Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters
The processes of copper and nickel electrodeposition on the dispersed particles of thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot have been investigated with the cyclic voltammetry method. It was shown possibility of copper and nickel electrolytic extraction from the aqueous solutions of their salt...
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| Datum: | 2001 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2001
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Surface| _version_ | 1869291145550364672 |
|---|---|
| author | Zagorovsky, G. M. Sidorenko, I. G. Prikhod'ko, G. P. Ogenko, V. M. Gunyaev, A. A. |
| author_facet | Zagorovsky, G. M. Sidorenko, I. G. Prikhod'ko, G. P. Ogenko, V. M. Gunyaev, A. A. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "G. M. Zagorovsky",
"institution": "Інститут хімії поверхні НАН України"
},
{
"author": "I. G. Sidorenko",
"institution": "Інститут хімії поверхні НАН України"
},
{
"author": "G. P. Prikhod'ko",
"institution": "Інститут хімії поверхні НАН України"
},
{
"author": "V. M. Ogenko",
"institution": "Інститут хімії поверхні НАН України"
},
{
"author": "A. A. Gunyaev",
"institution": "OAC \"Khimkonvers\""
}
] |
| author_sort | Zagorovsky, G. M. |
| baseUrl_str | |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2018-11-27T09:42:39Z |
| description | The processes of copper and nickel electrodeposition on the dispersed particles of thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot have been investigated with the cyclic voltammetry method. It was shown possibility of copper and nickel electrolytic extraction from the aqueous solutions of their salts with concentration 2 mg/dm3. Electrolysis in the reactor with dispersed three-dimensional flowing electrodes of the thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot showed posibility of nonferrous metals extraction to residual concentration lower than 0.1 mg/dm3, The characteristics of the electrochemical reactor for purification of the printed circuit cards manufacturing washing water with productivity 100 L per hour are adduced. |
| first_indexed | 2025-09-24T17:25:23Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
аnges at low
r.еiss // Suгf.
.:blеt of the
\{ Gruпwald,
:rе shapе of
з . 1986. -
у' stеm // Fiz.
ryS - V.40. -
:r thеiг loсal
гт lattiсе of
: ехperimеntal
'. s9. N 19. -
: :еsonanсеs /
. .'' 4?. N 23.
с. nodеs: Co
rs Phys. Rev.
г.е: moleсulеs
t :-. з suЬstratе' :1 - ll2'l.
l ;:;aгеd.visiblе
ц* l J. Chuang'
l-: vibrational
I .:. anomaly //
: -:'el statеs of
-:, - 119 [Sov,
ш: ..-iсa suгfaсеs
DISPЕRSЕD CARBOГ{ CATIloDЕs FoR No]чFЕRRoUs
MЕTALS ЕхTRAсTION FROIи ТЕСH]YOLOGIсAL wAsTЕ
WATЕRs
G.M, Zagorovskyl, I.G. Sidorenkol, G.P. Prikhod'kol, v.М. ogenkоl, аnd
A.A. Gunyaеv2
lInstittttе
o/ Suфсе Сhеmistrу, Nationаl Асаdеmу of Sсiепcеs,
,ОАС,,Khi.Gk::I::,i";iЬ!{'!i!!x,X,:,;|,:',,ужI:"".ou,,,n
Abstrасt
Thе proсеssеs of сoppег and ruckеl еlесtгodеposition on thе dispегsеd paпiсlеs oftheгmoехpandеd gгaptutе and thе сonduсtivе soot havе bееn investigatеd with thе сyсliсvoltammеtry mеthod. It was shown possibilitу of сoppег and niсkеL еlесtгolyiо еxtraction fromthe aqueous solutions of thеiг salts with
"on"еnt,aiion
z
^iа,^' Ъtесtrоlysis in thе геaсtoгwith dispегsеd thrее.dimensional flowing еlесtгodеs of thе йегmoeхpandеd gгaphitе and thесonduсtivе soot showеd posibitity of nonfеггous mеtals ехtгaсtion to rеsidual сonсеntratiоnlowег than 0' 1 mg/dm, Thе сhaгaсtегistiсs of thе еleсtroсhеmiсal геaсtoг for puгifiсation ofthе printed сiгсuit сaгds manufaсtuгing washing watеr with p.oau.ii',,itу l00 L pеr houг aгеadduсеd.
Thе сlоsеd systеms with thе сirсulatе watеr supply aге most safе from eсologiсal poiпtof viеw. Appliсation of,thеsе tесhnologiеs in thе gatvanuno...йь,.ьydromеtallurgу and othегbranсhеs of industry is possiblе wiih соnditiй of thе *ashiщ watегs whiсh aге thеlow-сonс'еntratеd (lеss thеn l mgldmз) solution of thе nonfеrгous metals salts puгifiсationwithout гeagents mеthods.
onе of thе pеrspесtivе mеthods of this pгoblеm solution is an еlесtгolysis whiсh allowsto obtain nonfегrous mеtals in thе most сonсentrated kind and dеmands thе minimumexpеndituге of еnегgy foт thеiг fuпhеr pгосessing. But thе еlесtrolytiс ехtгaсtion of thеnonfeгrous metals fтom thе low-сonсentratеd solutions is makе diffiсult with the diffi.lsionlimits of еlесtгiсal сurгеnt' This-problеm may bе solvеd with ьetp oitь" ьшr.-po.ou, пo.^,ing
еlесtгodеs whiсh havе largе suгГaсе aгea.
