ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ
The legal status of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) is investigated. Based on the analysis, it is substantiated that the NBU can be considered as a state-owned entity (possibly, unitary), which is restricted in providing paid services in the banking market (in particular, it cannot provide the fu...
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V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2019
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Hudima, T.S. |
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Hudima, T.S. ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ |
| author_facet |
Hudima, T.S. |
| author_sort |
Hudima, T.S. |
| title |
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_short |
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_full |
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_fullStr |
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_full_unstemmed |
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_sort |
деякі аспекти правового статусу національного банку україни |
| title_alt |
SOME ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF UKRAINE НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКА УКРАИНЫ |
| description |
The legal status of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) is investigated. Based on the analysis, it is substantiated that the NBU can be considered as a state-owned entity (possibly, unitary), which is restricted in providing paid services in the banking market (in particular, it cannot provide the full range of paid services specific to a commercial bank ) and entity, which the state delegated the respective management and control powers to carry out the functions, enshrined in Art. 99 of the Constitution of Ukraine and Articles 6, 7 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank of Ukraine". It is proved that imposing restrictions on conducting commercial operations in the banking market creates prerequisites for elimination by the NBU of possible anti-competitive influence on other economic entities — participants of the banking market.It is argued that the institute of delegation of authority, as a well-known to legal system of Ukraine as a tool for delegating authority from one entity to another, can be used to confer on the NBU (as economic entity) with a range of state powers in those areas of public relations, which currently fall within the competence of the NBU. The use of the institute of delegation of authority will lay the foundations for the formation of the legal status of the NBU by the legal methods and means currently existing in the legislation and the legal theory of Ukraine. Although the phrase "delegation of powers" is mentioned in both the Constitution of Ukraine (Articles 118, 119, 138) and the laws of Ukraine (in particular, the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Economic Competition"), however, for the purposes of economic science the common understanding of this phrase it is absent, especially with regard to the legal basis and features of the delegation of powers to economic entities. This stipulates the objective need to make appropriate amendments to the text of the Economic Code of Ukraine.Given that relations between the state and economic entities require clear, balanced and extraordinarily prudent legal regulation, which, on the one hand, should promote free business and, on the other, should enable the state to influence these processes in order to achieve universal (public) goals, the legal status of the NBU is determined by the Constitution of Ukraine and special legislation needs clarification. Specification of legal status, in turn, will improve the mechanism of implementation of the legal responsibility of the NBU, provided for in Art. 64-1 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank of Ukraine". In particular, it would be expedient to provide for the provision that the state is responsible for the obligations of the NBU that have arisen in connection with the exercise of the state’s delegated powers and for the obligations arising as a result of the implementation of its own business activity, the NBU is responsible its own property. Keywords: legal status of the National Bank of Ukraine, state-owned entity, delegation of powers, legal responsibility, management and control powers.
