Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra

Males of Leptogenys (Lobopelta) borneensis Wheeler, 1919 are described, including their genital morphology, which is important for diagnostics and morphological phylogeny of the genus Leptogenys Roger, 1861. The mtDNA COI barcoding sequence of 607 bp obtained and uploaded to GenBank and BOLD. The sp...

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Published in:Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii)
Date:2024
Volume:58
Issue:1
ISSN:2707-7268
Author Affiliations:
  • R. Satria — Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
  • F. A. D. Nugraha — Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
  • A. Achyar — Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia — ORCID: 0009-0005-4183-0005
  • D. Zulyetti — College of Teacher Training and Education Abdi Pendidikan Payakumbuh, Payakumbuh, West Sumatra, Indonesia
  • K. Eguchi — Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
Main Authors: Satria, R., Nugraha, F. A. D., Achyar, A., Zulyetti, D., Eguchi, K.
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author Satria, R.
Nugraha, F. A. D.
Achyar, A.
Zulyetti, D.
Eguchi, K.
author_facet Satria, R.
Nugraha, F. A. D.
Achyar, A.
Zulyetti, D.
Eguchi, K.
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description Males of Leptogenys (Lobopelta) borneensis Wheeler, 1919 are described, including their genital morphology, which is important for diagnostics and morphological phylogeny of the genus Leptogenys Roger, 1861. The mtDNA COI barcoding sequence of 607 bp obtained and uploaded to GenBank and BOLD. The species was previously known from Borneo (Malaysia: Sarawak — type locality), Thailand and Vietnam and is recorded for the first time from Sumatra (Indonesia)
doi_str_mv 10.15407/zoo2024.01.019
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fulltext © Publisher Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the NAS of Ukraine, 2024. The article is published under an open access license CC BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) UDC 595.796(594.43) DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE CASTE OF LEPTOGENYS BORNEENSIS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE), WITH ITS FIRST DISCOVERY IN SUMATRA R. Satria1,*, F. A. D. Nugraha2, A. Achyar3, D. Zulyetti4, & K. Eguchi5 1,2,3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, 35171, Indonesia 1,2,3Biodiversity of Sumatra Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sci- ences, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, 35171, Indonesia 4CTKIP Yayasan Abdi Pendidikan Payakumbuh, Payakumbuh, West Sumatra, 26213, Indonesia 5Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 1920397, Japan *Corresponding author E-mail: rijalsatria@yahoo.co.id, rijalsatria@fmipa.unp.ac.id R. Satria (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-8180) F. A. D. Nugraha (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-8515) A. Achyar (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7132-0277) K. Eguchi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1295) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60B2B9AE-C508-4804-9E48-C680DD964812 Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra. Satria, R., Nugraha, F. A. D., Achyar, A., Zulyetti, D. & Eguchi, K. — Males of Leptogenys (Lobopelta) borneensis Wheeler, 1919 are described, including their genital morphology, which is important for diagnostics and morphological phylogeny of the genus Leptogenys Roger, 1861. The mtDNA COI barcoding sequence of 607 bp obtained and uploaded to GenBank and BOLD. The spe- cies was previously known from Borneo (Malaysia: Sarawak — type locality), Thailand and Vietnam and is recorded for the first time from Sumatra (Indonesia). Key words: ants, Leptogenys, new record, male, morphology. Zoodiversity, 58(1): 19–26, 2024 DOI 10.15407/zoo2024.01.19 20 R. Satria, F. A. D. Nugraha, A. Achyar, D. Zulyetti, & K. Eguchi Introduction The genus Leptogenys Roger, 1861 includes 316 valid nominal species and 14 subspecies and is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, with some species distributed in Holartics (Lattke, 2011; Janicki et al., 2016; Guénard et al., 2017; Arimoto & Yamane 2018). Previously in Sumatra Island, the sixth largest island of the world, nine species and three subspecies have been recorded (Janicki et al., 2016; Guénard et al., 2017), but the total species richness of the genus seems to be underestimated if compared with other localities of Indonesia or other parts of Southeast Asia, such as 15 species in Java (Karavaiev, 1925, 1926; Chapman & Capco, 1951; Ito et al., 2001), 14 species in Thailand (Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005; Khachonpisitsak et al., 2020), 18 species in Borneo (Bakhtiar & Chiang, 2011; Pfeiffer et al., 2011), 17 species