Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods
The physical principles of the multilayer coatings formation by applying of combined deposition methods
 of different thickness layers − plasma-detonation and ion-plasma are developed. This method of
 composite coatings creating will allow receiving coatings with new properties and t...
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| Published in: | Физическая инженерия поверхности |
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| Date: | 2012 |
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Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України
2012
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| Cite this: | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods / А.А. Drobyshevskaya // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2012. — Т. 10, № 3. — С. 299–302. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Drobyshevskaya, А.А. |
| author_facet | Drobyshevskaya, А.А. |
| citation_txt | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods / А.А. Drobyshevskaya // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2012. — Т. 10, № 3. — С. 299–302. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Физическая инженерия поверхности |
| description | The physical principles of the multilayer coatings formation by applying of combined deposition methods
of different thickness layers − plasma-detonation and ion-plasma are developed. This method of
composite coatings creating will allow receiving coatings with new properties and thus to improve of
product performance.
Разработаны физические принципы формирования многослойных покрытий путем применения
комбинированных методов нанесения разных по толщине слоев – плазменно-детонационного
и ионно-плазменного. Рассматриваемый метод создания комбинированных покрытий позволит
получать покрытия с новыми свойствами и тем самым повысить эксплуатационные характеристики изделий.
Розроблено фізичні принципи формування багатошарових покриттів шляхом застосування
комбінованих методів нанесення різних за товщиною шарів – плазмово-детонаційного та іонноплазмового. Метод створення комбінованих покриттів, що розглядається, дозволить отримувати
покриття з новими властивостями та тим самим підвищити експлуатаційні характеристики виробів.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:28:50Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
299
INTRODUCTION
The modern high-tech production requires new
materials with unique properties. These materials
include protective coatings deposited using modern
technology. The application of modern technology
extends the use of protective coatings and can im-
prove their properties. A number of papers are de-
voted to development of new methods for obtaining
of such coatings and studying their properties the
analysis of which showed that for obtaining of
coatings with high protective characteristics in recent
years the most effective are the combined, hybrid
methods of modification of the surface layer of ma-
terials that combine simultaneously or consecutively
two (duplex) or three (triplex) of different technol-
ogies. This provides obtaining in the surface layer of
compounds with unique properties that cannot be
obtained using one of the technologies used.
Great attention has been paid recently to the study
of the physical and mechanical properties coatings
using different deposition methods. Now for pro-
duction of new multicomponent coatings used ion-
plasma methods (magnetron sputtering and vacuum-
arc deposition). The use of different physical deposi-
tion techniques, and on their basis − of combined
methods, allows to obtain coatings of different com-
position from the various components and to create
functional layered coating.
Great potential in the creation of materials with a
wide complex of unique properties have the combi-
ned multi-layer coatings feature of which is the dif-
ference of physical, mechanical and chemical pro-
perties of the different layers. Combined method of
the surface modification of solids will allow receiving
coatings with new properties and thus improving of
product performance.
It is well known that besides execution of direct
protective functions of coating to perform a number
of tasks in the chemical, engineering and other in-
dustries it is necessary restoration the size of parts
already working in the industry. For this purpose
thick coating which by its composition has mecha-
nical properties exceeding the properties of the base
metal is deposited on the product. Usually in such
coatings used alloys (powder) of Ni-Cr-Mo [1],
UDC 539.61:621.793
PRINCIPLES OF MULTILAYER FUNCTIONAL COATINGS CREATION
BY COMBINED DEPOSITION METHODS
А.А. Drobyshevskaya
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”
Ukraine
Received 03.09.2012
The physical principles of the multilayer coatings formation by applying of combined deposition methods
of different thickness layers − plasma-detonation and ion-plasma are developed. This method of
composite coatings creating will allow receiving coatings with new properties and thus to improve of
product performance.
Keywords: combined method, multilayer coatings, plasma-detonation treatment, surface modification.
