On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
This paper contains information on the records of bottom macroinvertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals collected during a field expedition to the valley of the Shokhdara River (in the vicinities of town of Khorog city) near its mouth and confluence with Panj River in autumn 2019...
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| Published in: | Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii) |
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| Date: | 2024 |
| Volume: | 58 |
| Issue: | 3 |
| ISSN: | 2707-7268 |
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| Language: | English |
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2024
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| author | Afanasyev, S. A. Marushchak, O. Yu. Lietytska, O. M. Abdulnazarov, A. Golub, O. O. Domashevsky, S. V. Gavris, G. G. |
| author_facet | Afanasyev, S. A. Marushchak, O. Yu. Lietytska, O. M. Abdulnazarov, A. Golub, O. O. Domashevsky, S. V. Gavris, G. G. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "S. A. Afanasyev",
"institution": "Institute of Hydrobiology NAS of Ukraine",
"orcid": ""
},
{
"author": "O. Yu. Marushchak",
"institution": "I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv",
"orcid": ""
},
{
"author": "O. M. Lietytska",
"institution": "Institute of Hydrobiology NAS of Ukraine",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7026-4093"
},
{
"author": "A. Abdulnazarov",
"institution": "Pamir Biological Institute NAS of Tajikistan",
"orcid": ""
},
{
"author": "O. O. Golub",
"institution": "Institute of Hydrobiology NAS of Ukraine",
"orcid": ""
},
{
"author": "S. V. Domashevsky",
"institution": "Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine",
"orcid": ""
},
{
"author": "G. G. Gavris",
"institution": "I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv",
"orcid": ""
}
] |
| author_orcid_str_mv | 0000-0001-7026-4093 |
| author_sort | Afanasyev, S. A. |
| baseUrl_str | https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| container_end_page | |
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | |
| container_title | Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii) |
| container_volume | 58 |
| datestamp_date | 2026-08-20T12:36:49Z |
| description | This paper contains information on the records of bottom macroinvertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals collected during a field expedition to the valley of the Shokhdara River (in the vicinities of town of Khorog city) near its mouth and confluence with Panj River in autumn 2019 – spring 2020. According to the results of the study, 3 fish species (Actinopterigii) were found inhabiting Shokhdara River with 1 additional species being confirmed by locals. The taxonomic composition of the registered fish species is as follows: Cyprinidae – 2, Nemacheilidae – 1. 5 species of reptiles (Squamata: Colubridae – 2, Viperidae – 1, Agamidae – 1, Gekkonidae - 1), and 1 species of amphibians (Anura: Bufonidae – 1) were registered within the investigated area. 24 taxonomic groups of water macroinvertebrates were spotted (89,7% - Insecta): Simuliidae - 35,8%, Ephemeroptera – 18,7%, Chironomidae – 18%, Trichoptera – 10,5%, Oligochaeta – 6,5%, Plecoptera – 2,8%, Diptera – 2,5%, Gastropoda – 2,5%. Nematoda, Turbilaria, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Сyclops, Sphaerium, Araneida, Acarina, Odonata, Heteroptera, Colleoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Megaloptera in total counted as only 2,7% of all registered macroinvertebrates. A total of 99 bird species (48% of the avifauna of the studied region) were registered during autumn/spring research. Among Mammalia class such valuable and rare internationally protected species as Asian otter, snow leopard and Himalayan brown bear were confirmed to inhabit the areas adjacent to the studies river valley. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/zoo2024.03.203 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:36:50Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© Publisher Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the NAS of Ukraine, 2024. The article is published under
an open access license CC BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
UDC 591.9:504.453(235.211:575.3)
ON THE STUDY OF FAUNA (MACROINVERTEBRATES, FISH,
AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS AND MAMMALS) OF THE
LOWER COURSE OF SHOKHDARA RIVER VALLEY IN PAMIR,
MOUNTAIN BODAKHSHAN, TAJIKISTAN
S. A. Afanasyev1*, O. Yu. Marushchak2, O. M. Lietytska1, A. Abdulnazarov3,
O. O. Golub1, S. V. Domashevsky4 & G. G. Gavris2
1Institute of Hydrobiology NAS of Ukraine, prosp. Heroiv Stalinhradu, 12, Kyiv, 04210 Ukraine
2І. І. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, Kyiv, 01054 Ukraine
3Pamir Biological Institute NAS of Tajikistan, Kholdorov S., 2, Khorog, Tajikistan
4Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve, vul. Tolochyna, 28, Ivankiv, 07201 Ukraine
*Corresponding author
E-mail: safanasyev@ukr.net
O. Yu. Marushchak (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9380-5593)
S. O. Afanasyev (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-3542)
O. M. Lietytska (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-4093)
S. V. Domashevsky (https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1225-5803)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3F04CD93-46D4-4C15-B87C-3F7ADEC70CD4
On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the
Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan. Afanasyev, S. A.,
Marushchak, O. Yu., Lietytska, O. M., Abdulnazarov, A., Golub, O. O., Domashevsky, S. V. &
Gavris, G. G. — This paper contains information on the records of bottom macroinvertebrates, fish, am-
phibians, reptiles, birds and mammals collected during a field expedition in the valley of the Shokhdara
River (in the vicinity of Khorog) near its mouth and confluence with the Panj River in autumn 2019–
spring 2020. As a result of the study, 3 species of fish (Actinopterigii Cyprinidae — 2, Nemacheilidae —
1 were found in the Shokhdara River and 1 additional species was confirmed by local people. Five species
of reptiles (Squamata, Colubridae — 2, Viperidae — 1, Agamidae — 1, Gekkonidae — 1) and 1 species of
amphibians (Anura, Bufonidae — 1) were recorded. Twenty-four taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrates were
recorded (89.7 % — Insecta): Simuliidae — 35.8 %, Ephemeroptera — 18.7 %, Chironomidae — 18 %,
Trichoptera — 10.5 %, Oligochaeta — 6.5 %, Plecoptera — 2.8 %, Diptera — 2.5 %, Gastropoda — 2.5 %.