For thе puгification of wastе watеr of еlесtrol1.tiс сadmium plаting thе еlесtгoсhеmiсa]
rеaсtoг with poгous сarbon сathodе and titanium witй plating of thЬ гarе mеtals oхidеs anodе
wеге usеd. Foг inсгеasе of сonduсtivity thе solution оf sodiuй сШoridе with thе сonсеntratiorlof 80 g/dmз was addеd.to thе washing watеrs. Thе dеgлее oгcJi;Ък.uсtion aсhiеvеd was98-99 % and foг сyanidеs - 9з% [1]. Foг еnhanсе of Ъlесtгolysis efiсiеnсy and of сathodеsurfaсe aгеa it was offегеd thе washing watегs to lеt pass tЬow layеr oГ the granulatеd
сonduсtivе сhaгgе whiсh playеd rоle of a сathodе. During еlесtгolysis thе potеntial of thесathodе was keрt 50 mV lowеr than thе rеduсtion рotеntial of a mеtal ехtгaсtеd [2]Foг manufaсturing of thе сoрpег plating fгom thе суanidе elесtгolyеs washing watеrthе еlесtгoсhеmiсal геaсtoг with сhaгgе of gгanulеs Nio эiеz ro.r whiсh is plaсеd й"*."n
2t7
stainlеss еlесtгodеs bipolar сathodе was used with sufiiсiеnt eftiсiеnсу [3]. Whеn thе
сonсеntratiоtr of thе inllrsolutiоn was 60 mg/dmз СN"and 50 mg/dmз Cu'* dесrеasing of CN-
сonсеntгation (down.o.1 'gс*.;
and Cu'- (down to 10 mg/dmз) was aоhiеvеd. Еlесtrolysis
was сaггiеd out foг 1 h with
"i,."ni
dеnsity 0. l5 mЫсm2 and voltagе 25 У at thе tеmpеraturе
20oC. Тhе spaсе bеtwееn еlесtrodеs сan bе fillеd with dispеrsеd nonсonduсtivе matегial, foг
еxample ion-еxсhangе гesin [4]. In this саsе thе еlесtrolуsis еfi[iсiеnсу inсгеasеs and ratе of
pгoсess may bе еnhanсеd in two timеs.
Ithavеbееnshоwnthatсhargеdlaуеrofthеionitеwhiсhisinсontaсtwiththе
platinum еleсtrodе has influеnсе on th; stationary potеntial of thе.еlесtгode [5] From othеr
i*j,l"'",i,"iй"
"г
thе platinum еlесtrodе lеads tЬ оhangе of асiditу of thе suгfaсе laуеr of
the titanium pt,o,pьutе iulil"i.'
'ьu,
lеads to inсгеasе of soгption сapaсitv in 2-3 timеs. Whеn
thе multiсomponеnt modеl solution whiсh сontainеd 0 001 N,{ of the ions Сu2*, Сf', Zn,*,
Ё;,;;*, N|z;.',,",.. iiu.,tigatеd it has bееn shown that in thе сasе of aсtivatеd with еleсtгical
fiеld soгption thе degreе oithеsе ions еxtгaоtion was 80-99 '9 o/o and whеn aсtivation was
absеnt it was lеss 46й ;; iь. ion, Cu2-, whiсh aге сhaгaсtеrisеd bу mоst high soгption
affinity to thе titanium phosphatе, aIе еxtгaсlеd in first tuгn whilе thе highеst dеgrеe of the
solution puгifiсation г,.o,l., шi'-ions is aсhiеvеd onlу aftег сomplеtе еxtraсtion fгom thе solution
of thе Cu2* сations.
The еlесtroсhеmiсal геaсtors with thе сaгbon fibrous matегials сathodеs wеrе found thе
most еffесtivе fоr thе ;;й;i"" of thе washing watеrs [6-8] Whеn mеrсury was extraсtеd in
thе суlindгiсal titaniuЬ еlесtroсhеmiсal геaоtoi with thе сathodе of сarbon fеlt, which was
prеpaгеd by thегmal proсеssing of thе pоlуaсrylonitгilе filamеnts at 9O0oс, of 99.9 %o уiеld was
aсhiеvеd. Thгow thе еlесtroсhеmiсal rеaсtor ihе solution wЫсh сontains 20 g/dm3 of sodium
сhloride and 100 mg/dmз of mегсury сhloгidе is pumpеd with гatе 150 сm3/сm2,hоuг' Whеn
thе сuгrеnt tьгow ttrе еtесtroсhеmiсal геaсtor was 100 mA сonсеntгation of mеrсury at the
outlеt оf thе rеaсtor was 0' 1 l mg/dm.
Bеhaviouг of thе еlесtгodеs of thе fibгous сarbon matегials havе bеen invеstigated
duгing сathodе and anodе polarisation inthе aсidiс and alkalinе mеdia [9.10]. Тhе pгoсessеs of
rеduсtion оf thе oхidе ,u.iu.", and еtсhing of thе fiber suгfaсе wеre obsегvеd. Whеn сuггеnt
dеnsitу is highеr th""jЬъ0'm, somе сha'ngеs in thе fibrеs struсtuгe arе deteсtеd. Craсk and
paгtial dеstruсtion of thе fibгеs takе plaсе. йo,..ou",, whеn thе elесtгoсhеmiсal rеaсtor with
thе сathodе of сarbon fibrеs is usеd for ехtraсtion of сopper with high puгificatiоn dеgгеe of
thе solution gгowing togеthеr of thе fibrеs via сoppег сrуslals is obsеrved that lеads to сhangе
for thе woгsе of
'i,..p?o."''
paгamеtеrs [11]. Тhis forсеs to,.lеad sеarсh of the dispеrsed
сarbоn matегials with dеvеlopеd suгГaсе *ьi.ь giu" possibility foг rеalization of thе
;pс.uaotiquid..сathodе whiсh is dеpгivеd of this dеfiсiеnсу'
Whеnсhoosеthematеrialformaklngofthe!ath9dе,.itwoцldbеtakеninto
сonsidегation that in thе proсеsses of thе mеta]s еlесtгiсal rеduсtion abilitу of thе еlесtrodе
surfaсе to adsorb mеtal ions plays an impoгtant rolе. It havе bееn fоund that thе ion еxсhangе
сapaсitу of thе
"u,bon
matЪrials dереnds on oxidation dеgreе of thеir suгfaсе whiсh is
dеtеrminеdbyabiiitуtofoгmationofthеsuгfaсесomplехеswiththеmеtalsions[l2]
oхidation of, thе .'ьon matеriаls suгfaсе takеs plaсе by hеating up 200.C in thе air
atmosphеrе, ьу u.tionТ.strйg o*idi,еrs (KМno+ in thе conоеntratеd HzSoц)' bу thе anodе
trеatmеnt in thе еleсtrolye solutions.
