Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies
In Ukrainian water bodies, the genus Mayorella Schaeffer, 1926 is represented by ten species: Mayorella cantabrigiensis Page, 1983, Mayorella vespertilioides Page, 1983, Mayorella bigemma Schaeffer, 1918, Mayorella leidyi Bovee, 1970, Mayorella penardi Page, 1972, Mayorella viridis Leidy, 1874, Mayo...
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| author | Patsyuk, M. K. |
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| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "M. K. Patsyuk",
"institution": "Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Vel. Berdychivska st., 40, Zhytomyr, Ukraine 10008",
"orcid": ""
}
] |
| author_sort | Patsyuk, M. K. |
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| description | In Ukrainian water bodies, the genus Mayorella Schaeffer, 1926 is represented by ten species: Mayorella cantabrigiensis Page, 1983, Mayorella vespertilioides Page, 1983, Mayorella bigemma Schaeffer, 1918, Mayorella leidyi Bovee, 1970, Mayorella penardi Page, 1972, Mayorella viridis Leidy, 1874, Mayorella sp. (1), Mayorella sp. (2), Mayorella sp. (3), Mayorella sp. (4). The most widely distributed are M. cantabrigiensis, M. vespertilioides, Mayorella sp. (1), the least observed are M. leidyi, M. penardi, M. viridis, Mayorella sp. (4). The distribution of amoebae is influenced by abiotic environmental factors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/zoo2020.02.089 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:35:12Z |
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UDC 593.121
NAKED LOBOSE AMOEBAE OF THE GENUS
MAYORELLA (AMOEBOZOA, DISCOSEA, DERMAMOEBIDA)
IN UKRAINIAN WATER BODIES
M. K. Patsyuk
Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Vel. Berdychivska st., 40, Zhytomyr, 10008 Ukraine
E-mail: kostivna@ukr.net
Naked Lobose Amoebae of the Genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in
Ukrainian Water Bodies. Patsyuk, M. K. — In Ukrainian water bodies, the genus Mayorella Schaeff er,
1926 is represented by ten species: Mayorella cantabrigiensis Page, 1983, Mayorella vespertilioides Page,
1983, Mayorella bigemma Schaeff er, 1918, Mayorella leidyi Bovee, 1970, Mayorella penardi Page, 1972,
Mayorella viridis Leidy, 1874, Mayorella sp. (1), Mayorella sp. (2), Mayorella sp. (3), Mayorella sp. (4). Th e
most widely distributed are M. cantabrigiensis, M. vespertilioides, Mayorella sp. (1), the least observed are
M. leidyi, M. penardi, M. viridis, Mayorella sp. (4). Th e distribution of amoebae is infl uenced by abiotic
environmental factors.
Key words : naked amoebae, Mayorella, Ukrainian water bodies, abiotic factors.
Introduction
Schaeff er erected the genus Mayorella in 1926 with the type species Mayorella bigemma (Amoeba bigemma)
Schaeff er, 1918 (Glotova et al., 2018). In the current system of naked lobose amoebae (Smirnov et al., 2011),
this genus belongs to the class Discosea Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004, order Dermamoebida Cavalier-Smith, 2004,
family Mayorellidae Schaeff er, 1926. Th e amoebae have mayorellian morphotype (Smirnov & Goodkov, 1999),
generally with undivided fi ngerlike hyaline subpseudopodia of approximately equal length produced out of hya-
line cytoplasm; in some species, subpseudopodia may be temporarily absent during locomotion. Th e length of
moving mayorellian amoebic body exceeds its width. Th e fl oating amoeba has acute pseudopodia spreading out
of irregularly shaped central cell mass, vesicular nucleus, and one big nucleolus (Goodkov & Buryakov, 1987).
Mayorella-like amoebae are widely distributed in soils and fresh and sea waters. Based on light microscopy and
electron microscopy of the cellular surface, eight species are recognized: fresh-water Mayorella cantabrigiensis
Page, 1983, Mayorella vespertilioides Page, 1983, Mayorella penardi Page, 1972, Mayorella viridis Leidy, 1874, and
seawater Mayorella kuwaitensis Page, 1983, Mayorella gemmifera Schaeff er, 1926, Mayorella dactylifera Goodkov
and Buryakov, 1988, and Mayorella pussardi Hollande, Nicolas & Escaig, 1981 (Glotova et al., 2018).