Zoodiversity, 58(3):203–220, 2024
DOI 10.15407/zoo2024.03.203
204 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
Nematoda, Turbellaria, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Cyclops spp., Sphaerium spp., Araneida, Acarina, Odo-
nata, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Megaloptera represented only 2.7 % of the
collected specimens of bottom invertebrates. Ninety-nine bird species (48 % of the avifauna of the study
area) were recorded during the autumn/spring surveys. Among mammals, rare and internationally pro-
tected species such as Asian otter, snow leopard and Himalayan brown bear were confirmed to inhabit the
areas adjacent to the surveyed river valley.
Key words : Tajikistan, Pamir, Shokhdara River valley, bottom macroinvertebrates, fish, herpetofauna,
avifauna, teriofauna, mountain rivers.
Introduction
Animal groups such as aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish, reptiles and amphibians are highly vulnerable to
habitat loss, pollution and anthropogenic modification due to their heavy dependence on water resources. Due
to their relatively low mobility (lack of long-distance migration), these animal groups are particularly sensitive
to the quantity and quality of water sources. Some populations may even become extinct before scientists have
a chance to discover them. Ecosystems in mountainous regions and valleys are the most vulnerable and the best
preserved. Yet they remain poorly understood (Afanasyev et al., 2013).
Global climate processes and increasing anthropogenic activities, including mining, recreation and hu-
man economic activities, have a significant impact on these watercourses, as noted in a number of studies in
recent decades (Afanasyev, 2003; Afanasyev et al., 2014; Afanasyev et al., 2020; Marushchak et al., 2022). It is
therefore crucial to collect as much data as possible from these areas to track and monitor biodiversity both lo-
cally and globally (Vasyliuk et al., 2022; Nekrasova & Marushchak, 2023; Nekrasova et al., 2021).
Regions that are difficult to reach due to their geographical location, especially those under intense an-
thropogenic pressure, pose a significant threat to native biodiversity (Milius, 2010; Keil et al., 2015; Bjorkland &
Bjorkland, 2021). Some of these areas are potentially places of local endemism due to the geographical isolation
of small territories, which prevents free gene flow and can lead to the development of new taxonomic groups
(Noroozi et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2022; Polchaninova & Marushchak, 2023). In such areas, even more mobile
animals, such as birds and mammals, deserve the attention of scientists. Faunistic studies of the mountain re-
gions of Central Asia are scarce and usually do not present the modern status and distribution of many species
(Klys & Lis, 2022).
The primary objective of this study is to document the fauna, including aquatic invertebrates, fish, am-
phibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, of a difficult-to-access region in the Pamir Mountains on the lower part
of the Shokhdara River near its confluence with the Panj River on the border between Tajikistan and Afghani-
stan. These published data will provide valuable insights into seasonal population numbers and contribute to
distribution maps of the fauna of Tajikistan.
Material and Methods
The field surveys were conducted in autumn (September 26–October 3) 2019 and in spring (May 16–30)
2020 (only bottom macroinvertebrates, birds, mammals and herpetofauna) along the valley of Shokhdara River
and its inflow to the Panj River. Surveys covered the territory of the river’s channel, banks and slopes of the
surrounding mountain ridges from Khorog city to the village of Parzuj. Shokhdara is the river at South-West
of Pamir in Tajikistan, left tributary of Gunt River. The catchment of the Shokhdara River is 4,190 km2. Shokh-
dara is the biggest tributary of Gunt. The Shokhdara River has its source from a lake at the elevation of 4,668 m
a. s. l. and enters Gunt River at the elevation of 2,105 m a. s. l. The total length of Shokhdara River is 142 km,
total drop — 2,563 m, average slope — 18 ‰. The special feature of the river basin is a well-developed river
network. The Shokhdara River has around 40 tributaries with lengths of more than 10 km. The biggest tributary
is Badomdara River. The share of snow water in Shokhdara discharge is 39 %, ice melting — 20 % and ground-
water r— 41 % (fig. 1).
Macroinvertebrates were sampled according to the European Union (EU) “kick and sweep” method
(Schmidt-Kloiber, 2006) using the ”AQEM/STAR“ software. Based on the samples collected, the specifics of the
invertebrate composition of each of the three studied rivers were identified to the taxon level of family or higher
(Afanasyev & Lietytska, 2019; Marushchak et al., 2022). To identify large and rare forms of invertebrates, we
conducted qualitative sampling in microhabitats (underwater branches, cut arms, small tributaries). Quantita-
tive sampling was also carried out by washing out stones at selected sites measuring 0.5 × 0.5 m. These sites
were chosen to be representative of the most typical habitats. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected from
9 sites (table 1). Comparison of the main groups of invertebrates recorded in the study sites was made using the
Sørensen-Dice coefficient (Sørensen, 1948).
205On the study of fauna of the lower course of Shokhdara River valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
Fish surveys were conducted at several sites along the rivers in the study area. Fish were caught in the field
using non-lethal capture devices: fishing rod, 20 mm mesh casting net and 20 mm mesh fish landing net. Each
fish caught was measured for size (height and length), identified to species, sex and age, and immediately released
back into the wild. We also conducted interviews with local people used to interacting with the river (fishermen,
local farmers, etc.). A total of 53 traps were used, 9 with ichthyological nets, and 3 baskets. All these devices are
non-lethal. A total of 167 fish were caught. After measurements, the fish were released back into the river.
The registration of herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) took place in the Shokhdara River valley.
Particular registrations made by local residents in spring 2020 are also included in the results of the survey.