Разработаны физические принципы формирования многослойных покрытий путем применения
комбинированных методов нанесения разных по толщине слоев – плазменно-детонационного
и ионно-плазменного. Рассматриваемый метод создания комбинированных покрытий позволит
получать покрытия с новыми свойствами и тем самым повысить эксплуатационные характе-
ристики изделий.
Ключевые слова: комбинированный метод, плазменно-детонационная обработка, много-
слойные покрытия, модификация поверхности.
Розроблено фізичні принципи формування багатошарових покриттів шляхом застосування
комбінованих методів нанесення різних за товщиною шарів – плазмово-детонаційного та іонно-
плазмового. Метод створення комбінованих покриттів, що розглядається, дозволить отримувати
покриття з новими властивостями та тим самим підвищити експлуатаційні характеристики ви-
робів.
Ключові слова: комбінований метод, багатошарові покриття, плазмово-детонаційна обробка,
модифікація поверхні.
А.А. Drobyshevskaya, 2012
ФІП ФИП PSE, 2012, т. 10, № 3 vol. 10, No. 3300
hard alloys WC-Co-Cr, Cr3C2-Ni [2], oxide
ceramics Al2O3, Al2O3 + Cr2O3 [3].
The authors of works [4 – 7] with a combination
of the two technologies (plasma-detonation tech-
nology and magnetron or vacuum-arc deposition
with RF discharge) received coatings of two layers.
The first layer − powder coating thickness greater
than 100 µm (plasma-detonation method) and the
second layer − thin ion-plasma coating thickness of
about 3 µm. As a result combined coatings of
thickness 120 ч 320 µm based TiSiN/WC-Co-Cr;
TiSiN/(Cr3C2Ni)75-(NiCr)25; TiAlN/TiN/Al2O3;
TiAlN/Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B etc. were formed which had
high protective characteristics and allowed to restore
the size of worn surface areas. These coatings have
the higher physical and mechanical properties such
as hardness H, elastic modulus E, the elastic re-
covery We, the resistance of the material plastic
deformation N3/E2 and plasticity index of H/E than
the powder coating.
Employing two technologies: a plasma-deto-
nation and a vacuum-arc deposition in a HF dis-
charge, a bilayered micro-nano-structured TiCrN/
Ni-Cr-B-Si-B coating featuring high protective
characteristics was fabricated [8]. The high
properties of the bilayered coating was determined,
namely samples have increased wear resistance,
which was higher almost by a factor of 27 to 30
and corrosion resistance in NaCl solution, which was
almost an order of a magnitude higher in comparison
with a stainless steel substrate.
The paper presents a model scheme for the
formation of multilayer composite coatings. Use of
the combined modification with applying of materials
with different physical-chemical and mechanical
properties is selected in order to obtain a surface
with a complex of desired characteristics (corrosion
resistance, wear resistance, hardness, etc.), since
individual types of treatment (vacuum-arc or mag-
netron method) does not always lead to the desired
result. In connection with this purpose of the work
is the development of physical principles of multi-
functional coatings creation by combination of dif-
ferent methods of deposition − plasma-detonation
and ion-plasma.
PHYSICAL BASIS OF MULTILAYER
COATINGS FORMATION
Applied research problem of modification processes
of materials with the combination of different me-
thods of deposition is the improvement of the finished
products performance. To provide basic fundamental
requirements for coatings in the paper a layered
structure of coatings based powder and ion-plasma
coatings formed by the combined method using de-
tonation plasma deposition and ion-plasma depo-
sition is proposed.
The proposed approach is to determine the com-
position and structure-phase state of the substrate
and coating ensuring the absence of chemical
potentials gradients of all components in the depth
of the material taking into account the operating
temperature.