218
Ц'hеn thе
зs-:^g of СN
: lеctrolysis
: ::т]pеraturе
_ эtегial, foг
i ::^c ratе of
:д:: rvith thе
::оm othrr
r..-: layег of
: -:зs' Цrhеn
',- -.з' , Zn2' ,
'.'.. еlесtгiсal
Е: .]rion was
: :1 soгption
::::еe of the
щ ...е solution
}е-; iund thе
: ..':гaсtеd in
h ..' hiсh was
Ir . '''iеldwas
Е -.f sodium
f. - -:rг. Whеn
пве'"-ry at thе
Еlеctгoсhеmiсai oxidation of thе сaгbon fibгеs in сonсentrated sulfuгiс aсid lеads to
foгm of thе oxygen-сontaining funсtional groups not only on the suгГaсe but in thе bulk of thе
fibrе. Suсh trеatmеnt is сhaгaсtегizеd by foгmation of thе graphitе oхidе whiсh сan not bе
геduсеd to сaгbon bу cathodic polaгization [13]. Pгеsеnсе of thе funсtional gгoups on thе
suгГaсе of thе fibrе еssentially inсrеases thе сation ехсhangе сapaсity. Afteг ехposure of thе
anodiс tгeatmеnt сaгbon fеlt in 0 l М solution of silvег nitratе on thе voltammograms in
сondition of сathodiс polarization of thе еlесtгodе inсгеasе of silvеr rеduсtion сuгrеnt pеaks is
oссuггеd at thе potential +0.3 V. oхidation of thе сarbon flbrе with thе graphitе struсturе
surfaсе сan lеads to foгm of thе ioniс intегсalatеd сompounds whiсh fогm thе bulk oхidеs bу
hуdгolуsis. Тhе propeпiеs of thеsе oхidеs stronglу diffег fгom thе pгopегtiеs of thе suгfaсе
oхidеs. Thе bulk oхidеs arе flaky CHo-соmpounds having o)сygrn сovalеntly bonded Ьetwееn
distoгtеd layегs of сarbon hехagons, The laуer spaсing in bulk oхidеs (*62О pm) гoughlу
сoгrеsponds to thе laуег spaсing in gгaphitе plus thе oхygеn van dеr Waals diamеtеr
(= 280 pm) Bulk охidеs aге stгong oхidants; thеiг rеdoх potеntials arе сlosе to that of Mno2
[14] SuгГaсе oхides aге oхуgеn.сontaining funсtional groups suсh as -oH, -CooH and
othегs, situatеd at edgе positions of сaгЬon layеrs' Тhеiг геdoх propегtiеs aге moгe геlatеd to
those of aгomatiс сompounds with thе samе funсtiоnal gгoups, t'е', their геduсtion is only
paгtly possiblе in aquеous solutions and геquiгеs potеntials сlosе to that of thе hуdгogеn
еvolution'
Тhе mеthod of nonfегrous mеtals ехtгaсtion from lorv-сonсеntratеd solutions in thе
еlесtroсhemiсal гeaсtoгs of flow typе with thе сathodе of thегmally eхpandеd gгaphite (ТЕG)
was offеrеd by us [15]. Сhoiсе of thе matегial is сonditionеd by that TЕG has laгgе spесifiс
arеa and suгГaсе oxidеs whiсh as havе bееn shown up aгe the adsorption sitеs of thе
nonГeгrous mеtals ions' Тhе gгa;lhitе paпiсlеs with thе mеtal сoating pгесipitatе on thе bottom
of thе elесtгoоhеmiсal rеaсtor and сan be ехtгaсted еasily without intегruption of thе proсеss,
Powdеr of thе mеtallizеd gгap}utе is thе valuablе matеrial for thе antifriсtion waгеs pгoduсtion'
Thе геsults of сoppеr and niсkеl ехtгасtion fгom thе sulfatе solutions with
сonrеntration less thеn i g/dm, in thе еlесtroсhеmiсal rесtoгs with dispегsеd сathodе of TЕG
and сonduсtivе сaгbon blaсk soоt (CS) aге pгеsеntеd in this papег.
Ехpеrimеntal
TЕG with thе filling dеnsity of 8-l0 g/dm3 was pгеpaгеd by mеans of гapid hеating (in
the preliminary waгmеd up to 900оС еlесtгiсal furnaсе) of thе intегсalatеd йth sulphuгiс асid
natural graphitе GAK-2 utilizing Q\It{r)2s2os as oхidizег [16]. Cs was obtainеd by mеans of
thеrmal trеatmеnt in aгgon аtmosphеrе of tесhniсal сarbon at thе tеmperatuге t500oС for
60 hгs
Voltammogгams weге takеn off in thе threе еlеоtrodеs сell with the potentiostаte
PI - 50 -1 1 with ratе of potеntial sсan 5 mV/s' As thе auхiliary еleсtrodе was used graphitе
platе with dimеnsions 40x10х3 mm, Thе potеntial valuеs rеГег to thе silvеr еlесtгodе'
satuгatеd with KCl. Thе working еlесtrodе was madе uр of сompaсt TЕG oг СS by means оf
thе dispегsеd material pгеssеd in a glass tubе with inside diamеtеr of 3 mm whеn it was plaсеd
on a glass platе. Thе woгking suгГaсе ц,as lower еdgе оГthе obtainеd сaгbоn pivot and сuпеnt
сonduсtoг - pгеssеd in it сoppег wiге.
