ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ
Environmental issues are too important for the modern world, especially for Ukraine. This topic, despite its relevance, is far from complete. One of the most effective methods of solving these problems is environmental taxation, which makes it possible to introduce regulatory levers of influence on...
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V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2023
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Antonenko, V.M. Sukhina, O.M. ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ |
| author_facet |
Antonenko, V.M. Sukhina, O.M. |
| author_sort |
Antonenko, V.M. |
| title |
ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ |
| title_short |
ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ |
| title_full |
ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ |
| title_fullStr |
ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ |
| title_full_unstemmed |
ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ |
| title_sort |
екосистемні платежі та збереження лісових екосистем україни: закордонний досвід та ринкове ціноутворення |
| title_alt |
ECOSYSTEM PAYMENTS AND CONSERVATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF UKRAINE: ABROAD EXPERIENCE AND MARKET PRICING |
| description |
Environmental issues are too important for the modern world, especially for Ukraine. This topic, despite its relevance, is far from complete. One of the most effective methods of solving these problems is environmental taxation, which makes it possible to introduce regulatory levers of influence on consumers of Natural Resources. Different countries have developed their own approaches to the implementation of tax methods in the mechanism of environmental relations between the state and its counterparties. At the same time, other alternative schemes of these relationships are being introduced. Environmental tax rates in Ukraine lag behind European ones (which is an additional, too influential reason for slowing down in solving environmental problems), and given the European choice of Ukraine, it is relevant to review the current environmental tax rates. This is exactly the goal set in this study. The economic interests of the state and its counterparty consist in determining the amount of ecosystem payments for natural resources, the essence of which is their intended purpose ‒ the preservation, reproduction or restoration of ecosystems, their potential and functions. The authors prove that the current procedure for determining the cost of natural resources through their prime cost is fundamentally wrong and erroneous in its essence, since it does not meet their regulatory purpose. The fundamental reform of the sphere of environmental taxation should take into account: first, the presence of state ownership of Natural Resources in Ukraine; second, the definition of environmental payments as the cost of ecosystem services provided by the relevant ecosystems; third, the need to introduce market elements in the pricing system for these services. Using the example of forest resources, the author's own approach is justified and our own methodology for determining ecosystem payments as the cost of ecosystem services provided by these resources to their consumers is proposed. The cost of ecosystem services for forest ecosystems consists of the cost of assimilation services (absorption of harmful substances by forest ecosystems – carbon dioxide) and the cost of oxygen-producing services (generation of oxygen by them). This ensures that not only and not so much the level of cost of Natural Resources is taken into account, but also, importantly, the use value of ecosystem services provided to consumers by ecosystems. However, the cost of Ecosystem Services determined in this way should be considered as the minimum allowable (basic) level of their price. In the future, to respond to the ratio of supply and demand in the ecosystem services market, it is proposed to apply additional elements of the tender pricing procedure, which brings the process of estimating the cost of these services closer to fairer pricing. The authors believe that the mechanism of tender adjustment, provided that the auction price increases above the minimum allowable (basic) level, is a kind of tender protection of the state's interests in establishing these payments.
References
Pro biudzhet Chervonohradskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Chervonohradskoi miskoi rady vid 22.12.2022 No. 1565 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://www.chg.gov.ua/Biudzhet-gromady/st-321 [in Ukrainian].
Biudzhet Sokalskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik. Ofitsiinyi sait Sokalskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady. 02.02.2023. URL: https://sokal-rada.gov.ua/novyny/stor-321 [in Ukrainian].
Pro biudzhet Drohobytskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Drohobytskoi miskoi rady vid 24.11.2022 No. 1319 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody biudzhetu Drohobytskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv biudzhetu Drohobytskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik”). URL: https://doc.drohobych-rada.gov.ua/%e2%84%96-1319-%d1%80%d1%96%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%96%d1%97-%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%b1%d0%b8%d1%86%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%97-%d0%bc%d1%96%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be-2/ [in Ukrainian].
Pro biudzhet Belzkoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Belzkoi miskoi rady vid 30.11.2022 No. 711. URL: https://www.belztg.gov.ua/rishennia-sesiii/stor-968 [in Ukrainian].