Zoodiversity, 54(2): 89–94, 2020
DOI 10.15407/zoo2020.02.089
Fauna and Systematics
90 M. K. Patsyuk
Th ere are reports, based on light and electron microscopy and molecular biology methods, according to
which the genus Mayorella is richer than the described eight species (Glotova et al., 2018). Th ere is almost no
data on naked amoebae fauna of the habitats with diff ering environmental conditions and of remote locations.
Th at is why it is necessary to sample in distant habitats and compare fi ndings with local faunas (Smirnov et al.,
2011). Since naked amoebae remain poorly studied in Ukraine, we investigated the Mayorella species isolated
from Ukrainian water bodies.
Material and methods
Material was collected in 2011–2018 in various water bodies of Ukraine (fi g. 1), resulting in 360 samples
from 48 locations. We employed modern light microscopy methods, including DIC, to study c. 120 Mayorella-
like amoebae. It should be noted that a full range of approaches and methods (including ultrastructural and
molecular biological) are currently used for exact identifi cation of naked amoebae. Th erefore, our taxonomic
identifi cation does not pretend to unambiguity. Th e morphological data are used for the identifi cation of naked
amoebae in many faunistic studies. .
Th e samples of water and disturbed bottom sediment were manually collected into glassware of up to
500 ml and transferred to the laboratory. Amoebae were isolated from samples containing the upper layer of
bottom soil and a small quantity of bottom water. Th ey were cultured on Petri dishes of 50 mm diameter on
non-nutrient agar (Page & Siemensma, 1991) at 15 °С. We used the light microscope Zeiss AxioImager M1 at
the Centre for collective usage of scientifi c equipment “Animalia” of I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology
with diff erential contrast optics for observations of living cells in water droplets on the slides.
We recorded the temperature, dissolved oxygen and organic matter concentration (by permanganate oxi-
dation) of the studied water bodies during sampling (Stroganov & Buzinova, 1980).
We used the Chekanovsky-Sørensen index to compare the faunistic lists. Th e clustering was bootstrapped
and the multi-dimensional scaling was done in PAST 1.18 (Hammer et al., 2001).
Results and discussion
In this study we identifi ed 10 amoeba species of the genus Mayorella: M. cantabrigien-
sis, M. vespertilioides, M. bigemma, Mayorella leidyi Bovee, 1970, M. penardi, M. viridis,
Mayorella sp. (1), Mayorella sp. (2), Mayorella sp. (3), Mayorella sp. (4). (fi g. 2, table 1)
(Patsyuk, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 a, b, 2018; Patсyuk & Dovgal, 2012).
We established the occurrence frequency of amoeba, since the absolute quantities
could not be calculated for this group. The most common species were M. cantabrigiensis
Fig. 1. Sampling localities (Ukraine).
91Naked Lobose Amoebae of the Genus Mayorella in Ukrainian water bodies
T a b l e 1 . Characters of amoebae of the genus Mayorella from Ukrainian water bodies
No Amoebae species Cell length, μ Cell breadth, μ Length to breadth ratio, L/B Nucleus diameter, μ
1. M. cantabrigiensis 90–110 45–60 2.5–3.6 3.0–3.6
2. M. vespertilioides 85–100 50–75 1.3–1.8 10.0–15.0
3. M. bigemma 110–285 100–85 2.5–3.5 11.0–11.8
4. M. leidyi 105–185 60–100 2.8–3.0 11.0–11.5
5. M. penardi 43–50 18–24 3.2–4.0 4.0–6.0
6. M. viridis 45–55 26–28 1.6 5.0–9.0
7. Mayorella sp. (1) 100–130 50–70 2.1–3.7 8.0–12.0
8. Mayorella sp. (2) 50–95 25–40 2.0–2.5 6.5
9. Mayorella sp. (3) 62–120 30–84 1.8–3.2 5.8–11.0
10. Mayorella sp. (4) 40–60 15–20 4.8 6.2–6.8
(60.20 %), M. vespertilioides (50.32 %), Mayorella sp. (1) (50.03 %), the rarest were
Mayorella sp. (4) (0.25 %), M. leidyi (0.9 %), M. penardi (0.5 %), M. viridis (1.3 %). Th e
frequency of M. bigemma in Ukrainian water bodies was 30.25 %, Mayorella sp. (2) 31.01 %,
and Mayorella sp. (3) 28.32 %. We analyzed the eff ect of temperature, levels of oxygen
and organic matter (by permanganate oxidation) on most common Mayorella species:
M. cantabrigiensis was an eurythermal organism, found at +2 to +26 °C; M. vespertilioides
and Mayorella sp. (1) were collected mostly in warm season at +16 to +26 °С. Mayorella sp.
