Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species
Otolith traits such as size and mass were investigated in 60 fish specimens of C. kais and C. macrostomum collected from the Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye collected from September 2015 to December 2015. The purpose of this work was to determine the asymmetry level in the otolith length (OL),...
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| author | Jawad, L. A. Dörtbudak, M. Y. Yalçin, H. Park, J. M. |
| author_facet | Jawad, L. A. Dörtbudak, M. Y. Yalçin, H. Park, J. M. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "L. A. Jawad",
"institution": "School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand",
"orcid": ""
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{
"author": " M. Y. Dörtbudak",
"institution": "Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Türkiye",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5777-964X"
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{
"author": "H. Yalçin",
"institution": "Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Türkiye",
"orcid": ""
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"author": "J. M. Park",
"institution": "Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Republic of Korea",
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| author_orcid_str_mv | 0000-0001-5777-964X |
| author_sort | Jawad, L. A. |
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| container_title | Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii) |
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| datestamp_date | 2026-08-20T12:37:11Z |
| description | Otolith traits such as size and mass were investigated in 60 fish specimens of C. kais and C. macrostomum collected from the Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye collected from September 2015 to December 2015. The purpose of this work was to determine the asymmetry level in the otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW), and otolith mass (OM). OL's rate of asymmetry was greater than OW’s and OM's. The asymmetry in the three otolith traits rose with the fish length. The plausible reason for asymmetry in the otolith features explored has been considered relative to the inconsistency of growth triggered by ecological influence associated with the inconsistency in water temperature, salinity, depth, and contaminants occurring in the Tigris River System. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/zoo2023.05.411 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:36:28Z |
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© Publisher Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023. The article is published under
an open access license CC BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
UDC 597.551.2(560)
BILATERAL ASYMMETRY IN ASTERISCI OTOLITHS
OF CYPRINION KAIS AND C. MACROSTOMUM (CYPRINIFORMES,
CYPRINIDAE) COLLECTED FROM TIGRIS RIVER, ŞIRNAK
REGION, TÜRKİYE
L. A. Jawad1*, M. Y. Dörtbudak2, H. Yalçin3 & J. M. Park4
1School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Victoria Street West, Auckland
1142, New Zealand
2Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Fisheries and Diseases, 63200 Eyyübiye/
Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
3Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 63100 Haliliye/Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
4Dokdo Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Uljin 36315, Republic of Korea
*Corresponding author
E-mail: laith_jawad@hotmail.com
L. A. Jawad (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8294-2944)
M. Y. Dörtbudak (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-5678)
H. Yalçin (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-7821)
J. M. Park (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-7926)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC7AB2D6-B07D-4537-BFC0-16D70A70FC65
Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes,
Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye. Jawad, L. A., Dörtbudak, M. Y.,
Hamza Yalçin, H. & Park, J. M. — Otolith traits such as size and mass were investigated in 60 fish speci-
mens of C. kais and C. macrostomum collected from the Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye collected
from September 2015 to December 2015. The purpose of this work was to determine the asymmetry level
in the otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW), and otolith mass (OM). OL’s rate of asymmetry was great-
er than OW’s and OM’s. The asymmetry in the three otolith traits rose with the fish length. The plausible
reason for asymmetry in the otolith features explored has been considered relative to the inconsistency of
growth triggered by ecological influence associated with the inconsistency in water temperature, salinity,
depth, and contaminants occurring in the Tigris River System.
Key words : Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae, ecological factors, Cyprinion kais, Cyprinion macrostomum.