Investigation area included the near-water areas of the river, adjacent mountain slopes, areas adjacent to the
banks along the road. For all representatives of the herpetofauna found on the routes, the registration points were
recorded (using GPS-recording in Maps. Me mobile
app v. 4.3.0) and then visualised in Google Earth
7.1.8.3036 (32-bit). All animals were studied in vivo
using the route method (the width of the counting
trail was 4 m (2 m on the right + 2 m on the left).
The animals were photographed using an Olympus
SP570UZ digital camera and released at the place of
capture. Animals were registered visually, by their
remnants (road kills, shed skin) and as a result of
survey of the local people with demonstrations of the
animals’ pictures. Species were identified according
to the published morphological keys (Bannikov et
al., 1977; Kuzmin, 2012). It is important to mention
that as the surveys were conducted at the end of
September, some of the expected species were hard
to identify, because this is the time of reduction of
life activity of herpetofauna and preparation for
wintering. All the animals were found only at the
right bank of Shokhdara, because it receives more
sunlight than the left bank, which has no light
Fig. 1. Study area and sampling station.
T a b l e 1 . Survey sites for macroinvertebrates
Site # Coordinates Elevation
a.s.l., m
1 37.3346 N 71.7140 E 2,567
2 37.3374 N 71.7128 E 2,563
3 37.3409 N 71.7120 E 2,560
4 37.3459 N 71.7029 E 2,529
5 37.3519 N 71.6969 E 2,502
6 37.3609 N 71.6907 E 2,453
7 37.3636 N 71.6876 E 2,443
8 37.3678 N 71.6994 E 2,429
9* 37.3071 N 71.7576 E 2,580
*Only macroforms of invertebrates washed off
stones and wood from the riverbed without count.
206 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
starting from 16:00 local time. So, the animals at the right bank have more time to get warmer and stay active
longer. Reduction of snake activities in this season was also confirmed in the interviews with local people.
Birds were identified visually and by voice. Photo camera with high resolution was used for the purposes
of visual detection and further identification of species by photos. Other species were identified with the help
of binoculars. Species abundance was identified at transects using the MacKinnon lists technique (a rapid
assessment methodology designed for use in species rich environments).
The following methods were used to detect mammals: field registration of animals or signs of their pres-
ence (traces, excrements, food remains, etc.); night surveys; photo cameras using food baits; literature data and
interviews with local residents (hunters).
Results
Macroinvertebrates
According to the data collected, 24 higher taxonomic groups of aquatic invertebrates
were identified. Among them, the class Insecta was dominant (89.7 %).
Insecta: Ephemeroptera represented 18.7 % of the collected specimens of bottom
invertebrates, Trichoptera — 10.5 %, Plecoptera — 2.8 %, Diptera Simuliidae — 35.8 %,
Chironomidae — 18 %, other Diptera — 2.5 %, Mollusca Gastropoda — 2.5 %, Oligo-
chaeta — 6.5 %, — others (Nematoda, Turbilaria, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Cyclops, Sphae-
rium, Araneida, Acarina, Odonata, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and
Megaloptera in total) — 2.7 % (fig. 2).
The distribution of taxa of aquatic invertebrates by sampling sites is shown in table 2.
The results of the comparison of the main groups of invertebrates recorded in the study
sites are highlighted in table 3.
There were no species of special conservation status among the large invertebrates in
the Republic of Tajikistan.
We identified the following species of the mentioned macroinvertebrate families,
which are typical for the region of Central Asia and the Pamirs.
Mollusca Gastropoda were represented by Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus,
1758). During the autumn period they got massively developed in the lateral arms at the
sampling site No 1 and juvenile species — at the sampling site 3.
Insect order Odonata was represented just by one species Aeshna grandis Lin-
naeus, 1758, which was very abundant at the sampling site #1 and in lateral arms near this
sampling site.
Order Ephemerop-
tera was represented by 12 spe
cies, of which the nymphs of
Baetidae were dominant in the
whole study area. It is worth
mentioning that in autumn
most of the nymphs were at
early instars, which made
their identification difficult.
The following species were
identified Cloeon tadjikistani-
cus Brodsky, 1930 was seen
along the whole study area;
Baetis sp. ex gr. muticus (Lin-
naeus, 1758) was seen along
Simuliidae
Epheneroptera
35.8
18.7
18.0
10.5
Chironomidae
Trichoptera
Diptera
2.5
Gastropoda
2.5
Other
2.7
Oligochaeta
6.5
Plecoptera
2.8
Fig. 2. Composition of invertebrates’ communities within all studied
monitoring stations.
207On the study of fauna of the lower course of Shokhdara River valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
the whole study area and in the lateral arms; B. sp. cf. gracilis Bogoescu & Tabacaru, 1957 was
seen along the whole study area, (in few numbers); B. sp. cf. buceratus Eaton, 1870 was seen
throughout the study area; B. sp. cf. kogistani Novikova & Kluge, 1994 was seen in the lateral arms;
B. sp. ex gr. rhodani (Pictet, 1843) was seen throughout the study area and in the lateral
arms; Rhodobaetis issyksuvensis Brodsky, 1930 was seen throughout the study area and
in the lateral arms; gen. sp. cf. Heptagenia quadripunctata Kluge, 1989 was seen along the
whole surveyed area and in lateral arms; Heptagenia sp. cf. perflava Brodsky, 1930 was seen
along the whole surveyed area and in lateral arms; Rhithrogena sp. cf. eugeniae Kluge, 1983
was seen along the whole surveyed area and in lateral arms as a single specimen; gen. sp. cf.
Epeorus bispinosus Braasch, 1980 was seen along the entire survey area and in lateral arms
as an individual; Ephemerella sp. cf. kabulensis Allen, 1973 was seen along the entire survey
area and in lateral arms.
Order Plecoptera was represented by 8 species. It is worth mentioning that abun-
dance of this group along the whole surveyed area was quite low during the both survey seasons.