Dispегsеd woгking еlесtrodе was madе up by mеans of fill up 10 mg of TЕG in thе
glass tubе with insidе diamеtеr of 3 mm whiсh was installеd in thе сеll fillеd with еlесtrolvtе
.
' еstigatеd
-:.сеsses of
-:r сuгrеnt
]гaсk aпd
:..;toг with
. jеgгее of
:o оhangе
. 3ispеrsеd
. ^. of the
.i.iеn into
-. еlесtгodе
- эxсhangе
' : lvhiсh is
rr^flns Llzl. :. thе aiг
' ::,Iе anodе
219
ai1d(]Оррriсtlirепtсоnduсtoгц,ithdiamеtеr25mmъ,aslowетеdondeеDеrthatthеlowеr
еdqе оf ТЕG was u,,n. gtu,, tt:bе сLtt, l, u ьu.кgЬndЪlесtгоlytе *u, u,"d 0.0l М solution
"i"'"Ji'"*."iг* of соppег and niсkеl from thе solutions-.Ч:;ff';i;::.lъж
;lТ,,'."".Дri;нk"lт;хiliiнщЪЦ:qiii{:ii"+il*'ъi*ж'.:"##
ж
j"#';HЖнi:*l'хъ;н!iЩffi 'xТ.*Т*НйГthesplitч."*:^""
thе niсkеl сirсlе еdgе and thе вr1ss r;а;t^o1*;li] A' thе anodе graphitе pivot with diamеtеr
6
"-,m
whiсh ,vas sttuatеd in thе-glass t"b. fo,';;;;."'йg "г
сontaсt with йе сathodе partiсlеs
sin,,еs.
РuпrрinЦ оf еlесtro11,tе was сarr|{:::Tit5j;''+l';ъHlъ:il-}1;"}i:i1чH.
,o uu^ ,i.- *lo,i,g :нii":,";lн|'..J"e1# }'/TЪff li,H3 HiЖ ЦliЁ!fi:
еlесtriсitу quantltу wt
''vhiсh r,vas sеttlеd ;;; ;;;;; *u, з.sv. *;;Ъ; ;;ueь |?I еxtraсtion of all mеtal.
Еlесtrосhеmi.u',"u".oi *^,,*'':q *ith .1#;i;у *'[ iьЪ1,.ьilisеd powеr sourсr B 5-49
Тhе сurrеnt uutu" *ui"oйrl.ЪЪltь..ь* 'шlГij.iiР'i,'o,?;", wеге сaггiеd out bу .thе
r)еtеrп.rinations of сoppег and nlсKе,^::'.,j;: ;;;;;.;*. usеd for thе sоlutions
со.!i-.rirnеtгiс mеtьocs 1tт1' тЪЪ ,.ug.nts of analyiс puгitу wеrс
orеnaгatiоn
Тhеsр'есifiсsuгГaсеarеawasdеtегminatеdbуthestandardmethodofargonadsorption
at. thе liquid nitгt.lgеn bоiling tеmреratuге
.',ith the сliffraсtomеtег DRON - 3М using Cuк"
Х-ra.'' speсtro,"o.o,.*"' оarтiеd out with thе diffraсtomеtеt
radiation
Rеsults аnсi disсussiоn
TЕGduеtоресuliaгitуofitspгepaгationtесhnologуhasrеsidualsofthеintеrсalant
(su1l1rriс aсid) in ,hJ.;;;i"g,.ii"g i"t iь.- diff",.n,
'oxуgеn-сontaining
funсtional groups
(laсtonе, qulnonе.'а ",i,"о
1Ть1' tn
"onn.".ion.*ith
this wЬеn еlесtrodе of TЕG is сathodiс
po1arizеd ttrе pгoсеss:еs-"iаlii,."i."ыi"" ";;;;;;.".**"l"'"g ТЁ:ilуlffi o"1,"'
:;':. ."
,
"l"
*. {ltg i*xi;" ЩlJ:} !i "{l
:тJ:l:" Hi !Щ,;# l ";;;;';
Ь f сatho d i с
роlari sation,i*., ;:' ;;;ъryi"!,;ч1.1'j;f Trf;}'ьl;**:lxl,1l1.:"j:ЩijЦ1r
la,se nf nесеssitу. to invеstigatе dеpеnoеl
potеntiostаtlс '.*''-.^.i-,ьJ
p",.niiut l v_tье еtесirodе was. poiarizеd foг 5 min
]1 'n.
baсkground .r..,,Jii."ut.,,ь."i "ry]::::i.J;;".-::!::'i:1^""'
Thеn thе proсеdurе was
геpеatеdThеvoltammogгamsu,",n,.1n1.J.i'гig,lУl.".timeofpolarizationismorethеn
30 min. thе сuгrеnt valuеs do 1o,..n1iТ,ii.i.i,
,iьy all fuтthеr invesiigations сaгry out on thе
еiесtrоdеs uR., р,.ti'inary polaгizati"" o"i"* jчfrn т ч::::IffiHнT:l',ll#.of ..u,..n,
";:."i1Т'.i:l*i:::n::J}3i!iЁ
}::'}iiуtЁ-Ёj''. aod 210 #/g for CS)
thе сuгrеnt uutu..ilЪ".l,J., ьigь.,,i;,;;;;i;'tthе еlе-сtrode of prеssеd TЕG. At thе
l"Ё;:i:::iж1;', Ёj**}iвt;ii:ж;;::ъ1т;Ъ.*-""""'.ffi
r:fjiT.
Thе potег,ttat vaп
TЕG еlеr;lrоoе
220
..з: thе loweг
.I \{ solution
эut in thе
---еtег 30 mm
:: ТЕG or at
;::h diamеtеr
.:iit bеtwееn
'.l ,ih diamеtеr
:...:'Jе paгtiсlеs
.. '':сh allowеd
s:*t suсhthat
i :j:теnt valuе
l :: all mеtal^
l. -:се B5-49.