Zoodiversity, 57(5):411–420, 2023
DOI 10.15407/zoo2023.05.411
412 L. A. Jawad, M. Y. Dörtbudak, H. Yalçin & J. M. Park
Introduction
In the inner ear of fish, there are bony constructions known as otoliths (Popper & Lu, 2000). These struc-
tures are helpful in fish identification, evolutionary studies, and biological and fisheries management studies,
where the age of the fish can be determined based on ageing annuli found on the body of the otoliths (Jawad
& Mahé, 2022). The otoliths are inert metabolically and show continuous development all through the life of
the fish (Casselman, 1987). Their specific shape is usually used in separating species and fish stocks. The inner
ear inside the head of the fish accommodates three pairs of otoliths: sagittae, asterisci, and lapilli (Wright et al.,
2002). In most teleost fish species, the sagittae are the more prominent, and the asterisci are the smaller, but in
Cypriniform species, the asterisci are the larger (Phelps et al., 2007). Therefore, researchers usually used sagittae
(Panfili et al., 2002).
In latest years, the external features of the otoliths, precisely their size, have been believed to be a
means to assess different impacts (for review, see Ben Labidi et al., 2020). Investigations above have dis-
closed that the otolith morphology is one of the pinpointing qualities of the species (Sadighzadeh et al.,
2014) and influences alter that discrepancy in the otolith development during this development (Vignon
and Morat, 2010; Vignon, 2015; Hüssy et al., 2016; Ider et al., 2017; Fashandi et al., 2019). Even so, the
likely cause for the intra-individual inconsistency, primarily the asymmetry in the shape of the otolith on
both sides of the fish head, has been insufficiently explored (Mille et al., 2015). In a healthy habitat, the
growth of the three otoliths in the fish head is symmetrical regarding their external features (Panfili et
al., 2002). Yet, between individuals of the species, deviations in the structure of the otolith are perceived
(Popper & Lu, 2000) also mass differences (Ambuali et al., 2011; Jawad et al., 2012; Jawad et al., 2017;
Jawad et al., 2020; Jawad, 2013; Jawad and Sadighzadeh, 2013; Al Balushi et al., 2017; Dkhili et al., 2017;
Yedier et al., 2018). This irregularity in mass asymmetry is assumed to unveil the growth anomalies of
fish prompted by varied types of pressure, such as genetic or ecological impacts (Grønkjaer & Sand,
2003), and it might be immense (Scherer et al., 2001) or trivial (Takabayashi & Ohmura-Iwasaki, 2003).
Physiologically, the rise or fall in the asymmetry value of the otolith mass can negatively interrupt other
biological issues essential to the endurance of the fish, especially the hearing, equilibrium, and linear
speeding up (Panfili et al., 2005; Yedier et al., 2018).
The Kais kingfish, Cyprinion kais, is a freshwater species that lives in the Benthopelagic region (Froese &
Pauly, 2022). Individuals of this species reach a maximum total length of 159 mm and a maximum recorded
weight of 49.90 g (Esmaeili et al., 2014 a). They feed on filamentous algae, aquatic insects, and detritus (Al-Ru-
dainy, 2008). They reach maturity at age two, with females spawning over sand, stones, and gravel in May–June.
This species is restricted in its distribution to areas specializing in flowing water, and they move to canals and
other aquatic habitats for feeding. It is widespread in the Tigris–Euphrates Rivers basin, representing several
separate populations (Ünlü, 2006).
The Tigris kingfish, Cyprinion macrostomum, is a freshwater species that lives in a benthopelagic region
(Froese & Pauly, 2022). Individuals of this species reach a maximum total length of 204 mm and a maximum
recorded weight of 91.20 g (Esmaeili et al., 2014 b). Some characteristic features separate mature females from
the males, such as the presence of large tubercles on the snout in a broad band below the nostril level of the
males, extending under the eye and breaking into a few tubercles on the operculum. In addition, there is an
apparent tuberosity between the nostril and the eye, and fine tubercles are dispersed over the top of the head
(Coad, 2012). This species is found in the Orontes (= Asi), Quwayq Rivers, and the Tigris-Euphrates basins.
It prefers living in rivers, streams, lakes, dams, lagoons, ponds, springs, marshes, canals, jubes (= irrigation
ditches), and gravel pits (Pirani et al., 2013). The maximum known age of this species is five years (Faghani
Langroudi & Mousavi Sabet, 2018). It reaches maturity at 100–111 mm (Allouse et al., 1986). It feeds mainly on
periphyton, including Navicula, Cymbellla, Diatoma, and Nitzschia (Marammazi et al., 2014). Spawning hap-
pened from late May to mid-August when the water temperature was 16–24 °C (Faghani Langroudi & Mousavi
Sabet, 2018).