This can indicate that untreated wastewaters from settlements as well as cattle breeding affect
water quality in the river. As for other groups of macroinvertebrates; most of specimens were
nymphs at early instars, which made their identification complicated. We identified the follow-
ing species: Zhiltzovaia sp. cf. cachemirica (Aubert, 1959) was seen along the whole surveyed
T a b l e 2 . Number of recorded individuals and biomass of some indicator macroinvertebrate taxa in the
survey sites (see Table 1)
Site # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Taxa
Turbellaria 0 0 0 + 0 + + +
Nematoda + 0 + 0 0 + + +
Hirudinea 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oligochaeta + + + + + + + +
Sphaerium spp. + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gastropoda + 0 + 0 0 0 0 0
Ostracoda + 0 + 0 + 0 + +
Araneida 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0
Acarina + + + + + + + +
Сyclops spp. 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 +
other Copepoda 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0
Ephemeroptera + + + + + + + +
Odonata + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plecoptera + + + + + + + +
Corixidae 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0
other Heteroptera + + + + + + + +
Coleoptera + + + + + + + +
Megaloptera + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trichoptera + + + + + + + +
Lepidoptera + 0 + + + + 0 +
Simuliidae + + + + + + + +
Chironomidae + + + + + + + +
Ceratopogonidae 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0
other Diptera + + + + + + + +
Individuals 12,600 6,170 14,160 9,300 7,840 16,300 9,210 8,740
Biomass, mg 11,840 5,970 14,750 8,950 7,160 9,800 8,750 8,100
208 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
area and in lateral arms; Perlodes amabilis Jewett, 1958 was seen along the whole surveyed area;
gen. sp. cf. Kyphopteryx pamirica Zhiltzova, 1972 (endemic for Bodakhshan) was seen along the
whole surveyed area and in lateral arms; Nemoura sp. cf. papilla Okamoto, 1922 was seen along
the whole surveyed area and in lateral arms; gen. sp. cf. Mesonemoura tianshanica (Zhiltzova,
1971) (endemic for Bodakhshan) was seen along the whole surveyed area and in lateral arms;
Illiesonemoura ornata (McLachlan, 1875) (endemic for Bodakhshan) was seen along the whole
surveyed area and in lateral arms; Capnia prolongata Zhiltzova, 1969 (endemic for Bodakhshan)
was seen along the whole surveyed area and in lateral arms; Capnia badakhshanica (Zhiltzova,
1974) (endemic for Bodakhshan) was seen along the whole surveyed area and in lateral arms.
Among Heteroptera two families were identified, including Сorixidae along the
whole river.
Fauna of Coleoptera was presented by 2 families: Hydrophilidae — Laccobius hin-
dukuschi Chiesa, 1966 at survey sites 1–3; Hydrochidae — Hydrochus elongatus (Schaller,
1783) at survey sites 4–8.
Order Trichoptera was represented by more than 19 species. Some species were
represented by the juvenile specimen at 1–3 stage of development, which made their species
identification very hard. However, we identified the following ones: Himalopsyche sp. cf. gi-
gantea (Martynov, 1914) identified at the sampling sites 0 and 1 only; H. sp. cf. todma Schmid,
1963 in lateral arms; Rhyacophila extensa Martynov, 1928 was seen along the whole studied
area and in lateral arms as individual specimen; gen. sp. cf. R. kadaphes Schmid, 1959 was seen
along the whole studied area and in lateral arms; R. sp. cf. obscura Martynov, 1927 was seen
along the whole study area and in lateral arms, (a few specimens); Agapetus cocandicus McLach-
lan, 1875 — commonly seen species, which was seen along the whole study area and in lateral
arms; Agapetus sp. cf. sindis Kimmins, 1953 — dominating species among Trichoptera, was
seen along the whole study area and in lateral arms; Glossosoma shugnanica Ivanov, 1992 —
commonly occurring species, which was seen along the whole study area and in lateral arms;
Hydroptila sanghala Schmid, 1960 was registered at the sampling sites 3 and 6; Stactobia sp. cf.
shahdara Ivanov, 1992 was registered at the sampling site 5; Dolophilodes ornatus Ulmer, 1909
was registered only at the sampling site 8; Cheumatopsyche sp. cf. capitella (Martynov, 1927)
was seen along the whole study area and in lateral arms; Hydronema persica Martynov, 1914 was
seen along the whole study area and in lateral arms; Hydropsyche sp. cf. ardens R. McLachlan,
1875 was seen along the whole study area and in lateral arms; H. kaznakovi Martynov, 1915 was
seen along the whole study area and in lateral arms; H. sp. cf. asiatica Ulmer, 1905 was registered
at the sampling sites 7 and 8; Astratodina sp. cf. inermis Mosely, 1936 was seen along the whole
study area and in lateral arms; Dinarthrum sp. cf. badakschanicum Schmid, 1963 was seen along
the whole study area and in lateral arms; D. sp. cf. lindbergi Schmid, 1963 was seen along the
whole study area and in lateral arms.
Among Diptera order , along the whole study area and lateral arms we have reg-
istered 10 families, including Athericidae, Blephariceridae, Deuterophlebiidae, Dixidae,
Empididae, Ephydridae, Limoniidae, Psychodidae, Ptychopteridae, Tipulidae and were
abundant.
Actinopterygii
A total of 3 fish species (Nemacheilidae — 1, Cyprinidae — 2) was recorded in the
study area.
False osman, Schizopygopsis stoliczkai Steindachner, 1866 ,(IUCN status: Data Deficient)
is a cyprinid fish with an average length of 18.3 to 49.6 cm. In Tajikistan they are found only
in the Pamirs. They can reach a maximum length of 80–95 cm. Spawning (at the age of 2–
209On the study of fauna of the lower course of Shokhdara River valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
3 years) occurs in tributaries of the
Panj, with fish migrating upstream
from the Panj in spring and return-
ing to the main river in late spring or
summer, with juveniles following in
autumn (Qi et al., 2015; Wanghe et al.,
2017). The study shows the presence of
false osman throughout the study area.