Pro miskyi biudzhet Velykomostivskoi miskoi rady (TH) na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Velykomostivskoi miskoi rady vid 01.12.2022 No. 833. (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://vmgromada.gov.ua/bjudzhet-velikomostivskoi-miskoi-radi-na-2023-rik-09-53-12-14-12-2022/ [in Ukrainian].
Pro mistsevyi biudzhet Lopatynskoi selyshchnoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Lopatynskoi selyshchnoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik vid 15.12.2022 No. 18 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://rada.info/upload/users_files/04369819/docs/e37ab5a8c0e6238087bf46f13d56e9cb.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Pro biudzhet Chervonohradskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Chervonohradskoi miskoi rady vid 22.12.2022 No. 1565 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://www.chg.gov.ua/Biudzhet-gromady/st-321 [in Ukrainian].
Khomuliak H. Zbytky na 70 mln.: DBR rozsliduie nezakonni rubky u natsparku na Khmelnychchyni. Novyny Ukrainy. 10.08.2023. URL: https://www.stopcor.org/ukr/section-uanews/news-zbitki-na-70-mln-dbr-rozslidue-nezakonni-rubki-u-natsparku-na-hmelnichchini-10-08-2023.html [in Ukrainian].
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oai:ojs.economiclaw.kiev.ua:article-11332023-12-16T15:31:51Z ECOSYSTEM PAYMENTS AND CONSERVATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF UKRAINE: ABROAD EXPERIENCE AND MARKET PRICING ЕКОСИСТЕМНІ ПЛАТЕЖІ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА РИНКОВЕ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ Antonenko, V.M. Sukhina, O.M. Environmental issues are too important for the modern world, especially for Ukraine. This topic, despite its relevance, is far from complete. One of the most effective methods of solving these problems is environmental taxation, which makes it possible to introduce regulatory levers of influence on consumers of Natural Resources. Different countries have developed their own approaches to the implementation of tax methods in the mechanism of environmental relations between the state and its counterparties. At the same time, other alternative schemes of these relationships are being introduced. Environmental tax rates in Ukraine lag behind European ones (which is an additional, too influential reason for slowing down in solving environmental problems), and given the European choice of Ukraine, it is relevant to review the current environmental tax rates. This is exactly the goal set in this study. The economic interests of the state and its counterparty consist in determining the amount of ecosystem payments for natural resources, the essence of which is their intended purpose ‒ the preservation, reproduction or restoration of ecosystems, their potential and functions. The authors prove that the current procedure for determining the cost of natural resources through their prime cost is fundamentally wrong and erroneous in its essence, since it does not meet their regulatory purpose. The fundamental reform of the sphere of environmental taxation should take into account: first, the presence of state ownership of Natural Resources in Ukraine; second, the definition of environmental payments as the cost of ecosystem services provided by the relevant ecosystems; third, the need to introduce market elements in the pricing system for these services. Using the example of forest resources, the author's own approach is justified and our own methodology for determining ecosystem payments as the cost of ecosystem services provided by these resources to their consumers is proposed. The cost of ecosystem services for forest ecosystems consists of the cost of assimilation services (absorption of harmful substances by forest ecosystems – carbon dioxide) and the cost of oxygen-producing services (generation of oxygen by them). This ensures that not only and not so much the level of cost of Natural Resources is taken into account, but also, importantly, the use value of ecosystem services provided to consumers by ecosystems. However, the cost of Ecosystem Services determined in this way should be considered as the minimum allowable (basic) level of their price. In the future, to respond to the ratio of supply and demand in the ecosystem services market, it is proposed to apply additional elements of the tender pricing procedure, which brings the process of estimating the cost of these services closer to fairer pricing. The authors believe that the mechanism