The influence of environmental impacts on the otolith morphology has been discussed by several studies
that proposed that environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, food availability, depth, and habi-
tat type are the principal matters that are predictable to be responsible for the variations in otolith morphology
among related individuals (Gagliano & McCormick, 2004; Mérigot et al., 2007; Hüssy, 2008; Morat et al., 2012).
The most recent investigations in this field on Turkish shores have specified that the otolith morphology is
likely to be associated with the discrepancy in ecological sites (Kontaş et al., 2017; Bostancı et al., 2017; Kontaş
et al., 2018; Kurucu et al., 2019; Yedier et al., 2022; Reis & Ateş, 2022). Although much research has been con-
ducted, the irregularity of the otolith morphology and mass in the two Cyprinion species examined in the exist-
ing study is lacking in Turkish waters. Consequently, this research aims to establish the level of the otolith mass,
length, and width asymmetry for the two Cyprinion species chosen for the existing investigation, which were
413Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species
collected from the Tigris River at Şırnak region, Türkiye, and its range was calculated. Likewise, the disparity of
this asymmetry was estimated through the different lengths of the examined specimens.
Material and Methods
Sixty specimens (30 specimens for each of C. kais and C. macrostomum) were attained through a routine
ichthyological collection in the Tigris River. The fishing activity was performed by the first author at the Şırnak
region between Güçlükonak and Cizre from September 2015 to December 2015 (fig. 1). Fish specimens of both
species examined (fig. 2) were kept chilled by using an ice box till arriving at the laboratory and were identified
following Coad (2022). Later on, the fish specimens were measured to the nearest mm for total length (TL),
standard length (SL), and fork length (FL). After that dissected to remove the asteriscus otolith from both sides
of the fish head. As soon as the otoliths were out, they were cleaned in 70 % ethanol and dried at room tempera-
ture. The otolith length (OL) (the longest most horizontal length across the otolith) and width (OW) (the most
extended vertical length across the otolith) were determined using a digital calliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm
(fig. 3). Total otolith mass (OM) was weighed using a normal analytical scale (HR-250AZ, A&D Company Ltd)
to the nearest 0.0001 g after Harvey et al. (2000) and Battaglia et al. (2010). Statistical analyses were performed
according to the squared coefficient of asymmetry variation (CVa
2) for the length, width, and mass of the otolith
obtained based on Valentine et al. (1973):
CVa
2 = (Sr-l X 100/Xr+l)
2, where:
Sr-l = the standard deviation of signed variances, Xr+l = is the mean of the character, calculated by adding the
absolute scores for both sides and dividing by the sample size.
Fig. 1. Map showing the location of sampling.
414 L. A. Jawad, M. Y. Dörtbudak, H. Yalçin & J. M. Park
Fig. 2. A, Cyprinion kais, 179 mm TL; B, C. macrostomum, 190 mm TL.
Fig. 3. Asteriscus otolith of A, Cyprinion kais, 179 mm TL; B, C. macrostomum, 190 mm TL. OL = otolith;
OW = otolith width.
415Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species
Individual errors in measuring sizes and otolith mass can disguise the results of dissimilarity calcula-
tions that render them useless (Palmer, 1994). Thus, to elude any unwanted fault in the present study, the
sizes and mass of the otolith were recorded by a single reader and achieved two times (Lee & Lysak, 1990).
