Алюмінієва промисловість України: від занепаду до потенційного зростання

• Дата: 2023
• Автори: Пригунова, Адель, Тубольцев, Леонід, Нарівський, Anatoliy, Сокол, Лариса
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Physico-technological Institute of Metals and Alloys 2023
• Теми: алюмінієва промисловість; первинна та вторинна металургія; сировинна база; внутрішнє споживання; експорт; імпорт; світові тенденції розвитку; науково-технічні розробки
• Онлайн доступ: https://www.metalsandcasting.com/index.php/mcu/article/view/24
• Назва журналу: Metal and Casting of Ukraine

The article examines the current state of the aluminum industry in Ukraine and the world, the activities of primary metallurgy enterprises, where aluminum is obtained by electrolysis from cryolite-alumina melts, and secondary metallurgy, based on the use of metal scrap and waste. Trends in the development of world production and consumption of aluminum and the place of Ukraine in these processes are shown. The problems of the domestic aluminum industry and the state of the raw material base were studied. An analysis of the production of aluminum and alloys based on it, semi-finished products and products from scrap and waste was carried out. The structures of the domestic market, export and import of aluminum products are given. The reasons and consequences of the reduction of production capacities and the stoppage of some productions have been established. It was noted that the mistakes of privatization led to the loss of two of the most important enterprises of primary aluminum metallurgy: PJSC "Zaporizhzhia industrial aluminum integrated plant" and PJSC "Mykolaiv Alumina Plant". In 2011, the closure of the electrolysis plant at the Zaporizhzhia industrial aluminum plant deprived Ukraine of its status as a producer of primary aluminum. Privatization of PJSC "Mykolaiv Alumina Plant" did not bring expected investments to the aluminum industry, and new promising productions to the country. It is shown that the lack of raw materials, as well as support from the state, led to the shutdown in 2012 of one of the largest secondary metallurgy plants of Ukraine – JV "Intersplav", which was equipped with modern equipment and technologies. Taking into account global and domestic experience, strategic directions for the restoration and potential growth of aluminum production and high-tech industries based on it are determined. Ways to solve the problems of the aluminum industry in Ukraine by the program method, measures and the mechanism of their implementation are proposed. The role of the scientific and technical potential in the sustainable development of Ukraine in the post-war period and in the future is indicated.