Mg)0, anion vacancies cap- tured one electron (F+-centers) or two electrons (F - centers), respectively. In the indicated range of flu- ences the concentration of hole centers practically does not change (defects in cationic sub-lattice), at the same time the concentration of electron centers 82 Fig.4. Radiation induced optical absorption spectra in gamma- and electron-irradiated spinel ceramics (defects in anion sub-lattice) growths propor- tionally to electron fluence. Using semi empir- ical Smakula formula we calculated the maxi- mal concentration of F -type centers which reaches 1.1× 1017 defects/cm3. I.e., the efficiency of cre- ation of stable defects at irradiation with 16MeV electrons equals 0.33 defects/electron. 4. CONCLUSION There were provided the comparative investigations of the efficiency of optical absorption centers forma- tion in magnesium aluminates spinel (single crystals and ceramics) at the action of high energy gamma or electron beams. It was revealed that at gamma irra- diation of single crystals the most probably the hole centers are formed which were created primarily at growth defects: cationic vacancies and anti-site de- fects. At the irradiation with electrons at beam cur- rent density of 10 µA/cm2 the temperature of sample was raised which leads to partly thermal annealing of unstable radiation-induced centers and absorption spectra demonstrate the weak bands related of F - type centers which are formed at radiation induced anionic vacancies. After gamma irradiation of spinel ceramics also mainly hole centers are formed at ini- tial defects. After electron irradiation of ceramics at beam current density of 2.5 µA/cm2 in absorp- tion spectra there were observed bands related to hole and electron centers. At the investigation of the dose dependences of the efficiency of defects formation it was found that the concentration of hole centers (de- fects in the cationic sub-lattice) practically does not change, while the concentration of electron centers (defects in the anion sub-lattice) grows proportion- ally to the fluence of irradiation. There was defined the efficiency of defect formation in anionic vacancies in complex oxide of magnesium aluminates spinel at the irradiation with 16 MeV electrons. References 1. L. Thome, A. Gentils, J. Jagielski, F. Garrido, T. Thome. Radiation stability of ceramics: Test cases of zirconia and spinel // Vacuum. 2007, v.81, p.1264-1270. 2. F.A. Garner, G.W. Hollenberg, F.D. Hobbs, J.L. Ryan, Z. Li, C.A. Black, R.C. Bradt. Di- mensional stability, optical and elastic properties of MgAl2O4 spinel irradiated in FFTF to very high exposures // J. Nucl. Mater. 1994, v.212- 215, p.1087-1090. 3. D.C. Harris. Materials for Infrared Windows and Domes // Properties and Performance, SPIE Op- tical Engineering Press, Bellingham, Washing- ton, 1999. 4. M.C.L. Patterson, A.A. DiGiovanni, L. Fehre- bacher, D.W. Roy. Spinel: gaining momentum in optical applications, in: Window and Dome Technologies VIII. SPIE AeroSence, Conference Proceedings. Orlando, FL 2003, p. 178. 5. K. Rozenburg, I.E. Reimanis, H.-J. Kleebe, R.L Cook. Chemical interaction between LiF and MgAl2O4 // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 2007, v.90, p.2038. 6. K. Rozenburg, I.E. Reimanis, H.-J. Kleebe, R.L Cook. Sintering kinetiks of a MgAl2O4 spinel doped with LiF // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 2008, v.91, p.444. 7. G.P. Summers, G.S. White, K.H. Lee, J.H. Craw- ford. Jr. Radiation damage in MgAl2O4 // Phys. Rev. B , 1980, v. 21, p. 2578-2584. 8. G. S. White, K.H. Lee, J.H. Crawford, Jr. Ef- fect of ?-irradiation upon the optical behavior of spinel // Phys. Status Solidi. 1977, v.A42 p.K137-141. 9. A. Ibarra, F.J. Lopez, M. Jimenez de Castro. V- canters in MgAl2O4 spinels // Phys. Rev. 1991, v.B44, p.7256-7262. 10. A. Ibarra, D.F. Mariani, M. Jimenez de Castro. Thermoluminescent processes of MgAl2O4 irra- diated at room temperature // Phys. Rev., 1991, v. B 44 p. 12158-12165. 11. G.S. White, R.V. Jones, J.H. Crawford, Jr. Opti- cal spectra of MgAl2O4 crystals exposed to ioniz- ing radiation // J. Appl. Phys. 1982, v.53, p.265- 270. 12. V.T. Gritsyna, I.V. Afanasyev-Charkin, V.A. Kobyakov, and K.E. Sickafus. Struc- ture and electronic states of defects in spinel of different compositions MgO · nAl2O3:Me // J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1999, v.82, p.3365-3373. 83 13. V.T. Gritsyna, I.V. Afanasyev-Charkin, Yu.G. Kazarinov, and K.E. Sickafus. Opti- cal transitions in magnesium aluminate spinel crystals of different compositions exposed to irradiation // Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 2004, v.B218, p.264-270. 14. V.T. Gritsyna, Yu.G. Kazarinov. Thermal sta- bility of radiation-induced optical centers in non- stoichiometric spinel crystals // Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 2006, v.B250, p.349-353. ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ДЕФЕКТОВ В ШПИНЕЛИ ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ВЫСОКОЭНЕРГЕТИЧНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ И ГАММА-КВАНТОВ С.П. Гоков, В.Т. Грицына, В.И. Касилов, С.С. Кочетов, Ю.Г. Казаринов Проведены сравнительные исследования эффективности образования оптических центров поглощения в магний-алюминиевой шпинели (монокристаллов и керамики) при воздействии высокоэнергетических гамма-квантов и электронов. Установлено, что гамма облучение монокристаллов и керамики приводит преимущественно к образованию дырочных центров, которые формируются на ростовых дефектах: катионных вакансиях и дефектах антиструктуры. После электронного облучения до различных флю- енсов в спектрах поглощения наблюдаются полосы, обусловленные дырочными центрами (дефекты в катионной подрешетке), концентрация которых практически не изменилась, в то время как концен- трация электронных центров (дефектов в анионной подрешетке) растет пропорционально флюенсу электронов. ЕФЕКТИВНIСТЬ УТВОРЕННЯ ДЕФЕКТIВ В ШПIНЕЛI ПIД ДIЄЮ ВИСОКОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОНIВ ТА ГАМА-КВАНТIВ С.П. Гоков, В.Т. Грицина, В.Й. Касiлов, С.С. Кочетов, Ю.Г. Казаринов Виконано порiвняльнi дослiдження ефективностi створення оптичних центрiв поглинання в магнiй- алюмiнiєвiй шпiнелi (монокристалiв та керамiки) пiд дiєю високоенергетичних гама-квантiв та елек- тронiв. Показано, що гама-опромiнення монокристалiв та керамiки призводить переважно до створен- ня дiркових центрiв, якi формуються на ростових дефектах: катiонних вакансiях та дефектах анти- структури. Пiсля електронного опромiнення рiзними флюенсами в спектрах поглинання спостерiга- ються смуги, зумовленi дiрковими центрами (дефекти в катiоннiй пiдгратцi), концентрацiя яких прак- тично не змiнилась, в той час як концентрацiя електронних центрiв (дефекти в анiоннiй пiдгратцi) росте пропорцiйно флюєнсу електронiв. 84