The average measurements and mass of the otolith were used in this analysis. Dissimilarity coefficients were
calculated between the several length groups using the ANOVA test. The X values of the otolith mass asym-
metry vary from −2 to +2. These limit values imply maximal asymmetry, while the ‘0’ value signifies no asym-
metry between the right and left otoliths. For otolith mass asymmetry, a positive value of “X” means that the
left otolith is lighter than the right one (ML < MR), while a negative value of “X “indicates that the left otolith
is heavier than the right one (ML > MR). For each Cyprinion species analysed, the experimented individuals
were divided into length classes based on total length, and then the fluctuating asymmetry value for each size
class was calculated. The ANOVA test assessed the asymmetry coefficients among and within the size classes
of the two Cyprinion species.
Results
The analysis of asymmetry estimates of the OL, OW, and OM of C. kais and
C. macrostomum ranging in total length of 115–143 mm and 170–175 mm for C. kais
and C. macrostomum, respectively, were collected from the Tigris River at Şırnak re-
gion, Türkiye, are presented in table 1. This study’s data on otolith length, width, and
mass asymmetry are 63.67, 44.51, and 2.4556 for C. kais and 61.45, 43.81, and 2.4252 for
C. macrostomum.
The OL, OW, and OM asymmetry estimate for C. kais) were higher than those attained
for C. macrostomum. In both species, the value of otolith length asymmetry was the highest
among the values of asymmetry obtained for otolith width and otolith mass. The results re-
vealed that the absolute symmetry between left and right otoliths (X = 0) is rare. Generally,
X values vary around “0”. In this investigation, the percentage of asymmetry exceeded 50 %
in the two fish species investigated.
In the fish length groups of the two Cyprinion species examined, the highest level
of asymmetry of the three otolith biometric parameters (length, width, and mass) was
detected in fish with a considerable length of each species (table 1). The results indicated
a tendency for a rise in the estimates of the asymmetry of the three otolith characteristics
(length, width, and mass) of the two Cyprinion species explored (table 1).
The percentage of specimens exhibiting asymmetry in the OL characteristic was the
highest among the rates deliberate for the OW and OM of the two Cyprinion species studi
ed (table 1). The percentage of individuals with asymmetry was highest in those belonging
to the largest fish length group of each otolith feature assessed (table 2).
T a b l e 1 . The squared coefficient of asymmetry (CV2
a) value and character means (Xr+l) of two Cyprin-
ion fish species, Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum, collected from Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye
Character CV2
a N Character mean (mm) ± SD % of individuals with asymmetry
Cyprinion kais
Otolith length 63.67 30 10.05 ± 1.23 87
Otolith width 44.51 30 9.18 ± 1.02 77
Otolith mass 2.4556 30 16 ± 0.98 54 %
Cyprinion macrostomum
Otolith length 61.45 30 12.19 ± 0.11 62
Otolith width 43.81 30 10.48 ± 0.13 55
Otolith mass 2.4252 30 22 ± 0.97 34
416 L. A. Jawad, M. Y. Dörtbudak, H. Yalçin & J. M. Park
Discussion
In the present examination of the three characteristics of the asterisci of the two Cyprin-
ion species collected from the Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye was performed to exhibit
the bilateral asymmetry in these features. The recognised asymmetry in the otolith features
of the asteriscus of the two Cyprinion assessed may lessen the capability of the young in-
dividuals to stay on and be present in their suitable habitats (Gagliano et al., 2008). This
defect will lead to the imprecision of realising their home region by the young individuals
of the fish species. Regarding commercial fishing, such a crisis will decrease the fish stock
of a specific species. While the two Cyprinion species investigated are amongst the essential
freshwater species of Türkiye, the asymmetry on the otolith of the young will disturb the
stock of these species in this area.