: -ut bу thе
' ..з solutions
ц -
., adsorption
] ''. .lsing Cuк"
[ .'.. intеrсalant
l:- : ral groups
!! -- Ls сathodiс
ts - :ass on it
h. :ге ablе to
!s: lf сathodiс
s :э Thiswas
ts. Foг this in
rin. in thе
" ::еdurе was
s moге thеn
-. out on the
]е
:.: of сurrеnt
-: g for CS)
-:G At thе
'lnmogram.
: :r.an that on
Thеrmal tгеatmеnt of сaгbon matегials lеads to сonduоtivity inсгеasе duе togгaphitization of the struсtuге [12] But Х-гay рowdег pattегns of CS and natuгal gгaphitе did
Ж""::jжfl:i}:.:;'".iil1еraЫе
quantitf"гo.'utloniгigji.''йЬn it had сonduсtivity as
As was mеntionеd abovе thе rеaсtions оf thе mеtal ions еieсtгoгеduсtion arеdiffi.rsion-сontгollеd in- low-сonсеnt.atеd ,Jutlon, It *;; i"i".""ьg to study bеhaviouг ofTЕG and CS еIесtгodеs in thе solution
"o,,tuiыng-of ;;й;,;;,nlск*t ion,. In Fig. 3 thеvoItammograms of TЕ.G-pгеssed еlесtroа." u.. pгеsentеd'
Introduсtion of Cu2* ions in thе solution lеads to сhange of thе voltammograms andwhеn thе so'ution .чT:з:Уd'.
"i;;;;.г thе pгoсess oiiь" n",.,ur dеposition on ТЕGсathodе bесomеs pгedominating Thе sесtiЬns of liЬitеd ;;;i *niсh ualu" dеpеnds ondеpolaгizator сonсеntгation u,. Jb,.*"J Ьn.й"
"u-",. othег shapе сусIiс voltammogгams onprеssеd ТЕG wеrе in niсkеl.сontaining solutiо", {Flg;i. ъй..i,o..,.oo. potential of niсkе,геduсtion геaction (-0,2б V ,s. ьya,Бgs,' .i..t.oa.) is lowег tьu" tьш of сoppег геduсtion(+0.з4 V). Тherеfoгe thе pгoсess.'
"гЪiг,J. aсid dеintегс;i..й ,u.гu". oxidеs геduсtion]hydгogеn and niсkеl гeduсiion proсееd ;;;i';.o",ly. Сuпеnt ualu"s oг еaсh these proсеssеsaге сompaгablе in thе low сonсеntrated solutions and no onе i, p."ь.inutе. Thе brеak on thесuгvеs at potеntial -0 07 v is сausеd with
.
niсkеl а.po'itiЬ"
-*
TЕG. Тhе гesults ofvoltammеtгiс tеsts of pгеssеd ТЕG.t."tioс.,.,ьo* tьutьyа."gЪ";;",".l"n ovег voltagе is -
];,'}"},l'.n
йll allow to usе this matегial foг ехtraсtion Ьг nйг"..ous mеtals from aquеous
it)
2ОО
_-Е ьrB
Fig.l. Сусliс,1oltamm9grams of pгеssеd ТЕG еl.-сtгodе in the baсkgгound еlесtrolytе:
.1 - without ргеliminary.poiaпzation; 2 - afterpolaгization foilЫmin';3,4 - after polaгization foг 3O and 40 min
221
(a)
i..э .
\
\***,rtt'**-*
aoo 20
(b)
Fie. 2. Х-гaу рowdrr pattегns оf СS (o) and gгaphitе (b)
li -
I
1:] г
i -/.-,-1 // ---\ ..4-/-
.F'
/
a
:
4
:
:
a
--_:,-::- :
111
' ".
i- -;='-*---;5--ъfr ф9;-io o
F' i g 3 . С
-v
с l i с
: :I i:i: *,j.:;
т ]if j :; ;: i;l1': lt HJll::'i :'il#jlt'*',.*,. .
сoDpеr сontеnr
pоiеntial sсan
Cyсliс vоltammogгams of CS pгеssеd elесtгodеs in solutions сontaining сoppeг aгеshown in Fig. 5. Suсh ai in thе сasе
"г1Ьё еlесtrodеs p"l;;i;;;i;; thе pгосеss of suгfaсеoхidеs rеduсtion is markеd on voltammoeiй (сuгv9 r). Ь;;;;;;;;;е of сoppег ions in thеsolution begins display onlу whеn tь"i' .oi."nilation is ьigь.. tЁ.n1O0 mg/dm3 (сuгves 3, 4)
I
,il
-o
оUU lJUU _Е
]
Fig.4. Cyсliс voltammograms of pгеssеd TЕG еlесtrodеs in thе solutions with diffегеntniсkеl сontеnts: ./-O; 2-1О;3-2О; 4-50; 5- 100mяy'dmз.
_
'
зТo - -сo ---i.---. 1i: --- 1эй -i -
Fig. 5. Cyсliс voltammogгams оf CS еlесtгodе in сoppег-сontaining solutions:1. О;2.50;J- lO0;and 1-2oОmgofсoppЬгPег 1 dm3.---.-
-О
7
О
22З
х
Е
-
л
---- /-/i
9ОО -Е, mV
Fig.б. Cyсliс voltammograms of CS еlесtгodе.in niсkеl-сontaining solutions.
I .О;2 -2О;3. 5a;;l. iоо mg oiniсkеlpег 1 dmз'
In thе сasе of СS elесtгodе pоlaгization in niсkel-сontaining solution any pеaks of
niсkelгеduсtionarеnotobsегvеdonthеvoltammograms(Fig.6).Butonесansеесlеarpeaks
of niсkеl oхidation on thе сuгl,еs of геvегsе potеitiai sсan-and may affirm that niсkеl ions
ii'Ыg. on thе paгtiсlеs suгГaсе with lоrmation of thе metal plating.
