«Зелена» металургія на етапі переходу до вуглецевої нейтральності

• Datum: 2023
• 1. Verfasser: Мельник, Сергій
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainisch
• Veröffentlicht: Physico-technological Institute of Metals and Alloys 2023
• Schlagworte: зміна клімату; парниковий ефект; викиди парникових газів; глобальне потепління; декарбонізація; зелена металургія; вуглецева нейтральність; водень; пряме відновлення заліза; DRI; виплавка сталі
• Online Zugang: https://www.metalsandcasting.com/index.php/mcu/article/view/2
• Назва журналу: Metal and Casting of Ukraine

The article is dedicated to the situation of combating greenhouse gas emissions and the upcoming global warming. The actions of intergovernmental organizations – the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN) are demonstrated to study anthropogenic climate change in the Earth's atmosphere and plan real actions to reduce the active human impact on biogeochemical processes in the biosphere. The article using Killing's data shows the situation with the emission of greenhouse gases entering the Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, in particular in Ukraine in comparison with the corresponding indicators in other countries. According to the author's calculations based on the Statistical Yearbook of World Energy, the largest polluters of the Earth's atmosphere are industrialized countries: China – 9717 million tons of carbon monoxide per year (22.08 %), USA – 4405 (10.01 %), India – 2191 (4.98 %), Russia – 1619 (3.68 %), Japan – 979 (2.23 %), Iran – 619 (1.41 %), Germany – 617 (1.40 %), South Korea – 570 (1.30 %), Indonesia – 566 (1.29 %), Canada – 516 (1.17%) et al. For comparison, Ukraine emits 186.5 million tons of greenhouse gases per year, which is 0.39% of all emissions in the world. Along with the United Nations, the European Union and the International Hydrogen Energy Association, organizations have begun to work around the world to develop and implement measures to save our planet from the threat of global warming. As a result, the path has been chosen of moving away from the use of fossil energy sources – coal, hydrocarbons and other materials containing C, and the transition to the development of hydrogen energy and hydrogen economy. Around 2020, the world began a hydrogen boom. The article also provides examples of developing concepts, plans and projects for the decarbonisation of various areas of human activities, including metallurgy. In metallurgy, these are projects to establish enterprises working on metallized raw materials produced by direct reduction of iron oxides with hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources (wind, sun, water, etc.). SSAB, Nippon Steel, Thyssen Krupp, Voestalpine, Posco, Arcelor Mittal, British Steel and other enterprises are designing and building production lines that operate on technological schemes based on direct reduction of iron – DRI. In Ukraine, together with Primetals Technologies and K1-MET, Metinvestholding's production sites also plan to install equipment for the production of metallized raw materials using DRI technology with subsequent smelting of steel in electric arc furnaces. However, the article notes that a number of experts warn about the peculiarities of the use of H2 as an energy source, associated with its special physicochemical properties and point, in particular, to the increased danger of hydrogen technology. In addition, recent experiments in the United States and Europe, where a "quick start" with the use of renewable energy sources was taken, have shown the need for a measured reduction in the use of nuclear energy and minerals containing C. The materials of the article emphasize the need for scientific research and economic analysis in order to accelerate the implementation of work to reduce the greenhouse effect and reduce global warming on Earth.