REFERENCES
1. Navoj A.V. Rol’ i mesto central’nogo banka v sisteme gosudarstvennoj vlasti podlinnaja nezavisimost’ ili mnimaja. Finansy i kredit. 2009. No. 15 (351). P. 7-16 [in Russian].2. Partecipanti al Capitale. Banka d`Italia. Partecipanti al Capitale. URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/chi-siamo/funzioni-governance/partecipanti-capitale/index.html [in Italian].3. Federal Reserve Act of 1913. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. URL: https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/fract.htm4. Die Oesterreichische Nationalbank. URL: http://www.oenb.at/de/ueber_die_oenb/die_oesterreichische_nationalbank.jsp [in German].5. About the Bank of Japan. Central bank of Japan. URL: http://www.boj.or.jp/en/about/outline/index.htm/6. Genel Kurul. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası. URL: http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Banka+Hakkinda/Kurumsal+Yapi/Yonetim/Genel+Kurul7. Proekt Tvinninh (Twinning) — vazhlyvyi krok na shliakhu yevrointehratsii Ukrainy. Visnyk Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. Serpen 2011. P. 9—11 [in Ukrainian].8. Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy shchodo diialnosti Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy 09.07.2010 No. 2478-VI. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 2010. No. 49. Art. 570 [in Ukrainian].9. Bratko A.G. Central’nyj bank v bankovskoj sisteme Rossii. Moskva: Spark, 2001. 245 p. [in Russian].10. Tosunjan G.A., Vikulin A.Ju. Den’gi i vlast’: teorija razdelenija vlastej i sovremennost’. Otv. red. A.M. Jekmaljan. Institut gosudarstva i prava RAN. Moskva: Delo, 1998. 88 p. [in Russian].11. Mehnert-Meland R. Central Bank of the European Union. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1995. 256 р.12. Topol Yu.O. Konstytutsiino-pravovyi status Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. Visnyk Khmelnytskoho instytutu rehionalnoho upravlinnia ta prava. 2002. No. 3. P. 47-50. [in Ukrainian].13. “Bankivske pravo Ukrainy” navchalnyi posibnyk. Za zah. red. A.O. Selivanova. Kyiv: In Yure, 2000. 384 p. [in Ukrainian].14. Orliuk O.P. Bankivske pravo: navchalnyi posibnyk. Ministerstvo osvity i nauky Ukrainy. Kyiv: Yurinkom Inter, 2005. 376 p. [in Ukrainian].15. Jelster Ja. Konstitucionnye sudy i central’nye banki: preduprezhdenie samoubijstva ili soglashenie o samoubijstve? Konstitucionnoe pravo: vostochno-evropejskoe obozrenie. 1994. No. 3-4 (8-9). P. 42-46 [in Russian].16. Bilyk P.P. Pravo i upravlinnia: teoretychni pytannia vzaiemozviazku ta yikh praktychne znachennia. Visnyk Odeskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Pravoznavstvo. 2014. Vol. 19, iss. 2. P. 31-37 [in Ukrainian].17. Bilyk P.P. Orhanizatsiino-pravovi aspekty statusu Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. Pravo i suspilstvo. 2014. No. 1-2. P. 179-183 [in Ukrainian].18. Hajek F.A. Chastnye den’gi. Tver’: In-t nacional’noj modeli jekonomiki, 1996. 230 p. [in Russian].19. Trahtenberg I.A. Bumazhnye den’gi. Ocherki teorii deneg i denezhnogo obrashhenija. Izdanie tret’e, dopolnennoe. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo, 1924. 415 p. [in Russian].20. Krupnov Ju.S. O sushhnosti, funkcijah i nekotoryh tendencijah razvitija central’nyh bankov. Finansy i kredit. 2004. No. 15 (153). P. 2-11 [in Russian].21. Current Issues in Monetary Economics Helmut Wagner (ed.). Heidelberg. New York. Physica-Verl. 1998. 355 p.22. On Quasi-Public Organizations; Whence Came the Quango, and Why. The New York Times. September 5, 1987. Section 1. P. 22. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/05/opinion/l-letter-on-quasi-public-organizations-whencecame-the-quango-and-why-969587.html?pagewanted=123. Osnovy administratyvnoho sudochynstva ta administratyvnoho prava: navchalnyi posibnyk. Za zah. red. R.O. Kuibidy, V.I. Shyshkina. Kyiv: Staryi svit, 2006. 576 p. [in Ukrainian]. |
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V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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2019 |
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https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/954 |