Absenсе oг .oрщ,Ъ"J niоkеl pеaks rеduсtion may be connесted with laгgе surfaсе
aгеa of thе еlесtrodе.Соmрaгing l'oltammogгams of СS еiесtгodеs in сoppег-сontaining and
niсkеl-сontaining solution,.*. йuу saу that duе to laтgе surfaсе^arеa of thе еlесtrodе сuпеnt
dеnsitу is so low and vеry .unу Ьf соРЧе.г and niсkеiсlustегs form on thе partiсles surfaсе
Unlikе to nickеl сoppеr.tuu..,,u,. unsiablе in thе solution and proсеss of their disappеarеnсе
isoссurrеd.Bесausеthisthеpеaksofсoppегdissolutionaгеnotobsеrvеdontherеversеsсan
сuwеs.With
polaгizatiоn оf disреrsеd TЕG е1есtrod. ч:^:::^phеnomеnon
is oссuгrеd
(Fig.7) but сuггеnt.,uй, u.. hilhеr оn oгdеr of valuе as сomparеd with that of the pгеssеd
elесtrodеs and limited сuггеnt оf соррег геduсtion begin to Ье ocсuггеd at сonсеntratioг
2mg/dmз. t:l.^ г^. ^.tЬ^rlдс ^f nreqcеrl ТЕG on thе
AsconsеquenсеofthеvоltammеtryiikеforсathodesofpгеssеdTЕGonth,
vcltammogгams of dispеrsеd еlесtгodеs in niсkеl-сontaining solutions disоhaгgе of nickеl ions
11 А
is mаskеd with.paгallel
.pгocessеs and only in thе solutions which сontain 20O and morеmgldm.оГniсkel thе pеaks of niсkel rеduсtion displaу on thе сurvеs.
Сompaгing thе voltammogгams of dispегsеd ТЕG elесtrodеs for thе solution with lowniсkеl сonсеntration (l-20 mgldm,; onе.uy say that at thеsе сonсеntгations dеposition ofniсkеl takеs plaсе bесausе diffегеnсе of оuггЬnt at samе potеntials in diгесt and reveгsе sсaninсгеasеs in сausе of inсrеasе of niсkеl геduсеd геsults tЬе aссеssory pгoсеssеs flow on thесathodеs of tеstеd сaгЬon matегials аnd this is a саusе of that еffiсiеnсу of еlесtrolysis will notaсhievе I00 %. This сonсlusion is сonfiгmеd with the еlесtrolysis геsutts whiсh arе pгеsеntеd
in Tablеs 1 and2.
Thе еleсtrolysis rеsults соnfiгmеd the supposition whiсh have bеen made on the basis ofvoltammеtry data that .Рp.p.l will not dеpоsit on CS paпiсlеs. Еlесtrolysis lеads to foгmation
of сopper as well as niсkеl plating on suгГaсе of TЕG paпiсles and mеtallizеd paгtiсles whiсhсontain 10-|2 % of graphite dеposit on thе bottom of the еlесtroсhеmiсal reaсtor. But whеn
еlесtrolysis was сaггied out in thе еlесtгoсhеmiсal геaсtor with dispегsеd CS оathode in thесase oГ niсkеl.сontaining solutions thе dispеrsеd powdег of niсkеl whiсh praсtiсally did not
сontain of сaгbon was obtainеd and in the .us. of сoppег -сontaining solution thе powdег ofсoppеr oхidе was obtained.
I.шA
сг зnу pеaks of
ш :еэ сlеaг peaks
t ..:: niсkеl ions
ri:. 'зrgе surГaсе
в.: -.ntaining and
з :::гode сuffent
l : i::эlеs surfaсe'
Ь. :isappеarеnсе
t -: геversе sсan
l:: . is oссurтеd
lв -: thе prеssеd
l i. :oncеntration
в: ТЕG on thе
};: эf niсkеl ions
I
12э 1эб
,/
,,/
0'2У
Fig.7. Voltammogгams of dispегsеd еlесtгode in thе solutions with diffеrеnt сoppег сontеnts
I . О; 2 - 0 l; J -0.2, 1- 0 5; 5 - 1.0, 6 -2О.,and' 7 - 5.О mgofсoppеipeг l dm3'
/',i I
I
I_Т
i
1()0 . ,l/ /,,1/1-
;;ii/7
,/ ,// /
.Е
zl>
Takingintoсonsidегationthеrеsu1tsoflabоratorylеststhеехpегimеntal
elесtгoсhеmiсal rеaсtoг йuu. ь."n projесtеd and madе ехрегimеntal samрiе of еlесtroсhеmiсal
геaсtor with dispеrsеd TвG сathojе гo,. .oрp., .*tгaсtio; from washing \Yatегs of thе pгintеd
сiгсuit produсtion sесtioп тi.,.,utt, ofproЬuсtion tеsts aгe pгеsеntеd in thе ].ablе 3.
(a)
J
l
с
a
C
(b)
Е
O
Fig.8..";'i":ilу:Тът j]'i.ji:ir.:i:i{!:чiiЩ.ji{:iТ,'{tвsolutiоns
(b) /. 2О; 2 -й' ]'- l00; J. zoо; anji.iooгne"i"iсkеiреr 1 <imз.
226
iimеntal
;hеmiсal
: ргintеd
Tablе 1
Dеpendenсе of сuггеnt еffrсienсу of сoрpег and niсkel ехtraсtion on еlесtгolyte сonсеntгation
in thе еlесtroсhеmiоal гraоtoг with dispегsеd TЕG сathodе
Cы..
mg/dmз
Ехtгaсtion of metal, Yo Currеnt еffrсiеnсv. 7o
т
mA
I
L9ц1191, mg/oln.
NiCuNiCuNiCu
1l
2l
J)
410
520
650
7 100
I 200
9 500
4.O
2.0
2.2
25
2.8
J.)
