Розвиток теоретичних основ використання рудовугільних композитів та їх узгодження з сучасними напрямами удосконалення доменного процесу

• Дата: 2026
• Автори: Мішалкін, А.П., Камкіна, Л.В., Петренко, В.О., Чистяков, В.Г., Бойко, М.М., Надточій, А.А., Ванюков, А.А.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Physico-technological Institute of Metals and Alloys 2026
• Теми: рудовуглецеві композити; відновлення заліза; газифікація вуглецю; формування TRZ; скорочення викидів СО2
• Онлайн доступ: https://www.metalsandcasting.com/index.php/mcu/article/view/333
• Назва журналу: Metal and Casting of Ukraine

This paper summarizes current theoretical concepts and the results of the practical application of ore-carbon compos- ite materials (OCCMs) as partial substitutes for sinter, pellets, coke, and pulverized coal in blast furnace production. The aim of the study is to establish the physicochemical patterns of the influence of OCCM on the course of iron oxide reduction, carbon gasification, TRZ formation, and specific reducer consumption, as well as to determine promising compositions and methods for preparing composites, taking into account the possibility of using pyro-biocarbon. The methodological basis of the work consists of a thermodynamic analysis of the equilibrium of the (Fe–O–C–CO–CO2) system and a synthesis of the results of kinetic and modeling studies. The peculiarities of the course of iron reduction and carbon gasification reactions under conditions of direct contact between iron oxides and carbon within the composite volume (when changing the type of carbon-containing material and its origin) are analyzed. It has been confirmed that the spatial proximity of the ore and fuel-reducing components ensures: the formation of a locally high reducing potential and the intensification of indirect reduction; a decrease in temperature and a narrowing of the TRZ, accompanied by an increase in the degree of efficient CO utilization. A reduction in the TRZ by 50-150 ºC, according to recent studies, in turn contributes to: ensuring earlier development of the indirect reduction of iron oxides; a reduction in CO demand and intensification of the carbon gasification reaction, leading to a decrease in specific coke and PCI consumption per ton of pig iron, increased efficiency of CO reduction potential utilization, and a reduction in the carbon footprint of the blast furnace process as a whole. Promising types of OCCMs are considered: hot-briquetted, cold-bonded briquettes, self-reducing briquettes, and composite briquettes/pellets. It is shown that the most promising for modern metallurgy are composites based on iron ore concentrate, blast furnace dust and sludge, petcoke, fine coal, and pyro-biocarbon. The influence of composite preparation methods – namely, hot briquetting, cold pressing, carbonization, and pelletizing of the feedstock – on their mechanical prop- erties, reactivity, and expected behavior in a blast furnace has been analyzed. The scientific novelty of this work lies in demonstrating the feasibility of using pyro-biocarbon as a partial substitute for fossil carbon in the composition of OCCM. It has been established that pyro-biocarbon, due to its high porosity, developed surface area, and increased reactivity, ensures a further reduction in TRZ and specific reducer consumption, while simultaneously creating the conditions for reducing the carbon footprint of blast furnace production. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of understanding regarding the mechanism of the combined process of iron oxide reduction and carbon gasification within the OCCM and their influence on blast furnace process parameters. The practical significance lies in identifying promising directions for the partial replacement of sinter, pellets, coke, and PCI with ore-coal composites to improve the energy efficiency of blast furnace production, reduce fossil carbon consumption, and cut greenhouse gas emissions.