The largest fish caught was 16.5 cm long
(fig. 3), with a minimum of 3 cm. It
is worth mentioning that this fish is
dominant in the river (58 % of the total
number of fish caught) (table 4).
Common marinka or Dapeghat
snow trout, Schizothorax curvifrons,
Heckel, 1838, (IUCN status: Least
Concern) is the most widespread
species of marinkas. It lives in the
river basins of Syrdarya, Talas, riv-
ers coming from the Karatau ridge,
in Kyzylkol Lake. It reaches maturity
at the age of 3–4 years with the body
length: females — 20 cm, males —
16 cm. Spawning takes place in rivers
on sand-gravel sediments or in reeds.
Spawning begins in the second half of
March — early April, when the water
temperature is +5–7 °С (Talwar & Jh-
ingran, 1991). We caught only 3 speci-
mens of this fish: one specimen with
the length of 9.5 cm (fig. 4) and two
fish with the length of 2.7 and 2.9 cm
respectively (table 4).
Tibetan stone loach, Nemachi-
lus stoliczkai (Steindachner, 1866),
(IUCN status: Least Concern) is widespread in Central Asia, in the river basins of
the Tarim, the Balhash and the Alakol. The average size of the Tibetan stone loach
is 9–10 cm, very rarely up to 15 cm (fig. 5). The maximum size is 15.5 cm. The Ti-
betan Stone Loach spawns in portions from the end of March through the summer,
sticking the eggs in the sand. The fish
mature at the age of 2–3 years with
a body length of 5–7 cm (Talwar &
Jhingran, 1991). It is the second most
abundant fish species (after false os-
man). It has been caught throughout
the study area. The largest specimen
was 12.5 cm long and the smallest
was 2.5 cm long (table 4).
T a b l e 3 . Sørensen-Dice coefficients as a result of
pairwise comparison of key macroinvertebrate taxa
recorded in 8 survey sites (see Table 1)
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 0.77 0.87 0.76 0.89 0.83 0.86 0.87
2 0.77 0.71 0.80 0.83 0.80 0.83 0.77
3 0.87 0.71 0.71 0.83 0.77 0.80 0.81
4 0.76 0.80 0.71 0.84 0.86 0.81 0.90
5 0.89 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.88 0.89
6 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.86 0.85 0.89 0.90
7 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.81 0.88 0.89 0.93
8 0.87 0.77 0.81 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.93
T a b l e 4 . Quantitative distribution of the caught fish per
survey site (see Table 1)
Site Schizopygopsis
stoliczkai
Schizothorax
curvifrons
Nemachilus
stoliczkai
1 52 0 39
3 29 3 21
4 11 0 11
8 5 0 5
Total 97 3 67
Total ,% 58 2 40
Fig. 3. Caught specimens of the false Osman (S. stoliczkai).
Fig. 4. Caught specimen of common marinka (S. curvifrons).
210 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
Turkestan catfish Glyptosternum sp. was not caught during this field study. However,
local people in the village of Sebzor confirmed its presence. This non-migratory fish is
difficult to access as it hides under the stones. The Tukrkestan catfish was also not caught
during the spring expedition in the study area. However, on 12 July 2020, 3 individuals of
the Turkestan catfish were caught by local fishermen in the Shokhdara River, in the area
where it flows into the Gunt River. Geographical coordinates of the place where the catfish
was caught: 37.482222 N 71.591389 E, 1200 m a. s. l. The maximum size is 22.5 cm. Accord-
ing to local fishermen who have been fishing in the Shokhdara River for many years, the
Turkestan catfish is not found further up the river except in its lowest part.
Amphibia
Only 1 species of amphibian (Anura, Bufonidae — 1) was recorded in the study area.
The green toad, Bufotes viridis (Laurenti, 1768) aggr., (IUCN status: Least Concern
(LC)) is a typical synanthropic species that lives near households, in bushes, usually quite
far from the river in habitats with soft soils. It does not seem to go further than irrigation
canals, preferring to stay in shallow lowlands (Kuzmin, 2012). In autumn, one specimen
(mature male) was found killed on the road leading to the slope, about 1 km downstream
of the intake (Appendix 1, fig. 6). We observed mass movements of juvenile green toads
in Khorog on the banks of the Panj (fig. 7). In spring 2020, tadpoles and juveniles were
observed in large numbers in the lower
reaches of the Shokhdara and near its
confluence with the Gunt River.
According to Dufresnes et al.
(2019) the populations in the project
area should belong to Bufotes turane-
nsis (Hemmer, Schmidtler & Böhme,
1978) (https://amphibiaweb.org/spe-
cies/7084). However, further studies
using molecular and genetic analy-
sis are required to clarify position of
Pamir populations. This species has
the same conservation status as the
green toad and is also synanthropic.
Fig. 5. Caught Tibetian stone loach N. stoliczkai.
Fig. 6. B. turanensis, road kill, village of Sebzor.
211On the study of fauna of the lower course of Shokhdara River valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
In spring 2020 these toads (yearlings
from 2019 and tadpoles from 2020)
were observed in large numbers in the
lower reaches of the Shokhdara River
and near its confluence with the Gunt
River.
Reptilia
A total of 5 species of reptiles
(Squamata, Agamidae — 1, Colub-
ridae — 2, Gekkonidae — 1, Viperi-
dae — 1) were recorded during the
study period.
The dice snake, Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768), (IUCN status: LC) (Colubridae). In
autumn 2019, one mature male (fig. 8) was found on the Shokhdara bank and one yearling
was found killed on the road 1 km downstream from the first site. The preferred habitat for
this species is shallow water with little or no current. According to local people, it is quite
abundant in the study area.