40
6.0
0.1
0.4
06
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.5
О,7
0.6
03
0.2
01
015
0.1
О2
0.4
02
920
б0 l
88.4
oan
98s
995
99.6
99.5
99.8
6.2
12,0
15 6
r 8.3
з 0.9
390
46.1
528
2.5
),J
9.5
15.6
1',7.2
29.8
з.7,2
44.5
500
6.2
r2.0
15 6
18.3
309
390
46.1
52.8
Таblе 2
Dеpеndenсе of сurrеnt еffiсiеnсу of сoppег and niсkеl ехtraсtion on еlесtгol1tе сonсеntration
in thе е!есtгoсhеmiсal гeaсtoг with dispеrsеd CS сathodе
Ciы",
mg/dm3
I' mА Cou11"1. mg/dmз Ехtгaсtion of mеta|'o/o Сuгrеnt еffrсiеnсу' 7o
NiCuNiСuCu
1t
25
310
420
550
6 100
7 200
8 500
2.0
2.2
25
2.8
3.5
э.l
4.0
6.0
0.1
0i
0.1
0.1
0l
0l
0t2
0.2
0.1
A1
0l
0.1
0t
0.t
0l
0.t
950
98.0
99.0
99.s
99.8
999
998
999
950
980
990
99.5
99.8
999
999
99.9
5.5
>../.
18.0
18.8
з2.|
J 6.L
45.6
52.з
18.0
18.8
з82
чo-/,
<,, 1
22'7
Tablе 3
Тhе геsults оf produсtion tеsting оf thе ехpеrimеntal samplе of еleсtroсhemiсаl rеaсtor madе
at SPU..Еlесtгonprylad''
Coppеr сontaining .
in inlеt watег, mg/dm.
Сopрег сontaining .
in outlеt watег' mg,/dm,
Рroduсtivitу,
dm-/h
I, Voltagе,
l0
5
'7
5
2
5
2
200
150
120
100
100
10
20
1
z
3
A
5
6
'l
50
40
4.0
55
7L
35
J,L
60
35
35
35
з5
50
З5
25
25
50
50
50
50
.7О
on thе basis оf thеsе ехрегimеnta.l rеsults somе modегnisation of the геaсtoг
сonstruсtion was mаdе, As a rеsult thе геaсtoг has nехt рaгamеtегs:
15х0'35х1sizеs. m
сoppег сoпtеnts in inlеt rvatег, mg,/dm. . 100
сoppег сontеnts in outlеt watеr, mg/dm. 2
сurгеnt vallrе, A 8
voltagе, V 35
.*p"n,ditu.. of dispеrsеd TЕG, g/mз of watег 10
pгoduсtivity, dmз oГ',vatег/hour 60
Purifiеd watеr was givеn baсk to washing bath Ехpеnditurе of еiесtгiсal еnеrgу foг
purifiсation of ] m3 watег was 4.5 kWhouг' Thе еlесtгосhеmiсal геaсtors with dispегsеd
сaгbon сathodеs allow to aсhiеvе thе samе paramеtеrs of nonfеrrous mеtals еxtгaсtion dеgrее
from low-сonсеntratеd ъ,atег solutions and of a spесifiс outlay of thе сathodе matеrial in
сompaгison rvith rеaсtoгs with сaгbon fibrous сathodеs'
Rеfеrеnсes
1. Boсhom D'I', Bussеt W., Galvег B'A' Еlесtroсhеmtсal puгifiсatiоn of wastе watег from
сadmium // Plat, SuгГ Finish..1986.-7з, N 4 -P 65-70
2. С|atmN40з03 12, Gегmanу' С ozF 1146' Ехtгaсtion of thе mеtal ions from wastе Watег.
P:uЪl 02.04.92
3. Balasubramanian J. Еlесtrolуtiс trеatmеnt оf dilutе plating еffluеnts l/ Bull. Еlесtroсhеm..
r990.- v. 6, N 4.-P 446-449
4. Patеnt N48820l8, USАЧ с 25 C
еlесtroсhеmiсal геaсtor with thе
Publ.21.11.83.
5' Dzуazko LI.S. Soгption pгopегtiеs
titanium phosphatе. Rеferat of Ph.D
l/00. Ехtraсtion оf metals fгom dilutеd solutions in thе
intегеlесtrodе sрaсе fillеd with ion ехсhangе rеstn'
of inoгganiс pгоton-сonduсtivе matегials basеd on
thеsis' - Kyiv, 1999 (in Ukrainian).
228
еaсtor madе
Pr"d."ttttty,
dm-/n
25
25
50
)U
50
50
70
1е геaсtor
э :зеrgy foг
.... dispегsеd
з:.:-.n dеgrее
[е :atеrial in
]tеr from
] " ]ilе watеr'
г' :::гoсhеm..
:asеd оn
7.
6' Bushkov V N Еlесtгoсhеmiсal tесhnolоgiеs of mеtal еxtгaсtion and haгmlеssing of galvaniс
wastе watег // 5ff Ukгainian Conf on Еlесtгoсhеmistry' - Uzhgorod, lв-zi Sеltembег
l990 . Abstгaсts, Part-2, Uzhgoгod,1990.-Р 8 (in Russian)'
Ехtraсtion of mегсury fгom solutions the flowing сarbon fibге еleсtгodеs l
Baгmashеnko V.I., Lеvenbeгg Е P , Lеvinsky Е I., Dukhlenkо L.G. // ibid'.P'4'
Vaгеntsov v K Utilization of thе flowing bulky-porous еlесtгodеs foг intensifiсation of
еlесtгoсhemiсal pгосеssеs in hуdгometaIluгgy / In ..Intеnsifiсation of еlесtroсhеmiсal
proсеsses'', Cоll sсi. woгks. AS UssR, Institutе of Еlесtгoсhеmistry@d. by Tomilov A.P ).
М':Nauka, 1988. - P 94- l 18 (in Russian).