(1) tolerated high oxygen concentrations (4.35 to 31.94 mg/l) and was euryoxidic;
M. cantabrigiensis and M. vespertilioides were recorded at oxygen levels under 17.84 mg/l
meaning that they were stenooxidic. M. cantabrigiensis was found at the highest organic
matter concentration (50.05 mg О2/l), probably the most favorable to its development.
M. vespertilioides (24.45 mg О2/l) and Mayorella sp. (1) (28.53 mg О2/l) were sensitive to
dissolved organic matter levels.
Th e distribution of the Mayorella species in various types of Ukrainian water bod-
ies was analyzed according to a hydrobiological classifi cation of continental waters (Kon-
stantinov, 1986). Most amoebae were found in rivers (eight species) and riparian basins
(seven), only two were discovered in channels, and three were collected in swamps. Four
species of amoebae were found in lakes (table 2).
Only Mayorella sp. (1) was recorded in all types of water bodies and can be considered
eurytopic. Th ree species were found only in lakes or rivers: M. penardi and M. viridis were
observed only in lakes, and Mayorella sp. (2) was collected in rivers because of hydrochemi-
cal and trophic specifi cs of the waters. Th e other six species were found in water bodies of
T a b l e 2 . Distribution of naked amoebae of the genus Mayorella in various water bodies of Ukraine
No Amoeba species Water basin type
river swamp channel riparian basin lake
1. M. cantabrigiensis + + – + –
2. M. vespertilioides + – – + +
3. M. bigemma + – – + –
4. M. leidyi + – – + –
5. M. penardi – – – – +
6. M. viridis – – – – +
7. Mayorella sp. (1) + + + + +
8. Mayorella sp. (2) + – – – –
9. Mayorella sp. (3) + + + + –
10. Mayorella sp. (4) + – – + –
Total 8 3 2 7 4
92 M. K. Patsyuk
Fig. 2. Naked amoeba of the
genus Mayorella found in dif-
ferent water bodies of Ukraine:
a, b — M. cantabrigiensis ×1240;
c, d — M. vespertilioides ×1240;
e, f — M. penardi ×1240;
g, h — M. viridis ×1240;
i, j — Mayorella sp. (1) ×1240;
k, l — Mayorella sp. (2) ×1240;
m, n — Mayorella sp. (4) ×1240.
a
f
g
i
j
l
m n
k
h
dc
b
e
93Naked Lobose Amoebae of the Genus Mayorella in Ukrainian water bodies
two or more types, possibly indi-
cating tolerance to wide environ-
mental ranges (table 2).
According to the Cheka-
novsky-Sørensen index, the most
similar assemblages of Mayorella-
like amoebae were those of rivers
and riparian basins (0.93), and
the least common assemblages
were from swamps and lakes
(0.28). Only 0.36 of species were
common for lakes and other types
of water bodies. According to the
cluster analysis (fi g. 3), amoebae
species lists formed a lake spe-
cies complex (Shatsky Lakes) and
a cluster of riparian basins, riv-
ers, swamps, and channels spe-
cies complex. Th e probability of
existence of the two clusters was
bootstrapped (1000 permuta-
tions) and equaled 100 % and
64 %, respectively.
Th e fi rst cluster of amoebae
arose from specifi c conditions in lakes (mostly sand-silt bottom, calcium-hydrocarbonate
water with low minerals levels); and the second cluster (“riparian species complex”) formed
in basins connected to rivers and thus they are interlinked.
Besides that, Mayorella species complexes in Ukrainian waters were infl uenced by
temperature as well as dissolved oxygen and organic matter concentrations. Figure 4 shows
that the riparian species complex of Mayorella-like amoebae is formed at relatively higher
temperatures and higher con-
centrations of organic matter
compared to that of the lakes.