If we take the phase diagram of the A-B system
in which from one side possible dissolve of the
component A to component B (в-phase) and on the
other side of B in A (б-phase) than at any tem-
perature the chemical composition of б-phase in
the equilibrium state will correspond to the inter-
section of the line T with the line α/(α+в) at a con-
centration Сα, and the composition of в-phase
correspond to the intersection of T with a line
в/(α + в) at a concentration Св. If α- and в-pha-
ses spatially divide relocating the inclusion of one of
them on the sample surface and the other leaving in
volume while neglecting the surface effects then in
the result possible to receive at a given temperature
T of the thermodynamic equilibrium a spatially
inhomo-geneous structure-phase state (fig. 1)
in which on the surface of the sample will be mainly
в-phase, and in the volume б-phase separated by a
two-phase transition region which provides a
mechanical chaining of formed phases.
Based on this approach the principle of a mul-
tilayer functional coatings creation was developed
while the optimum characteristics are realized for a
range of loads providing the location of irreversible
Fig. 1. Diagram of the equilibrium states of the system
A-B, the possible distribution of the phase composition
with depth.
PRINCIPLES OF MULTILAYER FUNCTIONAL COATINGS CREATION BY COMBINED DEPOSITION METHODS
301
deformations in the coating material at insufficient
high bearing capacity of the surface due to the in-
fluence of the underlying substrate surface (coating).
Necessary condition for this is the fact that the mul-
tiphase system should include a set of phases that
have the properties of both the coating and the alloy.
The basis for the formation of multilayer coatings
is the following:
− the external layer should be wear-resistant, have
a low friction coefficient, high hardness, good
plasticity (multicomponent coatings based on
TiN, TiC);
− transition layer providing adhesion strength of
the external and the intermediate layer, consisting
of the phase external and the intermediate layer;
− intermediate layer should be thermostable and
corrosion-resistant;
− transition (lower) layer providing enough a snug
fit intermediate layer to the substrate and con-
sisting of components substrate and intermediate
layer.
For practicing main stages to create a chemically
compatible coating system has been considered
which combines the positive properties of coatings
with high heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant
properties of the ceramic powder, and coatings with
high mechanical properties of materials. Combining
the positive properties of the coatings available either
through the introduction of elements in the surface
layer, either through layering of coatings. Taking into
account the rugged environment of constructional
materials a necessary condition for their long effective
work is a high adhesion of the coating to the substrate
surface, the low and closed porosity, and the pre-
sence of passivating elements such as chromium and
titanium.
Thus the construction of the multilayer coating
consists of a diffusion layer at the interface with the
substrate providing adhesion strength, of the second
layer providing the so-called barrier properties and
performing the functions of heat resistance and cor-
rosion resistance, as well as multi-component coa-
tings based on refractory metal nitrides which pro-
vides wear resistance and antifriction work surfaces
(fig. 2).
The use of different physical deposition tech-
niques allows to obtain coatings of different com-
position from the various components and to create
functional materials in the form of layered coatings.
CONCLUSION
The construction of multilayer coating consisting of
a diffusion layer at the boundary with the substrate
providing adhesive strength, of the second layer pro-
viding the so-called barrier properties and performing
the functions of thermal stability and corrosion resis-
tance, and also multicomponent coating based on
refractory metal nitrides which provides wear resis-
tance and antifriction working surfaces is proposed.
It is shown that the modification of the surface
layer of combined methods of deposition, phase
mixing of the individual layers of coatings and films
results in a sharp change of operational characte-
ristics such as hardness, wear resistance, fatigue
resistance, corrosion and erosion resistance, which
ultimately enhances the reliability and service life of
parts and tools. These data find confirmation in
works of various authors performed on a wide class
of materials with a combination of different methods
of deposition.
The principles obtained of the multilayer coatings
formation can be applied to a wide class of protective
coatings and used for development of deposition
and modification technologies of nanocomposite,
wear-and corrosion-resistant hard coatings.
REFERENCES
1. Pogrebnjak A.D., Vasyliuk V.V., Kravchen-
ko Yu.A. et. al. Duplex treatment of nickel alloy
deposited on steel 3 substrate//Friction and Wear.
– 2004. – Vol. 25, No. 1. – P. 71-78.
2. Andrievsky R.А., Gleser А.М. Dimensional
effects in nanocrystal materials//Physics of
metals and metallurgy. – 1999. – Vol. 88, No. 1.