Vaгеntsov V K., Varеntsova V I Altегation of thе сarbon fibrе pгopeгtiеs with сathodе
treatmеnt in aсid and alсаlinе solutions ll Zh'Prikl' Khimii.-l999 .-У.72, N4 -P 605.609.
in thе
rеsin'
l0. Varеntsova V.I., Vaгеntsov V K' Influenсе of anodе polarization in aсid and a|kalinе
solutions to the propегtiеs of сaгbon fibre llibid ' P.609-6l3.
ll. Varеntsov V,K Yudkina L.L. Мodеrn сhеmiсal and galvaniс pгoсеssеs in thе printеd
сirсuit сards manufaсtuгing ll Мaterials of Sсiеntifiс-Tесhniсal Sеm. Lеningrad: 2narue,
RsFSR Housе of Sci.-Tесh, Proр.-L.,l99l..P 68-70 (in Russian)
l2. Taгkovskaуa I.A. oxidizеd сharсoal.-Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. - 198l' - 200 p (in Russian).
l3, Теodoгidou Е', Jannakoudakis A D' and Jannakoudakis D.ll Synth.Меt.-l984.V 9 -
P. l9-30.
l4. Caгbon fibrе.suppoпеd noble mеtal сatalysts: optimization of fibге prеtreatmеnt /
Tеodoгidou Е', Jannakoudakis DJ, Bеsеnhard J.o', Sautеr RF. // Sуnth. Мet..l986.-
v l4-P 125-135
l5. Pat. N28з38 d Ukгainе, С 25 С l/16. Thе mеthod of the nonfеrгous mеtals ехtгaсtion
from low-сonсеntгated solutions l Zagorovskу GМ., Prikhod'ko GP., Chuiko A.A.'
ogеnko V.М., Slеsarеvsky S.o.' сl N 96072959,2з,o.7.96. Publ. 2OO0, Bull N 5-l1
16. Chегnysh I'G., Karpov I'I., Pгikhod.ko GP., Shay VМ Physiсoсhеmiсal Pгopегtiеs of
Graphitе and its Compounds. . Kуiv: Naukova Dumka. - l990. - 200 p. (in Russian)
l7. Lur.e Yu'Yu' Analуtiсal сhеmistry of industгial wastе watег. - М.:Сhеmistrv. 1984 -
447 p. (in Russian).
229
|
| id | oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article-61 |
| institution | Surface |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-09-24T17:44:39Z |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publisher | Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | surfacezbircomua/55/cbdefbdd0a588342a83c055c4d45db55.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article-612018-11-27T09:42:39Z Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters Zagorovsky, G. M. Sidorenko, I. G. Prikhod'ko, G. P. Ogenko, V. M. Gunyaev, A. A. The processes of copper and nickel electrodeposition on the dispersed particles of thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot have been investigated with the cyclic voltammetry method. It was shown possibility of copper and nickel electrolytic extraction from the aqueous solutions of their salts with concentration 2 mg/dm3. Electrolysis in the reactor with dispersed three-dimensional flowing electrodes of the thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot showed posibility of nonferrous metals extraction to residual concentration lower than 0.1 mg/dm3, The characteristics of the electrochemical reactor for purification of the printed circuit cards manufacturing washing water with productivity 100 L per hour are adduced. The processes of copper and nickel electrodeposition on the dispersed particles of thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot have been investigated with the cyclic voltammetry method. It was shown possibility of copper and nickel electrolytic extraction from the aqueous solutions of their salts with concentration 2 mg/dm3. Electrolysis in the reactor with dispersed three-dimensional flowing electrodes of the thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot showed posibility of nonferrous metals extraction to residual concentration lower than 0.1 mg/dm3, The characteristics of the electrochemical reactor for purification of the printed circuit cards manufacturing washing water with productivity 100 L per hour are adduced. The processes of copper and nickel electrodeposition on the dispersed particles of thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot have been investigated with the cyclic voltammetry method. It was shown possibility of copper and nickel electrolytic extraction from the aqueous solutions of their salts with concentration 2 mg/dm3. Electrolysis in the reactor with dispersed three-dimensional flowing electrodes of the thermoexpanded graphite and the conductive soot showed posibility of nonferrous metals extraction to residual concentration lower than 0.1 mg/dm3, The characteristics of the electrochemical reactor for purification of the printed circuit cards manufacturing washing water with productivity 100 L per hour are adduced. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2001-06-10 Article Article application/pdf https://surfacezbir.com.ua/index.php/surface/article/view/61 Surface; No. 4-6 (2001): Chemistry, Physics and Technology of Surface; 217-229 Поверхность; № 4-6 (2001): Химия, физика и технология поверхности; 217-229 Поверхня; № 4-6 (2001): Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні; 217-229 3154-8091 3154-8083 en https://surfacezbir.com.ua/index.php/surface/article/view/61/60 Авторське право (c) 2001 G.M. Zagorovsky, I.G. Sidorenko, G.P. Prikhod’ko, V.M. Ogenko, A.A. Gunyaev |
| spellingShingle | Zagorovsky, G. M. Sidorenko, I. G. Prikhod'ko, G. P. Ogenko, V. M. Gunyaev, A. A. Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| title | Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| title_alt | Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| title_full | Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| title_fullStr | Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| title_short | Dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| title_sort | dispersed carbon cathodes for nonferrous metals extraction from technological waste waters |
| url | https://surfacezbir.com.ua/index.php/surface/article/view/61 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zagorovskygm dispersedcarboncathodesfornonferrousmetalsextractionfromtechnologicalwastewaters AT sidorenkoig dispersedcarboncathodesfornonferrousmetalsextractionfromtechnologicalwastewaters AT prikhodkogp dispersedcarboncathodesfornonferrousmetalsextractionfromtechnologicalwastewaters AT ogenkovm dispersedcarboncathodesfornonferrousmetalsextractionfromtechnologicalwastewaters AT gunyaevaa dispersedcarboncathodesfornonferrousmetalsextractionfromtechnologicalwastewaters |