The external morphology of the fish is regularly exposed to alterations in the habitat
background. Subsequently, the more significant asymmetry estimates of the otolith attri-
butes may indicate such an impact. The data on the link between various ecological con-
taminations and the otolith aspects of the two Cyprinion species investigated in the current
work must be included, which consecutively complicates evaluating asymmetry and pollu-
tion levels. Hence, it is not expected at this phase to have a specific outcome on the extrapo-
T a b l e 2 . The squared coefficient of asymmetry (CV2
a ) and character means (otolith length, width in
mm, and mass in g) by the size of two Cyprinion fish species, Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum
collected from Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye
Character CV2
a N Characters mean % of individuals with asymmetry
Cyprinion kais
Otolith length 30
111–130 61.63 18 9.98 ± 1.47 87
131–150 64.81 12 10.03 ± 2.03 83
Otolith width 30
111–130 41.81 18 8.99 ± 1.03 53
131–150 44.42 12 9.01 ± 2.05 56
Otolith mass 30
111–130 2.4375 18 16.11 ± 2.53 86
131–150 2.4578 12 15.98 ± 1.56 78
Cyprinion macrostomum
Otolith length 30
131–170 61.25 15 12.01 ± 1.44 77
171–200 62.65 13 12.32 ± 2.31 84
201–240 63.41 2 11.99 ± 2.11 87
Otolith width 30
131–170 40.31 15 10.35 ± 2.01 55
171–200 42.54 13 10.42 ± 2.25 57
201–240 43.72 2 9.98 ± 2.33 65
Otolith mass 30
131–170 2.4287 15 21.98 ± 1.65 57
171–200 2.4329 13 21.87 ± 2.04 65
201–240 2.4428 2 22.03 ± 1.20 78
N o t e. N — number of specimens; SD — standard deviation.
417Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species
lation of this event. The investigation examined the two Cyprinion species from only one
locality. Concurrently, no preceding information takes place on its asymmetry fluctuating
to permit judgments and evaluate the fluctuating asymmetry level. The present conclusions
will be regarded as a case study for future investigations and a reference record for analogy.
The assessment of the aspects of the otoliths revealed that the maximum level of asym-
metry in the two Cyprinion species analysed is the OL. Essentially, the asymmetry between
the right and left asterisci has previously been acknowledged for certain fish species (Ras-
trelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) (Al-Mamry et al., 2011); and Carangoides caerulepin-
natus (Rüppell, 1830) (Jawad, 2013) for which information is available. This could keep
the exposure of the otolith length to instantaneous alterations in the living surroundings.
Furthermore, the OM displayed the lowermost bilateral asymmetry level in the two Cyprin-
ion species explored, which means that this trait might be less subjected to ecological stress
effects involving pollution. Then, this minor asymmetry level can be interpreted as the
emerging phase of the otolith mass that might not be related to unfavourable environmen-
tal surroundings (Jawad, 2003).
Preceding research on otoliths disclosed several benthic and pelagic species with a
mean level of otolith mass asymmetry from −0.2 to 0.2 (Lychakov et al., 2008; Jawad &
Sadighzadeh, 2013; Al Balushi et al., 2017). The investigation revealed a higher otolith mass
asymmetry level for the two Cyprinion species analysed. This result concurs with that of
Bouriga et al. (Bouriga et al., 2021) on Trachurus mediterraneaus achieved from different
localities on the Tunisian waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Bouriga et al. (2021) related
such high values to the physiological condition of these species, their niches, and ecologi-
cal impacts (abiotic and biotic), where environmental and anthropogenic pressures have a
notable influence on the development of otoliths (Grønkjær, 2016).
As previously shown by Helling et al. (2003), the apparent effect of bilateral asymmetry
in fish otoliths is unusual swimming activity and disturbance with accurate sound signals,
resulting in the individuals’ inability to participate in their habitat (Lychakov & Rebane,
2005). Likewise, in comparison with the outcome accomplished in the research at hand,
equivalent and discrepancy results have been reached by various investigators for several
fish species across the world. For instance, Mejri et al. (2020) explored asymmetry in the
otolith shape, length, width, and area in Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) obtained from
the Gulf of Tunis. They found intra- and inter-population asymmetry is present in these
characteristics. Jawad (2012) suggested that the asymmetry rate in the otolith width is at
its peak amongst the length and width data gained for Lutjanus bengalensis (Bloch, 1790)
obtained from the Muscat coast on the Sea of Oman. Similarly, Jawad et al. (2012) in Sar-
dinella sindensis (Day, 1878) and Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775) attained from the Persian
Gulf near Bandar Abbas and Jawad et al. (2020) in Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell,
1852, and Coptodon guineensis (Günther, 1862) inspected from Lake Ahémé and Porto-
Novo Lagoon, Bénin, reached to a similar outcome. Likewise, Kontaş et al. (2018) assessed
the fluctuating asymmetry of the otolith area, length, perimeter, and width in four groups
of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) gained from the Middle Black Sea. They discov-
ered that the otolith area had the topmost asymmetry while the length had the bottommost.