Fig. 7. B. turanensis, toadlet, Khorog City, near Panj River.
Fig. 8. N. tessellata specimen found near Shokhdara River.
Fig. 9. Young individual of spotted whip snake, road kill, Sebzor village.
212 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
The spotted whip snake, Hemorrhois ravergieri (Ménétries, 1832), (IUCN status: LC)
was recorded in the study areas as individuals killed on the road (Appendix 1, fig. 9). At an
elevation of 2,600 m a. s. l., near the irrigation canal, we found shed skin of an older spe-
cies with a length of about 60 cm. It is worth mentioning that this snake is quite aggressive,
although not poisonous. Its preferred habitats are rocks and stony rip-raps between bushes.
It hides under stones, in cracks and holes of other animals and is often seen along rivers
and in human settlements (Bannikov et al., 1971; Said-Aliev, 1979). Due to its aggressive
behaviour, it is often killed by local people, and therefore special measures need to be taken
to protect this species in the study area.
Blunt-nosed viper, Macrovipera lebetinus (Linnaeus, 1758), (IUCN status: LC; Red
Book of Tajikistan status: Vulnerable) (Viperidae); 1 juvenile was spotted crossing the road
downhill from Hidorjev village.
The Himalayan agama, Paralaudakia himalayana (Steindachner, 1867), (IUCN status:
LC) (Agamidae). In autumn, 2 juveniles were found near the bridge in the village of Ridjist
on stony rip-raps, and 1 on the slopes near the bend in the Shokhdara River leading to the
Pamir Botanical Garden (Appendix 1, fig. 10). In spring, they were observed in large num-
bers basking along the irrigation channels from 11:30 to 16:00–17:00. Normally, they are
active from the morning until midday when the temperature is above +20 °С (Ananjeva &
Tuniev, 1994; Bannikov et al., 1971; Said-Aliev, 1979). These animals like mountains with
few plants and live on rocks, stony rip-raps, cracks and piles of stones — key areas for their
conservation. According to local people, this species is quite abundant in the study area.
Mediodactylus russowii (Strauch, 1887) (IUCN status: LC) (Gekkonidae). In May 2020
they were recorded in the study sites to be surprisingly numerous study areas. The records
are additionally highlighted in the table “A list of records of batracho- and herpetofauna in
the field survey” (Appendix 1, fig. 11). At night they stick to walls near lamps (2–4 geckos
Fig. 10. Himalayan agamas spotted along the rocks and mountain slopes along the course of Shokhdara River.
https://zenodo.org/records/11187902
https://zenodo.org/records/11187902
213On the study of fauna of the lower course of Shokhdara River valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
near each lamp) and hunt for nocturnal insects. According to the interviews with the lo-
cals, they are not afraid of geckos and do not threaten them, but they are afraid of possible
gecko bites. The grey thin-toed gecko is a typical representative of arid deserts, sandy and
clay deserts and semi-deserts. In the mountains, it can be found up to 2000 m above sea
level. Its typical habitats are saxaul shrubs in the valleys of desert rivers, steep slopes and
stony rip-raps. It hides in crevices, between stones, in tree holes, in former ant hills or in
holes made by small rodents. This species easily becomes synanthropic and lives in human
houses (Bannikov et al., 1971; Ananjeva et al., 2004; Ananjeva et al., 2006; Bauer et al., 2013;
Shcherbak & Golubev, 1996). It is not listed in the Red Book of Tajikistan.
Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), Asymblepharus alaicus (Elpatjevsky, 1901) and
Elaphe dione (Pallas, 1773) recorded by Bannikov et al. (1971) and Said-Aliev (1979) were
not found during the surveys (fig. 12).
Fig. 11. Grey thin-toed geckos registered within the study area.
Fig. 12. Scheme of the findings of amphibians and reptiles at the study area.
214 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
Aves
Based on the results of the field surveys and analysis of literature resources, we
found 205 bird species in the study area (Abdulnazarov, 2023). Of these, 21 species
have a conservation status. However, the majority of bird species belong to synan-
thropic species or species that have adapted to anthropogenic factors, which is due
to the presence of many settlements in this region. Among these species: nesting —
70 species; settled — 54 species; transit (registered during migration) — 86 species;
wintering — 19 species; vagrant — 1 species (Abdulnazarov, 1999, 2013, 2017, 2021,
2022).
The period of autumn bird observation was from 26 September to 3 October 2019.
During the autumn survey, we recorded 70 species, including: nesting — 32 species, sed-
entary — 32 species, transit — 13 species, overwintering — 2 species, vagrant — 1 species.
The species’ records are presented in the table “List of avifauna of the surveyed region”
(Appendix 2).
The spring bird observation period was from 16 May to 30 May 2020. During the
spring survey we recorded 75 species, including: nesting — 36 species; sedentary — 37 spe-
cies; transit — 7 species (fig. 13).
It is worth mentioning that the sum by categories is higher than the actual number
of registered birds (by 10), because some birds belong to several groups according to the
character of their presence.
In the spring, we used spider nets to catch birds in order to determine their breeding
behaviour according to the condition of the site. As a result, 42 birds belonging to 22 spe-
cies were caught. Of these, 19 species have clear reproductive spots.
In total, during two surveys we identified 99 species of birds, which makes 48 % of the
total avifauna of Tajikistan. Out of 21 species with protected status, 9 species were identi-
fied (43 % of all species with protected status as it is indicated in the table “List of avifauna
of the surveyed region”) (Appendix 2).
0
20
40
60
80
100
Nesting Settled Transit
Total
Wintering Stray
Autumn Spring
Fig. 13. Total avifauna list versa the actually registered species; note: some species may be included in more than
1 type of occurrence.
https://zenodo.org/records/11187902
https://zenodo.org/records/11187902
215On the study of fauna of the lower course of Shokhdara River valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
Mammalia
During the field surveys,
8 species of mammals were re-
corded either directly or as a
result of secondary signs of
their presence. The records are
presented in the table “A list of
mammals recorded in the field
survey” (Appendix 3, figs 14–
16).
Fig. 14. Grey draft hamster.
Fig. 15. Dr. Abdulnazarov with female of snow leopard in Pamir biological institute.
Fig. 16. Traces of Himalayan bear.
https://zenodo.org/records/11187902
216 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
Discussion
The first study of the biological resources of the Pamir begins with the expedition of
V. P. Fedchenko to Central Asia in 1871 (Senkovskaya, 2009). This was followed by the
expedition of N. A. Severtsov and I. V. Mushketov in 1877–1878 with the collections of
A. A. Kushakevich, about the results of which Nikolai Severtsov wrote the following “The
most vital scientific interest is the remarkably complete collections of the expedition from
the Pamir, which was before us a terra incognita in the natural-historical sense, but which,
according to the few reports by Voan-tsan and Marco-Polo about its completely peculiar
biological conditions, has long aroused the strongest curiosity of the entire scientific world.
The work of our expedition can satisfy this curiosity. The Pamirs, as a completely unknown
country in terms of fauna and flora, immediately became one of the most researched areas
in Asia” (Severtsov, 1879). This was followed by a series of expeditions, the most important
of which was Lockhart’s Chitral expedition, which was the first to describe the Panj River
valley, to which the Shokhdara River belongs. At the same time, the zoological and zoogeo-
graphical expeditions of G. E. Grum-Grzhimailo made a great contribution to the study
and knowledge of the fauna of the Pamirs.
Due to the lack of specialists, the remoteness of the study area and the difficult condi-
tions of the highlands, the study of the fauna of the Pamirs, and in particular its aquatic
fauna, remained far from complete for a long time. It was only in the 1960s that the former
Soviet Union began to make extensive use of lakes and artificial reservoirs, not only in the
plains but also in the mountains. In this respect, the Tian Shan lakes in Kyrgyzstan, Sonkul,
Chatyrkul and Issykkul, are relatively well studied. For example, the Presidium of the Acad-
emy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan twice (1976–1980 and 1981–1985) included
this topic in the comprehensive scientific and technical programme of the State Planning
Commission of the Council of Ministers of the TSSR. In this connection, a study was car-
ried out by Dr Firuz Akhrorov to study the benthic fauna and fish of the Pamir reservoirs
and to determine the prospects for their fishery use to improve the economy. These works
were mainly focused on the study of a number of benthic fauna and fish in various typical
reservoirs of the Pamir — lakes, rivers, warm springs, residual reservoirs, etc. Unfortu-
nately, these studies covered most of the lakes, but very few were carried out on the rivers
(Akhrorov, 2001).
Literature review shows that bottom fauna is the main food base for fish. According
to Dr Akhrorov’s doctoral thesis ”Bottom fauna of water courses of the Pamir: Biology,
ecology, production and genesis“, it is presented in water courses up to 3700–4200 m a. s. l.
However, he mainly studied lakes and smaller rivers. There are no other works on aquatic
invertebrates, so we can say that the Shokhdara River has not been studied until now. The
only exceptions are the warm springs in the basin of the Shokhdara River, where several
species of dragonflies, molluscs and chironomids belonging to the tropical and subtropical
complex were found (Akhrorov, 2001).
According to our data obtained during the expeditionary studies for two seasons (au-
tumn 2019 and spring 2020), 24 taxonomic groups of the highest rank were registered in
the communities of benthic invertebrates in the studied section of the Shakhdara River,
among which representatives of the class Insecta dominated (92 %) the total number of
specimens. According to the results of the pairwise Sørensen dice coefficient, the contain-
ment of key macroinvertebrates (needed for the maintenance of local fish populations)
tends to be poorer in the lower course of the river (sites 1–5) than in the upper parts (6–8),
but the differences are not dramatic, with the highest coefficient (0.93) between sites 7 and
217On the study of fauna of the lower course of Shokhdara River valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan
8 and the lowest (0.71) between sites 3 and 4. At the same time, there is a high degree of
endemism. Amphibians and reptiles show a tendency to decrease their populations, some-
times with subsequent extinction of species due to habitat destruction, smuggling (Phil-
lips, 1999), the spread of alien invasive species and pathogens (Pupina et al., 2018), climate
change (Nekrasosa et al., 2021) and many other teratogenic factors (Alroy, 2015).
During this study, a population of M. russowii was found much further eastwards
than the previously described natural range. The significance of this finding is that the
eastern limit of its range is far to the North-East. This proves that the natural range of this
species is much larger and its eastern boundary is much further to the East than previously
thought (Bannikov et al., 1977). It is unclear how this species entered the project area. It
was probably introduced as an invasive species on local transport and adapted to the local
climate.
Conclusions
The work represents records of 24 taxonomic groups of higher aquatic macroinverte-
brates dominated by class Insecta (89.7 %), 3 fish (and 1 additional species was confirmed
only by local fishermen), 1 amphibian, 5 reptiles, 8 mammal species in the vicinity of the
city of Khorog along the Shokhdara River and near its mouth. A total of 205 bird species
were recorded as using this area for various purposes (migration, nesting, concentration,
wintering). These records are of great importance for the study of the native biota of certain
areas of the Pamir Mountains, which, due to their geographical site, tend to be so-called
“blind spots” of biodiversity studies.
