До питання про вибір характеристик задувальних шихт доменних печей

• Date: 2025
• Main Authors: Крячко, Г.Ю., Сігарьов, Є.М.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Physico-technological Institute of Metals and Alloys 2025
• Subjects: доменна піч; задувальна шихта; характеристики шихти; об’ємна частка; кокс; насадка; рудне навантаження
• Online Access: https://www.metalsandcasting.com/index.php/mcu/article/view/281
• Journal Title: Metal and Casting of Ukraine

The successful output of blast furnaces (BF) to design capacity and duration of their campaign depend to a large extent on the choice of rational technology of the blowing period and composition of the blowing charge. The key factor in choosing the composition of blowing charges is the issue of determining the consumption of coke, the most valuable component of the charges and the determining factor for the successful start-up of the blast furnace. The analysis of the sources of information indicates the ambiguity of the approach to solving the specified issue.The purpose of the work is to generalize the experience of using blast furnace charges to improve their characteristics, primarily related to total and zonal coke consumption. It is shown that with the advent of research on the structure of the charge column of blast furnaces frozen in operation and the understanding of the coke nozzle formation process, the approaches to the formation of the blowing charge changed, primarily this affected the volumes of fluxless coke in the lower charges. The proposed new characteristics of blowing charges related to the useful volume of the furnace Vcor, in particular the volume fraction of coke in the total blowing charge VΣk/Vcor, the volume fraction of coke loaded without flux of zero and first charges Vknsh/Vcor, volume capacity fraction of the coke nozzle Vkn/Vcor.The trend of growth of the specified characteristics in the process of improving the domain technology was revealed. Yes, if at the beginning of the 50s of the XX century on furnaces with a volume of 1386 m3, the index VΣk/Vсor was 0.66-0.72, then in the 70s and later it increased to 0.76-0.96. In the 1960s and 1970s, the volume of fluxless coke in the lower charges fluctuated between 14 and 27 % of Vcor, and in the 1980s and 1990s of the last century and at the beginning of the new century it increased to 33-48 %. This significantly improved the conditions for the formation of coke nozzle during the blowing period of blast furnaces.The existence of a relationship between the relative volume consumption of coke in the zero and first fluxless charges with the relative volume of the coke nozzle, formed with different forms of the structure of the charge column, was established. With the transition from W-shaped cohesion zone to Λ-shaped, both characteristics increased regardless of the volume of the blast furnaces. It is shown that the ore load on coke cannot be a reliable criterion for the blowing charge, as it does not take into account the additional consumption of slag-forming components.