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oai:ojs.economiclaw.kiev.ua:article-9542019-12-09T09:36:24Z SOME ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF UKRAINE НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКА УКРАИНЫ ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО БАНКУ УКРАЇНИ Hudima, T.S. The legal status of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) is investigated. Based on the analysis, it is substantiated that the NBU can be considered as a state-owned entity (possibly, unitary), which is restricted in providing paid services in the banking market (in particular, it cannot provide the full range of paid services specific to a commercial bank ) and entity, which the state delegated the respective management and control powers to carry out the functions, enshrined in Art. 99 of the Constitution of Ukraine and Articles 6, 7 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank of Ukraine". It is proved that imposing restrictions on conducting commercial operations in the banking market creates prerequisites for elimination by the NBU of possible anti-competitive influence on other economic entities — participants of the banking market.It is argued that the institute of delegation of authority, as a well-known to legal system of Ukraine as a tool for delegating authority from one entity to another, can be used to confer on the NBU (as economic entity) with a range of state powers in those areas of public relations, which currently fall within the competence of the NBU. The use of the institute of delegation of authority will lay the foundations for the formation of the legal status of the NBU by the legal methods and means currently existing in the legislation and the legal theory of Ukraine. Although the phrase "delegation of powers" is mentioned in both the Constitution of Ukraine (Articles 118, 119, 138) and the laws of Ukraine (in particular, the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Economic Competition"), however, for the purposes of economic science the common understanding of this phrase it is absent, especially with regard to the legal basis and features of the delegation of powers to economic entities. This stipulates the objective need to make appropriate amendments to the text of the Economic Code of Ukraine.Given that relations between the state and economic entities require clear, balanced and extraordinarily prudent legal regulation, which, on the one hand, should promote free business and, on the other, should enable the state to influence these processes in order to achieve universal (public) goals, the legal status of the NBU is determined by the Constitution of Ukraine and special legislation needs clarification. Specification of legal status, in turn, will improve the mechanism of implementation of the legal responsibility of the NBU, provided for in Art. 64-1 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank of Ukraine". In particular, it would be expedient to provide for the provision that the state is responsible for the obligations of the NBU that have arisen in connection with the exercise of the state’s delegated powers and for the obligations arising as a result of the implementation of its own business activity, the NBU is responsible its own property. Keywords: legal status of the National Bank of Ukraine, state-owned entity, delegation of powers, legal responsibility, management and control powers. REFERENCES 1. Navoj A.V. Rol’ i mesto central’nogo banka v sisteme gosudarstvennoj vlasti podlinnaja nezavisimost’ ili mnimaja. Finansy i kredit. 2009. No. 15 (351). P. 7-16 [in Russian].2. Partecipanti al Capitale. Banka d`Italia. Partecipanti al Capitale. URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/chi-siamo/funzioni-governance/partecipanti-capitale/index.html [in Italian].3. Federal Reserve Act of 1913. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. URL: https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/fract.htm4. Die Oesterreichische Nationalbank. URL: http://www.oenb.at/de/ueber_die_oenb/die_oesterreichische_nationalbank.jsp [in German].5. About the Bank of Japan. Central bank of Japan. URL: http://www.boj.or.jp/en/about/outline/index.htm/6. Genel Kurul. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası. URL: http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Banka+Hakkinda/Kurumsal+Yapi/Yonetim/Genel+Kurul7. Proekt Tvinninh (Twinning) — vazhlyvyi krok na shliakhu yevrointehratsii Ukrainy. Visnyk Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. Serpen 2011. P. 9—11 [in Ukrainian].8. Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy shchodo diialnosti Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy 09.07.2010 No. 2478-VI. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 2010. No. 49. Art. 570 [in Ukrainian].9. Bratko A.G. Central’nyj bank v bankovskoj sisteme Rossii. Moskva: Spark, 2001. 