The fauna of aquatic macroinvertebrates is quite rich, with the dominant group of
insects being mostly represented by species from the family Simuliidae (35.8 % of all
Insecta species), while such groups as Nematoda, Turbellaria, Ostracoda, Copepoda,
Cyclops spp, Sphaerium spp., Araneida, Acarina, Odonata, Heteroptera, Coleoptera,
Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Megaloptera together accounted for only 2.7 % of all
finds. Despite its species richness, the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna did not show
any signs of species requiring special conservation measures in the Republic of Tajiki-
stan. The same is true for fish species, which are represented by widely distributed ex-
amples of the Asian ichtyofauna. On the basis of the Sørensen-Dice coefficients, it was
shown that the number of higher taxonomic ranks of recorded invertebrates is poorer
in the upper course of the river than in its lower course. It can be concluded that species
richness decreases as the river rises.
The herpetofauna is not very rich and mainly consists of common species with a wide
distribution. Most of them are synanthropic (B. turanensis, N. tessellata, M. russowii) and
thus well adapted to the conditions of different levels of anthropogenic transformation
along the river. The presence of green frogs (Pelophylax sp.) requires separate confirmation
and further studies, since these frogs usually do not inhabit mountain streams and rivers
with strong currents (such as the Shokhdara River), but can be locally distributed by wa-
terfowl and inhabit shallow reservoirs with stagnant water. New records of M. russowii are
of particular interest as they have been made far to the east of its known easternmost range
limits. This may be a consequence of the use of transport vehicles to disperse these geckos,
and the parental population from which geckos in this population originate, using modern
molecular techniques, is urgently needed.
The vast majority of the avian species known for the study area (37.4 %) appeared
to be migratory, thus using the study area for migration-related purposes (feeding, con-
218 S. A. Afanasyev, O. Yu. Marushchak, O. M. Lietytska, A. Abdulnazarov, O. O. Golub & al.
centration, resting), while nesting was confirmed for 30.5 % of the species. Taking this
into account, it should be emphasised that the Shokhdara River valley is important for the
maintenance of bird populations in the region.
The presence of rare mammal species such as the Eurasian otter, snow leopard and
Himalayan brown bear during research makes the surrounding area important to these
species. As a result, special local measures and activities are required to minimise contact
with the local population and to avoid harmful effects on the animals, which are often
hunted by local people
It can therefore be inferred that the presence of the faunal representatives spotted dur-
ing the research makes a significant contribution to the conservation potential of the area.
The registration of mountain fauna will not only help to update existing maps of species
natural ranges in the country, but will also prove to be a valuable contribution to the data
that can potentially be used in GIS modelling of species distributions in response to antici-
pated climate changes.
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Received 1 October 2023
Accepted 6 June 2024
|
| id | oai:ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua:article-553 |
| institution | Zoodiversity |
| issn | 2707-7268 |
| keywords_txt_mv | |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-08-21T01:01:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| resource_txt_mv | ojsakademperiodykaorgua/8d/07c6d46d122d76a538bf23b5ecaa168d.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua:article-5532026-08-20T12:36:49Z On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan Afanasyev, S. A. Marushchak, O. Yu. Lietytska, O. M. Abdulnazarov, A. Golub, O. O. Domashevsky, S. V. Gavris, G. G. Tajikistan Pamir Shokhdara river valley bottom macroinvertebrates fish herpetofauna avifauna teriofauna mountain rivers This paper contains information on the records of bottom macroinvertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals collected during a field expedition to the valley of the Shokhdara River (in the vicinities of town of Khorog city) near its mouth and confluence with Panj River in autumn 2019 – spring 2020. According to the results of the study, 3 fish species (Actinopterigii) were found inhabiting Shokhdara River with 1 additional species being confirmed by locals. The taxonomic composition of the registered fish species is as follows: Cyprinidae – 2, Nemacheilidae – 1. 5 species of reptiles (Squamata: Colubridae – 2, Viperidae – 1, Agamidae – 1, Gekkonidae - 1), and 1 species of amphibians (Anura: Bufonidae – 1) were registered within the investigated area. 24 taxonomic groups of water macroinvertebrates were spotted (89,7% - Insecta): Simuliidae - 35,8%, Ephemeroptera – 18,7%, Chironomidae – 18%, Trichoptera – 10,5%, Oligochaeta – 6,5%, Plecoptera – 2,8%, Diptera – 2,5%, Gastropoda – 2,5%. Nematoda, Turbilaria, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Сyclops, Sphaerium, Araneida, Acarina, Odonata, Heteroptera, Colleoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Megaloptera in total counted as only 2,7% of all registered macroinvertebrates. A total of 99 bird species (48% of the avifauna of the studied region) were registered during autumn/spring research. Among Mammalia class such valuable and rare internationally protected species as Asian otter, snow leopard and Himalayan brown bear were confirmed to inhabit the areas adjacent to the studies river valley. Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2024-05-16 Article Article application/pdf https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/553 10.15407/zoo2024.03.203 Zoodiversity; Vol. 58 No. 3 (2024): Zoodiversity Zoodiversity (Vestnik Zoologii); Том 58 № 3 (2024): Zoodiversity 2707-7268 2707-725X 10.15407/zoo2024.03 en https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/553/275 Copyright (c) 2024 Sergiy Afanasyev, Oleksii Marushchak, Olena Lietytska, Abdulnazar Abdulnazarov, Oleg Golub, Sergiy Domashevsky, Gleb Gavrys |
| spellingShingle | Afanasyev, S. A. Marushchak, O. Yu. Lietytska, O. M. Abdulnazarov, A. Golub, O. O. Domashevsky, S. V. Gavris, G. G. On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan |
| title | On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan |
| title_full | On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan |
| title_fullStr | On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan |
| title_short | On the Study of Fauna (Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) of the Lower Course of Shokhdara River Valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan |
| title_sort | on the study of fauna (macroinvertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) of the lower course of shokhdara river valley in pamir, mountain bodakhshan, tajikistan |
| topic_facet | Tajikistan Pamir Shokhdara river valley bottom macroinvertebrates fish herpetofauna avifauna teriofauna mountain rivers |
| url | https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/553 |
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