ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ
The purpose of the article is, based on the analysis of the main provisions of the business contract, to find out and provide a modern understanding and to define the conceptual framework of electronic, digital contracts, “e-contracts” and smart contracts, to determine the relationship between them...
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| Date: | 2024 |
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| Language: | Ukrainian |
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V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2024
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| Online Access: | https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/1137 |
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2024-04-25T18:51:11Z |
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Ukrainian |
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Article |
| author |
Myroslavskyi, Serhii |
| spellingShingle |
Myroslavskyi, Serhii ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ |
| author_facet |
Myroslavskyi, Serhii |
| author_sort |
Myroslavskyi, Serhii |
| title |
ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ |
| title_short |
ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ |
| title_full |
ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ |
| title_fullStr |
ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ |
| title_full_unstemmed |
ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ |
| title_sort |
електронні, цифрові, смартдоговори, «e-contracts» в українському праві і законодавстві |
| title_alt |
ELECTRONIC, DIGITAL, SMART CONTRACTS, "E-CONTRACTS" IN UKRAINIAN LAW AND LEGISLATION |
| description |
The purpose of the article is, based on the analysis of the main provisions of the business contract, to find out and provide a modern understanding and to define the conceptual framework of electronic, digital contracts, “e-contracts” and smart contracts, to determine the relationship between them and to characterize their features, which are important for practical activities of the participants. Setting up and achieving the goal of the article requires the application of the methodological basis of the research, which should be based on general scientific and special methods of cognition. During the preparation of the article, the methods of analysis and synthesis were applied, with the help of which the features of modern business contracts are revealed and separate definitions are provided. The application of the comparative legal method made it possible to distinguish some of the latest types of modern contracts from classic ones and from each other. The use of abstraction and modeling methods made it possible to go beyond the ordinary, to develop and propose new categories, to identify peculiarities and, together with analytical and synthetic methods, to provide substantiated conclusions. The scientific novelty consists in the study of the peculiarities of modern types of economic contracts, which are concluded with the help of modern computer programs and digital technologies. The signature features of such modern contracts are determined, their place in a certain hierarchy is defined, in other words, the relationship with each other within the special niche of business contracts. On the basis of the analysis of the provisions on the business contract, electronic contract, digital contract, “e-contract”, smart contract and related categories, the features of each of the above concepts, the relationship between them and the main features are determined. It is shown that the concept of “electronic contract” legitimized by the Law of Ukraine “On Electronic Commerce”, which is concluded in electronic form, is the broadest. The concept of “digital contract” has not spread in Ukraine, it can be used unofficially as a synonym or a subtype of an electronic contract. Examples of related concepts with the adjectives “electronic” and “digital” are given. “Smart contract” and “e-contract” are quite common and are subtypes of an electronic contract and require legitimization by special legislation of Ukraine. “E-contract” is concluded on the Internet in the course of economic and commercial activity; during the conclusion, the parties recognize each other and sign the contract with electronic digital signatures or in another way. A “smart contract” exists in the form of a software code implemented on the Blockchain platform and ensures the autonomy and self-execution of the terms of such a contract in the event of the occurrence of predetermined circumstances, while the parties do not know each other. On the other hand, a “smart contract” can be considered a specific simplified way of concluding contracts similar to accession contracts. It was concluded that the widespread use of “smart contract” and “e-contract” in business practice should contribute to the saving of time, financial and other resources by participants in contractual relations. |
| publisher |
V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| url |
https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/1137 |
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2025-09-24T18:18:11Z |
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2025-09-24T18:18:11Z |
| _version_ |
1851774479705833472 |
| spelling |
