Десульфурація сталі: сучасні технології, тенденції та перспективи

• Дата: 2023
• Автори: Воденнікова, Оксана, Воденнікова, Лариса
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Physico-technological Institute of Metals and Alloys 2023
• Теми: десульфурація сталі; десульфуратор; ступінь десульфурації; установка десульфурації чавуну; позапічна обробка сталі; установка «піч-ківш»
• Онлайн доступ: https://www.metalsandcasting.com/index.php/mcu/article/view/5
• Назва журналу: Metal and Casting of Ukraine

Today, the process of sulfur removal includes four stages: in the blast furnace (usually up to 90 % S is removed), during the pre-treatment of hot metal, in the steelmaking unit (oxygen converter (BOF) or electric steelmaking furnace) and out-offurnace treatment. The process of sulfur release (metal desulfurization) is the main condition for obtaining quality steel, which depends on the chemical composition of the slag, its holding time in the ladle, the degree of oxidation of the metal, mixing conditions of steel in the ladle and additional technological operations. The paper presents the world's best-known methods of cast iron desulfurization: Kanbara Reactor process (only lime is used as desulfurizing reagent), Ukraina Desmag process (magnesium monoinjection) and Co-injection process (co-injection process of magnesium and lime or calcium carbide). The evaluation of the efficiency of various metallurgical processes in terms of the degree of desulfurization of the metal and the ability to achieve the final sulfur content in the metal is less than 0.001 %. A comparative analysis of modern technologies of out-of-furnace desulfurization of cast iron is given and it is established that the degree of desulfurization within 90–99 % is achieved by injection of magnesium-based mixture, lime-magnesium-based mixture, and deep arc recovery technology. The inefficiency of using zinc oxide (ZnO) as a desulfurizing agent in comparison with other desulfurizers (including fluidized CaO, industrial CaO, CaC2 powder, Mg granules and mixtures of industrial CaO and Mg) has been shown. The modern view on the process of steel desulfurization in the conditions of steel production in different countries of the world is analyzed. In particular, the technological aspects of desulfurization in the oxygen-converter shops of PJSC Severstal and PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works are given. Technological possibilities of steel desulfurization in the process of secondary steelmaking in the conditions of JSC Moldova Steel Works and OJSC Byelorussian Steel Works are considered. The study of the kinetics of the desulfurization process of 20ГЛ steel in the conditions of JSC Tashkent Mechanical Plant is analyzed. The regularities of the desulfurization process on the example of research during the smelting of oxygen-converter steel in the conditions of the Isdemir are given.