245 p. [in Russian].10. Tosunjan G.A., Vikulin A.Ju. Den’gi i vlast’: teorija razdelenija vlastej i sovremennost’. Otv. red. A.M. Jekmaljan. Institut gosudarstva i prava RAN. Moskva: Delo, 1998. 88 p. [in Russian].11. Mehnert-Meland R. Central Bank of the European Union. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1995. 256 р.12. Topol Yu.O. Konstytutsiino-pravovyi status Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. Visnyk Khmelnytskoho instytutu rehionalnoho upravlinnia ta prava. 2002. No. 3. P. 47-50. [in Ukrainian].13. “Bankivske pravo Ukrainy” navchalnyi posibnyk. Za zah. red. A.O. Selivanova. Kyiv: In Yure, 2000. 384 p. [in Ukrainian].14. Orliuk O.P. Bankivske pravo: navchalnyi posibnyk. Ministerstvo osvity i nauky Ukrainy. Kyiv: Yurinkom Inter, 2005. 376 p. [in Ukrainian].15. Jelster Ja. Konstitucionnye sudy i central’nye banki: preduprezhdenie samoubijstva ili soglashenie o samoubijstve? Konstitucionnoe pravo: vostochno-evropejskoe obozrenie. 1994. No. 3-4 (8-9). P. 42-46 [in Russian].16. Bilyk P.P. Pravo i upravlinnia: teoretychni pytannia vzaiemozviazku ta yikh praktychne znachennia. Visnyk Odeskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Pravoznavstvo. 2014. Vol. 19, iss. 2. P. 31-37 [in Ukrainian].17. Bilyk P.P. Orhanizatsiino-pravovi aspekty statusu Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. Pravo i suspilstvo. 2014. No. 1-2. P. 179-183 [in Ukrainian].18. Hajek F.A. Chastnye den’gi. Tver’: In-t nacional’noj modeli jekonomiki, 1996. 230 p. [in Russian].19. Trahtenberg I.A. Bumazhnye den’gi. Ocherki teorii deneg i denezhnogo obrashhenija. Izdanie tret’e, dopolnennoe. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo, 1924. 415 p. [in Russian].20. Krupnov Ju.S. O sushhnosti, funkcijah i nekotoryh tendencijah razvitija central’nyh bankov. Finansy i kredit. 2004. No. 15 (153). P. 2-11 [in Russian].21. Current Issues in Monetary Economics Helmut Wagner (ed.). Heidelberg. New York. Physica-Verl. 1998. 355 p.22. On Quasi-Public Organizations; Whence Came the Quango, and Why. The New York Times. September 5, 1987. Section 1. P. 22. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/05/opinion/l-letter-on-quasi-public-organizations-whencecame-the-quango-and-why-969587.html?pagewanted=123. Osnovy administratyvnoho sudochynstva ta administratyvnoho prava: navchalnyi posibnyk. Za zah. red. R.O. Kuibidy, V.I. Shyshkina. Kyiv: Staryi svit, 2006. 576 p. [in Ukrainian]. Исследован правовой статус Национального банка Украины (НБУ). На основании проведенного анализа обосновано, что НБУ можно рассматривать как специфический субъект государственной формы собственности (возможно унитарного типа), ограниченный в предоставлении платных услуг на банковском рынке (в частности, он не может оказывать весь спектр платных услуг, характерных для коммерческого банка). При этом государство делегировало ему соответствующие полномочия управления и контроля. Аргументировано, что использование института делегирования полномочий заложит основу формирования правового статуса НБУ теми правовыми методами и средствами, которые существуют в настоящее время в законодательстве и теории права Украины. Конкретизация правового статуса, в свою очередь, приведет к совершенствованию механизма реализации юридической ответственности НБУ. Досліджено правовий статус Національного банку України (НБУ). На підставі проведеного аналізу обґрунтовано, що НБУ можна розглядати як специфічний суб’єкт господарювання державної форми власності (можливо, унітарного типу), обмежений у наданні платних послуг на банківському ринку. Зокрема, він не може надавати весь спектр платних послуг, характерних для комерційного банку. Водночас держава делегувала йому певні повноваження управління і контролю. Аргументовано, що використання інституту делегування повноважень закладе підвалини для формування правового статусу НБУ тими правовими методами та засобами, які існують на теперішній час у законодавстві та теорії права України. Конкретизація правового статусу, в свою чергу, призведе до удосконалення механізму реалізації юридичної відповідальності НБУ. V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2019-11-30 Article Article application/pdf https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/954 10.15407/econlaw.2019.04.003 Economics and Law; No 4 (55) (2019): Economics and Law; 3-12 Экономика и право; No 4 (55) (2019): Economics and Law; 3-12 Економіка та право; No 4 (55) (2019): Economics and Law; 3-12 2523-4838 1681-6277 10.15407/econlaw.2019.04 uk https://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/954/912 |