Th e lake complex was defi ned by
low temperature and low organic
matter levels. Oxygen levels had
a weak eff ect on the lake and ri-
parian species complexes. Th is
factor will be studied in more de-
tail in our further work.
Th erefore, there are 10 amoe-
ba species of the genus Mayorella
in lakes of Ukraine. In relation to
abiotic factors, M. cantabrigiensis
is eurythermal; Mayorella sp. (1)
is euryoxidic; M. cantabrigiensis
and M. vespertilioides are steno-
oxidic; M. cantabrigiensis toler-
ates high organic matter content,
and M. vespertilioides and May-
orella sp. (1) do not have toler-
ance to such conditions. Species
Fig. 3. Similarity of Mayorella amoebae complexes in various
types of water bodies in Ukraine according to the Chekanovsky–
Sørensen’s index (numbers in the nodes show the % probabilities
of clusters at 1000 bootstrap permutations).
Fig. 4. Ordination of Mayorella-like amoebae species complexes in
various types of water bodies by environmental factors (according
to non-parametric multi-dimensional scaling).
94 M. K. Patsyuk
of Mayorella form a lake species complex and a riparian complex, both tied to certain abiotic
factors.
Notably, M. cantabrigiensis was isolated from a remote fresh-water basin in Germany,
meaning that this protist can be widely distributed. Th e Ukrainian fauna of mayorellians is
probably not confi ned to ten species. Small number of species we have so far found can be
an artifact of sample transportation, culturing, and species identifi cation. Further research
is necessary to determine the distribution of these protists using methods of light and elec-
tron microscopy and molecular biology.
References
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Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Natural Habitats. Acta Protozool., 5, 29–42.
Goodkov, A. V., Buryakov, V. Yu., 1987. Mayorella dactylifera sp. n. (Gymnamoebia, Paramoebidae) and an
overview of marine Mayorella species. Zool. jorn., 67 (6), 927–931.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., Ryan, P. D., 2001. PAST: Palaeontological statistics soft ware package for educa-
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Received 16 April 2019
Accepted 25 October 2019
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/HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 5.0 i kasnijim verzijama.)
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/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
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| id | oai:ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua:article-15 |
| institution | Zoodiversity |
| issn | 2707-7268 |
| keywords_txt_mv | |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-08-21T01:01:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | ojsakademperiodykaorgua/33/ad7906cf9f7c6381e8912778a85cd033.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua:article-152026-08-20T12:37:33Z Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies Patsyuk, M. K. naked amoebae Mayorella Ukrainian water bodies abiotic factors In Ukrainian water bodies, the genus Mayorella Schaeffer, 1926 is represented by ten species: Mayorella cantabrigiensis Page, 1983, Mayorella vespertilioides Page, 1983, Mayorella bigemma Schaeffer, 1918, Mayorella leidyi Bovee, 1970, Mayorella penardi Page, 1972, Mayorella viridis Leidy, 1874, Mayorella sp. (1), Mayorella sp. (2), Mayorella sp. (3), Mayorella sp. (4). The most widely distributed are M. cantabrigiensis, M. vespertilioides, Mayorella sp. (1), the least observed are M. leidyi, M. penardi, M. viridis, Mayorella sp. (4). The distribution of amoebae is influenced by abiotic environmental factors. Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2020-05-05 Article Article application/pdf https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/15 10.15407/zoo2020.02.089 Zoodiversity; Vol. 54 No. 2 (2020): Zoodiversity Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii); Том 54 № 2 (2020): Zoodiversity 2707-7268 2707-725X 10.15407/zoo2020.02 en https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/15/13 Copyright (c) 2020 Zoodiversity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Patsyuk, M. K. Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies |
| title | Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies |
| title_full | Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies |
| title_fullStr | Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies |
| title_short | Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies |
| title_sort | naked lobose amoebae of the genus mayorella (amoebozoa, discosea, dermamoebida) in ukrainian water bodies |
| topic_facet | naked amoebae Mayorella Ukrainian water bodies abiotic factors |
| url | https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/15 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT patsyukmk nakedloboseamoebaeofthegenusmayorellaamoebozoadiscoseadermamoebidainukrainianwaterbodies |