Also, they recommended no significant relationship between the asymmetry levels of the
four otolith characters and the total length. The asymmetry in these features could result
from the strain of various Black Sea impurities.
Then, pollution has become a normal phenomenon for the two Cyprinion species liv-
ing in the basin of the Tigris River and may be held responsible for the asymmetry observed
in the three otolith characteristics, otolith length, width, and mass, and in particular in
418 L. A. Jawad, M. Y. Dörtbudak, H. Yalçin & J. M. Park
the otolith length. In addition, various authors have anticipated that genetic issues may be
blamed for the asymmetry on both sides of the otolith (Panfili et al., 2005). Yet, this issue
cannot be considered here because of the absence of genetic data on the two Cyprinion
species analysed.
Conflict of interest
The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical statement
This work is based on specimens collected through a routine ichthyological survey by the first author, and
the fish specimens obtained from the collection sites were dead. Therefore, no ethics is required in this case.
Author contribution
All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation and data collection
were performed by (Muhammed Yaşar Dörtbudak), and the statistical analyses were accomplished by (Hamza
Yalçin) and (Joo Myun Park). The first draft of the manuscript was written by (Laith A. Jawad), and all authors
commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
No fund was obtained for this work.
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Received 29 January 2023
Accepted 5 September 2023
|
| id | oai:ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua:article-444 |
| institution | Zoodiversity |
| issn | 2707-7268 |
| keywords_txt_mv | |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-08-21T01:01:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | ojsakademperiodykaorgua/e7/d9c7a9a04c9437e6f3227927a7d8e0e7.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua:article-4442026-08-20T12:37:11Z Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species Jawad, L. A. Dörtbudak, M. Y. Yalçin, H. Park, J. M. Actinopterygii Cyprinidae ecological factors Cyprinion kais Cyprinion macrostomum Otolith traits such as size and mass were investigated in 60 fish specimens of C. kais and C. macrostomum collected from the Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye collected from September 2015 to December 2015. The purpose of this work was to determine the asymmetry level in the otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW), and otolith mass (OM). OL's rate of asymmetry was greater than OW’s and OM's. The asymmetry in the three otolith traits rose with the fish length. The plausible reason for asymmetry in the otolith features explored has been considered relative to the inconsistency of growth triggered by ecological influence associated with the inconsistency in water temperature, salinity, depth, and contaminants occurring in the Tigris River System. Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2023-08-29 Article Article application/pdf https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/444 10.15407/zoo2023.05.411 Zoodiversity; Vol. 57 No. 5 (2023): Zoodiversity Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii); Том 57 № 5 (2023): Zoodiversity 2707-7268 2707-725X 10.15407/zoo2023.05 en https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/444/231 Copyright (c) 2023 Laith Jawad, Muhammed Dörtbudak, Hamza Yalçin, Joo Park |
| spellingShingle | Jawad, L. A. Dörtbudak, M. Y. Yalçin, H. Park, J. M. Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species |
| title | Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species |
| title_full | Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species |
| title_fullStr | Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species |
| title_short | Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye: Otolith asymmetry in Cyprinion species |
| title_sort | bilateral asymmetry in asterisci otoliths of cyprinion kais and c. macrostomum (cypriniformes, cyprinidae) collected from tigris river, şirnak region, türkiye: otolith asymmetry in cyprinion species |
| topic_facet | Actinopterygii Cyprinidae ecological factors Cyprinion kais Cyprinion macrostomum |
| url | https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/444 |
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