and two subspecies in West Malaysia and Singapore (Imai et al., 1983; Maruyama et al., 2010; Arimoto, 2017; Wang et al., 2022). Then, in our course of inventory and taxonomic studies of ants in Sumatra, we have newly recorded species and genera from Sumatra (Satria et al., 2015; Satria et al., 2017; Satria & Yamane, 2019; Satria & Herwina, 2020; Satria & Jannatan, 2021; Musfira et al., 2022; Satria et al., 2022), and we herein record Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919 as new to Sumatra Island. Furthermore, we also describe the hitherto unknown male of this species for the first time, with a special attention to genital morphology. Material and Methods In our surveys of leaf-litter ants conducted in December 2021 in Mount Sago (0°19'16.1472" S 100°39'39.2472" E, ca. 1500 m alt.), Situjuah Banda Dalam, Situjuah Limo Nagari, 50 Kota District, West Su- matra, Indonesia, a colony (colony code: RS-SG-02) of Leptogenys borneensis was found by visual searching and collected. All specimens were deposited in the Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang which is managed by Rijal Satria (RSC). Species determination of Leptogenys borneensis was made by referring to the original description by Wheeler (1919), and images of the type material (MCZ cotype no. 20498) provided by the Database of the Zoo- logical Collections, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZbase, 2022). The genitalia of the males preserved in 70 % ethanol were slide-mounted by following Satria et al. (2015). The genitalia were dissected into several main components using forceps in a small amount of Euparal (Wal- deck GmbH & Co. KG) on a slide glass, and covered with a cover-slip. These slide-mounted specimens were examined with a Nikon SMZ1270 stereomicroscope. Multi-focused montage image were produced using Helicon Focus Pro. (Helicon Soft Ltd., http:// www.heliconsoft.com/) from a series of source images taken by a Canon EOS KissX5 digital camera attached to a Nikon SMZ1270 stereomicroscope. Artifacts/ghosts and unnecessary parts (unfocused ap- pendages, insect pin, etc.) surrounding or covering target objects were erased and cleaned up using the retouching function of Helicon Focus Pro, and the color balance, contrast and sharpness were adjusted using Adobe Photoshop CS6. The parts of the bodies were measured using ImageJ 1.49 m (National Institute of Mental Health, USA, available at http://imageJ.nih.gov/ij/) based on the photographs taken using a Canon EOS KissX5 digital cam- era attached to the Nikon SMZ1270 stereomicroscope under suitable magnifications. Morphological termi- nology, abbreviations of measurements and indices follow Boudinot (2013, 2018), and Satria et al. (2015) for genitalia, and Arimoto & Yamane (2018) for body: HW = head width; HL = head length; EL = eye length; EW  = eye width; OL = median ocellus length; OED = ocellus-eye distance; SL = scape length; WL = Weber's length; PW = pronotum width; PTH = petiole height; PTL = petiole length; CI = HW×100/HL; SI = SL×100/ HW; PTHI  = PTH×100/PTL. Taxonomy Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919 (figs 1–3) Leptogenys (Lobopelta) borneensis Wheeler, 1919: 59, worker, type locality: Malaysia (Sar- awak: Kuching) Diagnosis of the worker Head in frontal view with its posterior margin slightly convex; mandible triangular; clypeus strongly carinate. Mesosoma in lateral view, long and slender; dorsal margin of mesothorax slightly concave; posterior margin of petiole weakly convex. Petiolar node in frontal and lateral views with a bluntly pointed apex, in lateral view with anterior slope 21Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery... broadly convex and posterior slope weakly convex or almost straight; subpetiolar process not developed. The body dark brown with legs and antennae paler. Mater ia l examined . Indonesia: West Sumatra, 50 Kota District, Situjuah Limo Nagari, Situjuah Banda Dalam, Mt. Sago, 0°19'16.1472" S 100°39'39.2472" E, ca. 1500 m alt., 13.12.2021, colony code RS- SG-02, 15 workers and 4 males (individual code: RJ6-8vi22, RJ7-8vi23, SEMUT13xii2021-B, Rj-6-COI-ext. 6.12.2022) (leg. R.  Satria) (RSC). Mater ia l used for DNA barcoding One male, colony code RS- SG-02, individual code: Rj-6- COI-ext6vii2022. The 607 bp of barcode sequence is available at GenBank NCBI (accession num- ber: OP872668) and BOLD Sys- tem (https://www.boldsystems. org/, Project name: UNP, Pro- cess ID: UNP002-23). Fig. 1. Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919 (worker, individual code: SEMUT13xii2021-A, colony code: RS- SAGO-02): A — head in full-face view; B — body in lateral view; C — mesosoma in lateral view; D — mesosoma in dorsal view; E — petiole in lateral view. Fig. 2. Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919 (male, individual code: SEMUT13xii2021-B, colony code: RS-SAGO-02): habitus in lateral view. 22 R. Satria, F. A. D. Nugraha, A. Achyar, D. Zulyetti, & K. Eguchi Descript ion of the male Head in full-face view oval, slightly shorter than wide; posteri- or margin of head convex. Preoc- cipital carina distinct dorsally and laterally, but not forming a flange. Mandible without basal angle and teeth, apex rounded. Palp formu- la: 4, 4. Eye large and occupies 2/3 of head length. Ocelli large; major axis of median ocellus longer than minimum distance between lateral ocelli; major axis of lateral ocellus shorter than minimum distance be- tween lateral ocellus and eye. Anten- na 13-merous; scape length less than half of head width, 2/3 as long as 3rd antennomere; 2nd antennomere 0.25 as long as scape; 3rd to 12th antenno- meres each extremely long and cy- lindrical; 13th antennomere extreme- Fig. 3. Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919 (male, individual code: SEMUT13xii2021-B, colony code: RS- SAGO-02): A — head in full-face view; B — ocelli; C — mesosoma in lateral view; D — mesosoma in dorsal view; E — petiole in lateral view; F — petiole in dorsal view; G — forewing; H — hind wing. Fig. 4. Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919 (male, individual code: RJ7-8vi22, colony code: RS-SAGO-02): A — abdominal sternite IX; B — abdominal tergite IX; C — Gonopod (paramere) and volsella, left-side, inner view; D — penisvalva, left-side, inner view. 23Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery... ly long, tapering apically. Clypeus without longitudinal median carina; anterior margin broadly convex. Mesoscutum in dorsal view longer than wide, widest posterior to mid-length, broadly convex in lateral view; notaulus scrobiculate; parapsidal line longer than half length of mes- oscutal sulcus; transscutal line sinuous. Mesopleuron distinct and complete. Metapleuro- propodeal suture present. Propodeal dorsum in lateral view straight, longer than length of declivity; propodeal declivity broadly convex; propodeal spiracle circular. Wing venation as in figs 2, G, H, with stigma; fore wing approximately 3 times as long as wide, approxi- mately 1.3 times as long as hind wing length; hind wing approximately 3.5 times as long as wide. Fore tibia with single spur, each middle and hind tibia with two spurs. Pretarsal claw multidentate. Petiole in lateral view longer than height, in dorsal view longer than wide (fig. 3, F); lateral margin straight in dorsal view; petiolar node in lateral view subtrapezoidal, anteri- or margin inclined posterad, posterior margin slightly inclined anterad. Anterior lobe of subpetiolar process in lateral view short, with postero-ventral angle sharpened; posteri- or extension in lateral view long and low, separated from anterior lobe by shallow notch, with ventral margin broadly convex. Pygostyle digitiform with long setae on apical half (fig. 3, A). Abdominal sternite 9 with elongate, subtriangular apical lobe of which apex is round (fig. 3, B). Genital capsule longer than broad. Gonopod apex in lateral view longer than high (fig. 3, C). Lateropenite in lateral view rectangular with rounded corners and long, its pos- terior margin as long as cuspis. Cuspis in lateral view elongate and weakly arched dorsal of lateropenite, apically slightly swollen, rounded. Apicoventral apex of valviceps strongly produced; basiventral corner of valviceps distinctly produced; ventral margin of valviceps with 13 denticles (fig. 3, D). Head entirely smooth and shiny, except on area between median and lateral ocelli fine- ly striate. Mandible and clypeus weakly sculptured. Pronotum, mesoscutum, mesopleuron, propodeum, petiole and gaster smooth and shiny; mesoscutellum with longitudinal stria- tion. Head, mesosoma, legs, petiole and gaster with fine dense subdecumbent to decumbent various length of hairs; hairs on head longer than other. For color pattern see in figs 2, A–F; body basically dark brown; clypeus, mandible, antennal scape, and legs paler. Measurements of the Males (n= 3) HW 1.54–1.56 mm, HL 1.31–1.32 mm, EL 0.82 mm, EW 0.61–0.62 mm, OL 0.18 mm, OED 0.24 mm, SL 1.17 mm, WL 3.30 mm, PTH 0.69–0.70 mm, PTL 0.80 mm, CI 84–85, SI 88, PTHI 86–87. Remarks Leptogenys borneensis is recorded for the first time in Sumatra Island. The colony was found in decayed wood stump along the hiking trails (ca. 1500 m a.s.l.). Workers and males were found but no queen was found from the colony. So far, based on Forel (1913), Karavaiev (1925, 1926) and this paper, the male caste is known for the following four species and one subspecies of the genus Leptogenys from the island of Sumatra: Leptogenys diminuta (F. Smith, 1857); Leptogenys diminuta fruh- storferi Emery, 1896; Leptogenys kraepelini Forel, 1905; Leptogenys myops (Emery, 1887), 24 R. Satria, F. A. D. Nugraha, A. Achyar, D. Zulyetti, & K. Eguchi including Leptogenys borneensis in the present