oai:ojs.economiclaw.kiev.ua:article-11372024-04-25T18:51:11Z ELECTRONIC, DIGITAL, SMART CONTRACTS, "E-CONTRACTS" IN UKRAINIAN LAW AND LEGISLATION ЕЛЕКТРОННІ, ЦИФРОВІ, СМАРТДОГОВОРИ, «E-CONTRACTS» В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ І ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ Myroslavskyi, Serhii The purpose of the article is, based on the analysis of the main provisions of the business contract, to find out and provide a modern understanding and to define the conceptual framework of electronic, digital contracts, “e-contracts” and smart contracts, to determine the relationship between them and to characterize their features, which are important for practical activities of the participants. Setting up and achieving the goal of the article requires the application of the methodological basis of the research, which should be based on general scientific and special methods of cognition. During the preparation of the article, the methods of analysis and synthesis were applied, with the help of which the features of modern business contracts are revealed and separate definitions are provided. The application of the comparative legal method made it possible to distinguish some of the latest types of modern contracts from classic ones and from each other. The use of abstraction and modeling methods made it possible to go beyond the ordinary, to develop and propose new categories, to identify peculiarities and, together with analytical and synthetic methods, to provide substantiated conclusions. The scientific novelty consists in the study of the peculiarities of modern types of economic contracts, which are concluded with the help of modern computer programs and digital technologies. The signature features of such modern contracts are determined, their place in a certain hierarchy is defined, in other words, the relationship with each other within the special niche of business contracts. On the basis of the analysis of the provisions on the business contract, electronic contract, digital contract, “e-contract”, smart contract and related categories, the features of each of the above concepts, the relationship between them and the main features are determined. It is shown that the concept of “electronic contract” legitimized by the Law of Ukraine “On Electronic Commerce”, which is concluded in electronic form, is the broadest. The concept of “digital contract” has not spread in Ukraine, it can be used unofficially as a synonym or a subtype of an electronic contract. Examples of related concepts with the adjectives “electronic” and “digital” are given. “Smart contract” and “e-contract” are quite common and are subtypes of an electronic contract and require legitimization by special legislation of Ukraine. “E-contract” is concluded on the Internet in the course of economic and commercial activity; during the conclusion, the parties recognize each other and sign the contract with electronic digital signatures or in another way. A “smart contract” exists in the form of a software code implemented on the Blockchain platform and ensures the autonomy and self-execution of the terms of such a contract in the event of the occurrence of predetermined circumstances, while the parties do not know each other. On the other hand, a “smart contract” can be considered a specific simplified way of concluding contracts similar to accession contracts. It was concluded that the widespread use of “smart contract” and “e-contract” in business practice should contribute to the saving of time, financial and other resources by participants in contractual relations. У статті на основі аналізу засадничих положень про господарський договір з’ясовано і наведено сучасне розуміння електронних, цифрових договорів, «e-contracts» і смартдоговорів, визначено співвідношення між собою та схарактеризовано їх особливості, важливі для практичної діяльності учасників. Наукова новизна полягає у дослідженні особливостей сучасних видів господарських договорів, які укладаються за допомогою сучасних комп’ютерних програм та цифрових технологій. Визначено місце таких договорів у певній ієрархії, тобто співвідношення між собою у межах особливостей ніших господарських договорів. Показано, що найширшим є поняття «електронний договір», легітимізоване Законом України «Про електрон- ну комерцію», який укладається в електронній формі. Поняття «цифровий договір» поширення в Україні не отримало, може використовуватися неофіційно як синонім або підвид електронного договору. Наведено приклади суміжних понять із прикметниками «електронний» та «цифровий». Смартдоговір та «e-contract» досить поширені та є підвидами електронного договору і потребують легітимації спеціальним законодавством України. «E-contract» укладається у мережі Інтернет для здійснення господарсько-торговельної діяльності; під час укладення сторони узнають одна одну і підписують договір електронними цифровими підписами або в інший спосіб. Смартдоговір існує у формі програмного коду, імплементованого на платформі блокчейн, та забезпечує автономність і самовиконання умов такого договору у разі настання заздалегідь визначених у ньому обставин, а сторони не знають одна одну. Зроблено висновок, що поширене застосування у господарській практиці смартдоговору та «e-contract» має сприяти економії часу, фінансових та інших ресурсів учасниками договірних відносин. V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2024-04-25 Article Article application/pdf https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/1137 10.15407/econlaw.2024.01.003 Economics and Law; No 1 (72) (2024): Economics and Law; 3-11 Экономика и право; No 1 (72) (2024): Economics and Law; 3-11 Економіка та право; No 1 (72) (2024): Economics and Law; 3-11 2523-4838 1681-6277 10.15407/econlaw.2024.01 uk https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/1137/1094 Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Law http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |