Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна
It has long been known that materials containing cellulose fibers in their composition are destroyed by molds, microorganisms, actinomycetes, which use cellulose as a carbon source. Different fibrous materials to varying degrees (but always) are affected by molds. It is known that linseed and cotton...
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Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2021
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Surface| _version_ | 1869291896262623232 |
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| author | Шевченко, В. М. Гуц, Н. А. Шпак, А. Є. Суровцева, О. Р. |
| author_facet | Шевченко, В. М. Гуц, Н. А. Шпак, А. Є. Суровцева, О. Р. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
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"author": "В. М. Шевченко",
"institution": "Національний технічний університет України «КПІ імені Ігоря Сікорського»"
},
{
"author": "Н. А. Гуц",
"institution": "Національний технічний університет України «КПІ імені Ігоря Сікорського»"
},
{
"author": "А. Є. Шпак",
"institution": "Національний технічний університет України «КПІ імені Ігоря Сікорського»"
},
{
"author": "О. Р. Суровцева",
"institution": "Інститут фізики напівпровідників Національної Академії Наук України"
}
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| author_sort | Шевченко, В. М. |
| baseUrl_str | |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2022-02-21T13:55:09Z |
| description | It has long been known that materials containing cellulose fibers in their composition are destroyed by molds, microorganisms, actinomycetes, which use cellulose as a carbon source.
Different fibrous materials to varying degrees (but always) are affected by molds. It is known that linseed and cotton types of paper are affected by the smallest number of fungi, and sulphate ones by the largest. The most biostable is cotton paper, the composition of which contains chalk in a sufficiently large amount. The observations carried out by the authors showed that the highest biostability (fungal resistance) is characteristic of papers containing chalk and kaolin, the lowest is glued types of paper with a high degree of sizing.  Aging of paper with increasing temperature increases the overall susceptibility of all types of paper tested without exception. Obviously, changes in the physical and chemical properties of paper as a result of aging create more favorable conditions for the growth of fungi.  It is well known that paper can serve as a medium for the spread of infectious diseases. The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt fiber and investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical paper.Obtaining materials that are not affected by bacteria, insects and molds (fungicidal,insecticidal) can be solved by using inorganic fibers, which are obtained from almost unlimited natural resources and which have excellent biochemical properties. It should be noted that the concept of "biocidal" paper (material) is collective. It combines species that differ in their ability to kill bacteria (bactericidal), molds (fungicidal), insects (insecticidal). Each of the biocidal types of materials has two or more of these properties. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/Surface.2021.13.182 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-22T19:35:24Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Поверхня. 2021. Вип. 13(28). С. 182–187 182
UDC 676.224 doi: 10.15407/Surface.2021.13.182
BASALT FIBER BASED BIOCIDE MATERIALS
V.M. Shevchenko1, N.A. Guts1, A.Ye. Shpak1, E. R. Surovtseva2
1 National Technical University of Ukraine “KPI named Igor Sikorsky”,
03056, Kyiv, Peremogy av., 37, (+38044)236-97-74, e-mail: gutsanelya@ukr.net
2Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
03028, Kyiv, Science av., 41, (093)252-27-45, e-mail: info@isp.kiev.ua
It has long been known that materials containing cellulose fibers in their composition are
destroyed by molds, microorganisms, actinomycetes, which use cellulose as a carbon source.
Different fibrous materials to varying degrees (but always) are affected by molds. It is known
that linseed and cotton types of paper are affected by the smallest number of fungi, and sulphate
ones by the largest. The most biostable is cotton paper, the composition of which contains chalk in a
sufficiently large amount. The observations carried out by the authors showed that the highest
biostability (fungal resistance) is characteristic of papers containing chalk and kaolin, the lowest is
glued types of paper with a high degree of sizing. Aging of paper with increasing temperature
increases the overall susceptibility of all types of paper tested without exception. Obviously, changes
in the physical and chemical properties of paper as a result of aging create more favorable
conditions for the growth of fungi. It is well known that paper can serve as a medium for the spread
of infectious diseases. The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt
fiber and investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical
paper.Obtaining materials that are not affected by bacteria, insects and molds
(fungicidal,insecticidal) can be solved by using inorganic fibers, which are obtained from almost
unlimited natural resources and which have excellent biochemical properties. It should be noted
that the concept of "biocidal" paper (material) is collective. It combines species that differ in their
ability to kill bacteria (bactericidal), molds (fungicidal), insects (insecticidal). Each of the biocidal
types of materials has two or more of these properties.
Keywords: biostable material, cellulose, basalt fibers, clay minerals.
Introduction
It's long been known that materials which contain cellulose fibers in their composition are
subject for destruction by mold fungi, microorganisms, actinomycete bacteria which use the
cellulose as a source of carbon.
Different fibrous materials to varying degrees, but are necessarily affected by molds. It is
known that the smallest number of fungi affect linseed and cotton types of paper (almost equally),
and the largest - sulfate ones.
The most biostable is cotton paper, the composition of which contains chalk in a sufficiently
large amount.
Observations carried out [1] have shown that paper containing chalk and kaolin in addition to
fibers is distinguished by the highest resistance to fungi. The least resistant paper is the glued paper
with the highest degree of sizing. Aging of paper at elevated temperatures increases the overall
susceptibility of all types of paper tested without exception. Obviously, changes in the physical and
mailto:gutsanelya@ukr.net
183
chemical properties of paper as a result of aging create more favorable conditions for the growth of
fungi.
O.V. Kozulina et al. [1] revealed the "tastes" of book pests: these fungi prefer cotton and
sulphate paper, and have a negative attitude towards paper with rosin sizing and fillers such as
chalk, kaolin and others.
It is well known that paper can serve as a medium for the spread of infectious diseases [1].
We may obtain materials that do not fall under the action of (fungicidal, insecticidal) bacteria,
insects, and mold by using inorganic fibers. Those fibers are obtained from almost unlimited natural
resources. They are non-toxic, have excellent biochemical characteristics, high thermal stability and
low thermal conductivity. Such is the material based on the use of basalt fiber in its composition.
Shrinkage depends on the initial bulk density of basalt wool: the greater the bulk density, the higher
the temperature at which shrinkage begins. Thus, the temperature of the onset of inelastic
deformation of basalt fibers is 500 - 700 °C, depending on the bulk density, and that of glass fiber
STV is 400 °C.
Of the technical types of biocidal paper, first of all, cable paper should be mentioned, which
serves to insulate an electric cable that is laid in moist soil. However, the task of making such paper
is not straightforward.
All types of paper that are used in such applications must meet the proper requirements.
It should be noted that the term "biocidal" material (paper) is a general definition. It
combines various types that have the ability to kill bacteria (bactericidal), molds (fungicidal), insects
(insecticidal) having mentioned special properties.
One of the main purposes of this type of paper is the packaging of various types of food
products intended for long-term storage (butter, margarine, cheese, meat, etc.). Fungicidal properties
are required for paper used for packaging and long-term storage of fruits and vegetables, as well as
for cardboard used for the same purposes.
In this regard, clay minerals [1] such as palygorskites and montmorillonites from Ukrainian
mines have proven themselves well.
Experimental part
To obtain a coarser material of specified compositions, the method of recharging one of the
contacting phases was used, for example, treating basalt fibers with a solution of a cationic reagent
(aluminum sulfate), which changes the sign and magnitude of the surface charge. Data is shown in
Table 1.
Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of compositions consisted of basalt and cellulose fibers
Cellulose content, % Original basalt fiber Recharged basalt fiber
Break, r.g.u. Breaking length,m Break, r.g.u. Breaking
length,m
30 252 654 314 766
70 486 836 618 892
The materials were tested for biostability regarding to certain types of fungi and
microorganisms. It is known that performance indicators relate primarily to cellulosic components,
because basalt and other components do not stimulate, but inhibit the destruction of materials and
the growth of fungi and microorganisms. The study of samples for biostability was carried out both
on pure cultures and on mixtures of fungi.
184
Obtaining a thin, strong, flexible material from basalt fiber is problematic, because it has no
paper-forming properties. Therefore, various kinds of binders are used, which give the finished
material strength, while not impairing their properties.
There are many ways to impart biocidal properties to materials by adding the required
reagents to the composite. Organic acids are often used, such as salicylic, sorbic, and even arsenic,
etc. But most of them have a significant drawback - they are toxic.
From all points of view, the best option for products of different nature is a composition
consisting of fibers of inorganic nature - it's non-toxic, durable, obtained from practically unlimited
natural resources, with excellent technical characteristics and high thermal stability.
Staple basalt fiber with a diameter of 7 - 12 microns is produced by the blowing method,
which differs from the method of manufacturing continuous fiber in that the fiber is drawn not
mechanically using a rotating drum, but by a compressed air stream. In this case, the fiber is
stretched due to the action of frictional forces between the air flow and the fiber moving at different
speeds. It is believed that with this method, along with the stretching of the mass, its
dismemberment occurs.
Ultra-thin and super-thin basalt fiber with a diameter of 0.5 - 2.5 microns is produced by a
method based on a duplex process. In the first stage of the process, continuous primary fibers with a
diameter of 150 - 200 microns are drawn from the spinnerets of the melting vessel at a speed of 6
m/min. In the second stage, the primary fibers are fed by a pulling device to the combustion
chamber nozzle, where they soften under the action of a high-temperature flow of combustible
gases, split into small pieces and blown into the finest fibers.
The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt fiber and
investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical paper.