study. However, the morphology of the male genitalia of these species remains unknown, except for L. borneensis, which is pro- vided in this study. The morphology of male genitalia provides useful characteristics to confirm and de- limitate the species of ants, and to predict evolutionary trends in behavior and reproductive biology (Boudinot, 2013). The important characteristic of male morphology and genitalia that used for species delimitation were highlighted in the following previous studies: in the genus Odontomachus (Satria et al., 2015); in the genus Opamyrma (Yamada et al., 2020); in the genus Metapone (Wang et al., 2019); in the genus Pheidole (Wang et al., 2018); in the ge- nus Dinoponera (Lenhart et al., 2013; Tozetto & Lattke, 2020): in the genus Cardiocondyla (Schmidt & Heinze, 2017). In the case of the genus Odontomachus, where the taxonomy problems of Odontomachus rixosus complex confused the myrmecologist for decades, then it can be resolved by using the information of the morphology and genitalia of the male caste (Satria et al., 2015). However, the study of the male genitalia in the genus Leptogenys is still limited, Trager & Johnson (1988) confirmed the status of Leptogenys elongata (Buck- ley, 1866) and L. manni (Buckley, 1866). They stated that the study of male genitalia is im- portant in future revisionary work on Leptogenys (Trager & Johnson 1988). Lattke (2011) used male morphology as part of his argument for synonymising L. mexicana (Mayr, 1870) with L. elongata (Buckley, 1866). Distribution. Indonesia: Sumatra (new record); Malaysia; Thailand; Vietnam. Acknowledgements We wish to thank Mr. Rudi Yuliandri, Ms. Nur Aqsha, Ms. Putri Ratna Desi, Mr. Niko, and Mr. Rezha for their helps in field research. This research was financed mostly by PNBP Research Grants of Universitas Negeri Padang for Biodiversity of Sumatra Research Group under contract No. 1750/UN35.13/LT/2022 (Team Leader: Rijal Satria), and partly by Tokyo Metropolitan University Fund for TMU Strategic Research (Leader: Prof. Noriaki Murakami; FY2020–FY2022). References Arimoto, K. 2017. Taxonomy of the Leptogenys modiglianii species group from southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). ZooKeys, 651, 79–106. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.651.10366) Arimoto, K. & Yamane, Sk. 2018. Taxonomy of the Leptogenys chalybaea species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) from Southeast Asia. Asian Myrmecology, 10: e010008. https://doi.org/10.20362/ am.010008) Bakhtiar, E. Y. & Chiang, S. L. 2011. Leptogenys ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) of Sabah. Serangga, 15 (1–2), 37–54. Boudinot, B. E. 2013. 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spelling oai:ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua:article-5072026-08-20T12:37:10Z Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra Satria, R. Nugraha, F. A. D. Achyar, A. Zulyetti, D. Eguchi, K. ants Leptogenys New record Male Genital Morphology Males of Leptogenys (Lobopelta) borneensis Wheeler, 1919 are described, including their genital morphology, which is important for diagnostics and morphological phylogeny of the genus Leptogenys Roger, 1861. The mtDNA COI barcoding sequence of 607 bp obtained and uploaded to GenBank and BOLD. The species was previously known from Borneo (Malaysia: Sarawak — type locality), Thailand and Vietnam and is recorded for the first time from Sumatra (Indonesia) Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2024-02-05 Article Article application/pdf https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/507 10.15407/zoo2024.01.019 Zoodiversity; Vol. 58 No. 1 (2024): Zoodiversity Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii); Том 58 № 1 (2024): Zoodiversity 2707-7268 2707-725X 10.15407/zoo2024.01 en https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/507/245 Copyright (c) 2024 Rijal Satria, Fitra Arya Dwi Nugraha, Afifatul Achyar, Diana Zulyetti, Katsuyuki Eguchi
spellingShingle Satria, R.
Nugraha, F. A. D.
Achyar, A.
Zulyetti, D.
Eguchi, K.
Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra
title Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra
title_full Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra
title_fullStr Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra
title_full_unstemmed Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra
title_short Description of the Male Caste of Leptogenys borneensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with Its First Discovery in Sumatra
title_sort description of the male caste of leptogenys borneensis (hymenoptera, formicidae), with its first discovery in sumatra
topic_facet ants
Leptogenys
New record
Male Genital Morphology
url https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/507
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