– P. 50-73.
3. Azarenkov N.A., Beresnev V.M., Pogreb-
njak A.D. Structure and properties of protective
Fig. 2. Scheme for the formation of composite protective
coatings.
А.А. DROBYSHEVSKAYA
ФІП ФИП PSE, 2012, т. 10, № 3 vol. 10, No. 3
ФІП ФИП PSE, 2012, т. 10, № 3 vol. 10, No. 3302
coatings and modified layers of materials. –
Kharkov: Kharkov National University, 2007. –
565 p.
4. Pogrebnjak A.D., Il’yashenko M.V., Kave-
rin M.V. et al. Physical and mechanical properties
of the nanocomposite and combined Ti-N-Si/WC-
Co-Cr and Ti-N-Si/(Cr3C2)75-(NiCr)25 coatings//
J. Nano-Electron. Phys. – 2009. – Vol. 1, No. 4.
– P. 101-110.
5. Pogrebnjak A.D., Drobyshevskaya А.А., Il’ya-
shenko M.V et al. Tribotechnical, physical and
mechanical properties and thermal stability of
nano- and microcomposite coatings based on
TiAlN/TiN/Al2O3//Physical Surface Engineering.
– 2010. – Vol. 8, No. 1. - P. 20-27.
6. Pogrebnjak A.D., Drobyshevskaya А.А., Beres-
nev V.M. et al. Micro- and nanocomposite pro-
tective coatings TiAlN/Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B, their
structure and properties//J.Tech. Phys. – 2011.
– Vol. 81, № 7. - P. 124-131.
7. Pogrebnjak A.D., Bratushka S.N., Uglov V.V.
et. al. Structure and properties of Ni-Cr-B-Si-
Fe/WC-Co coating, deposited on the substrate
from steel and copper//Physical Surface Engine-
ering. – 2008. – Vol. 6, No. 1-2. – P. 92-97.
8. Pogrebnjak A.D., Danilionok M.M., Droby-
shevskaya A.A. et. al. Nanocomposite protective
coatings based on TiCrN/Ni-Cr-B-Si-Mo, their
structure and properties//Proceedings of 9th
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PRINCIPLES OF MULTILAYER FUNCTIONAL COATINGS CREATION BY COMBINED DEPOSITION METHODS
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-98975 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1999-8074 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:28:50Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Drobyshevskaya, А.А. 2016-04-19T18:16:06Z 2016-04-19T18:16:06Z 2012 Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods / А.А. Drobyshevskaya // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2012. — Т. 10, № 3. — С. 299–302. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1999-8074 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/98975 539.61:621.793 The physical principles of the multilayer coatings formation by applying of combined deposition methods
 of different thickness layers − plasma-detonation and ion-plasma are developed. This method of
 composite coatings creating will allow receiving coatings with new properties and thus to improve of
 product performance. Разработаны физические принципы формирования многослойных покрытий путем применения
 комбинированных методов нанесения разных по толщине слоев – плазменно-детонационного
 и ионно-плазменного. Рассматриваемый метод создания комбинированных покрытий позволит
 получать покрытия с новыми свойствами и тем самым повысить эксплуатационные характеристики изделий. Розроблено фізичні принципи формування багатошарових покриттів шляхом застосування
 комбінованих методів нанесення різних за товщиною шарів – плазмово-детонаційного та іонноплазмового. Метод створення комбінованих покриттів, що розглядається, дозволить отримувати
 покриття з новими властивостями та тим самим підвищити експлуатаційні характеристики виробів. en Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України Физическая инженерия поверхности Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods Drobyshevskaya, А.А. |
| title | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods |
| title_full | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods |
| title_fullStr | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods |
| title_short | Principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods |
| title_sort | principles of multilayer functional coatings creation by combined deposition methods |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/98975 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT drobyshevskayaaa principlesofmultilayerfunctionalcoatingscreationbycombineddepositionmethods |