of tender adjustment, provided that the auction price increases above the minimum allowable (basic) level, is a kind of tender protection of the state's interests in establishing these payments. References Pro biudzhet Chervonohradskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Chervonohradskoi miskoi rady vid 22.12.2022 No. 1565 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://www.chg.gov.ua/Biudzhet-gromady/st-321 [in Ukrainian]. Biudzhet Sokalskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik. Ofitsiinyi sait Sokalskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady. 02.02.2023. URL: https://sokal-rada.gov.ua/novyny/stor-321 [in Ukrainian]. Pro biudzhet Drohobytskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Drohobytskoi miskoi rady vid 24.11.2022 No. 1319 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody biudzhetu Drohobytskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv biudzhetu Drohobytskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik”). URL: https://doc.drohobych-rada.gov.ua/%e2%84%96-1319-%d1%80%d1%96%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%96%d1%97-%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%b1%d0%b8%d1%86%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%97-%d0%bc%d1%96%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be-2/ [in Ukrainian]. Pro biudzhet Belzkoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Belzkoi miskoi rady vid 30.11.2022 No. 711. URL: https://www.belztg.gov.ua/rishennia-sesiii/stor-968 [in Ukrainian]. Pro miskyi biudzhet Velykomostivskoi miskoi rady (TH) na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Velykomostivskoi miskoi rady vid 01.12.2022 No. 833. (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://vmgromada.gov.ua/bjudzhet-velikomostivskoi-miskoi-radi-na-2023-rik-09-53-12-14-12-2022/ [in Ukrainian]. Pro mistsevyi biudzhet Lopatynskoi selyshchnoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Lopatynskoi selyshchnoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik vid 15.12.2022 No. 18 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://rada.info/upload/users_files/04369819/docs/e37ab5a8c0e6238087bf46f13d56e9cb.pdf [in Ukrainian]. Pro biudzhet Chervonohradskoi miskoi terytorialnoi hromady na 2023 rik: rishennia sesii Chervonohradskoi miskoi rady vid 22.12.2022 No. 1565 (Dodatok 1 “Dokhody mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik” ta Dodatok 3 “Rozpodil vydatkiv mistsevoho biudzhetu na 2023 rik”). URL: https://www.chg.gov.ua/Biudzhet-gromady/st-321 [in Ukrainian]. Khomuliak H. Zbytky na 70 mln.: DBR rozsliduie nezakonni rubky u natsparku na Khmelnychchyni. Novyny Ukrainy. 10.08.2023. URL: https://www.stopcor.org/ukr/section-uanews/news-zbitki-na-70-mln-dbr-rozslidue-nezakonni-rubki-u-natsparku-na-hmelnichchini-10-08-2023.html [in Ukrainian]. Rozpochynaiemo spivpratsiu z Asotsiatsiieiu mist Ukrainy (Derzhavne ahentstvo lisovykh resursiv Ukrainy). Ofitsiinyi sait Derzhavnoho ahentstva lisovykh resursiv Ukrainy. 30.05.2023. URL: https://forest.gov.ua/news/rozpochynaiemo-spivpratsiu-z-asotsiatsiieiu-mist-ukrainy [in Ukrainian]. Volkova A.O. Pravovi ta orhanizatsiini zasady otsinky vplyvu na dovkillia. Ekonomika ta pravo. 2021. No. 3. P. 28-36. https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2021.03.028 [in Ukrainian]. Oliukha V.H., Shepeliuk V.A. Pravovi aspekty vykorystannia ekolohichnoho podatku dlia vplyvu na ekolohizatsiiu hospodarskoi diialnosti. Ekonomika ta pravo. 2023. No. 3. P. 41-52. https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2023.03.041 [in Ukrainian]. Hagmann D., Ho E.H. & Loewenstein G. Nudging out support for a carbon tax. Nature Climate Change. 2019. No. 9. 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Розроблено двоетапний процес встановлення зазначених екосистемних платежів: на першому етапі визначення його базового мінімального розміру, на другому етапі ‒ тендерне коригування, з урахуванням попиту та пропозиції на ринку екосистемних послуг. V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2023-12-12 Article Article application/pdf https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/1133 10.15407/econlaw.2023.04.079 Economics and Law; No 4 (71) (2023): Economics and Law; 79 - 95 Экономика и право; No 4 (71) (2023): Economics and Law; 79 - 95 Економіка та право; No 4 (71) (2023): Economics and Law; 79 - 95 2523-4838 1681-6277 10.15407/econlaw.2023.04 uk https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/1133/1093 |