Table 2. Biocidal content of materials containing recharged basalt fiber, cellulose fiber: 15%
montmorillonite treated with a peptizer 0.15% (sodium hydroxide solution)
Types of molds Cellulose fiber content
40% of cellulose fibers 50% of cellulose fibers
Chactomium
affine
4 3 4 4 4 5
Paccilomyces
varyoty
5 4 4 5 4 5
Trihoderma
lignorum
4 5 4 5 5 5
A mixture of
fungi
6 5 6 5 5 6
The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt fiber and
investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical paper. Also,
we took into account the experience of colleagues described in [3]: after heating to 600 degrees for 3
hours of cooling, the tensile strength of basalt fiber with a diameter of 10-11 microns is 70 kgf/ m2,
i.e. retains about 80% of the original strength. Note that the strength of the best industrial mineral
fibers with a diameter of 8-10 microns is retained only by 50-60%, while for glass fibers with a
diameter of 10-11 microns (of the GRP type) it is completely destroyed at the indicated temperature.
185
The decrease in the mechanical strength of basalt and glass fibers as a result of heat
treatment is a consequence of the formation of a crystalline phase, which can be observed during X-
ray phase analysis.
It is known that the temperature of the onset of inelastic deformation of basalt fibers is 500 -
700 °C (depending on the bulk density), and for glass STA - 400 °C. At higher temperatures (600 -
700 °C for glass and 1080 °C for basalt) the fiber is sintered.
A few words about what biostability is. The easiest way to determine biostability is visual.
This method is the most common and has several modifications. In the simplest case, the specimens
used are moistened, infected with fungi and placed in a warm place. The degree of fungal fouling of
the samples is determined "by eye" and is assessed using an arbitrary system [1].
The test pieces of materials can be examined by placing the test material on a solid surface of the
medium [2]. This modification of the method has no drawbacks, since the growth of fungi is
sometimes observed on the nutrient medium (in the case of using agar with mineral and organic
salts). If you use "hungry" agar, moistened with a mineral medium and devoid of easily digestible
carbohydrates (poor nutrient medium for fungi), the results will be better, because fungi in this case
develop at the expense of the material and the picture of biostability is clearer.
A mineral medium (mineral gel) is obtained by mixing equal volumes of liquid glass and
hydrochloric acid [1].
In visual observations, the character of growth on the test material and the degree of fouling of the
latter are assessed according to an arbitrarily adopted system. Growth is measured in points.
The method is not without its drawbacks, however, when working with a large set of test
materials, a fairly objective picture of their comparative biostability can be presented. It should be
noted that this method is widely used to study the biostability of materials made from fibers of
various natures of different grades [1].
A more objective method for determining biostability is the strength and service
characteristics of the test material. In this case, the test material is contaminated with fungi and at
the end of the incubation period its physical, mechanical and filtering characteristics are checked.
The degree of destruction of the material is established by comparing of leached the initial indicators
with those obtained. Such a method is widely used [1].
The experimental technique consisted of two parts: visual observation and quantitative
accounting of properties.
Three series of experiments were performed: in liquid Van Iterson's medium, on the surface
agar (Czapek's medium), and in a humid chamber. 1/4 strips of prototypes of materials 8x8 sm were
immersed in Van Iterson's mineral medium or contacted with the medium and became infected with
fungi. The crops were examined weekly for 180 days. Fungus fouling of materials was noted on a
10-point scale, where 10 is the highest degree of fouling. A quantitative account of the destruction
of materials was carried out as follows: strips of materials before infection with fungi and after a
certain time (from a month to six) were dried to constant weight, washed from plaque and mucus in
1% sodium solution, and then in water, and after all we tested them for properties. It should be
noted that studies of biostability in the Van Iterson mineral environment are very convenient,
because experiments are carried out in test tubes, the nature of growth in the system is clearly
visible.
Conclusions
These data make it possible to propose a material and a composition that effectively
influences (near stops) the growth of fungi and microorganisms, delays the appearance of mold,
reduces the resistance of agglomerate spores, and increases resistance. The greatest effect is
186
manifested in the samples that contain basalt fiber with 15% montmorillonite treated with sodium
hydroxide. In addition, it has been proven that materials containing a higher amount of cellulose
fiber are the first to be attacked by fungi. The biostability of materials increases with an increase in
the percentage of basalt fiber in their composition. The pre-recharging of the basalt fiber results in a
stronger and more durable material with improved characteristics.
The biostability of materials increases with increasing percentage of basalt fiber in their
composition. Pre-charging the basalt fiber results in a stronger and more durable material with
improved performance.
The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt fiber and
investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical paper. From
the point of view of paper properties, it is advisable to use fibers with a smaller diameter, because
with a decrease in diameter, the thickness decreases and the elasticity increases.
References
1. Flyate D. M., Properties of Paper Edition 3.(Moscow, Forestry, 1986)
2. Kruglitskyi N.N. Physics-chemical bases of regulating properties of the disperse of clay
minerals.Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 1994.
3. Biocide basalt compositions //Shevchenko V.M., Guts N.A.//Surface. 2018. 10(25). p.170-
178
БІОЦИДНІ МАТЕРІАЛИ НА ОСНОВІ БАЗАЛЬТОВОГО
ВОЛОКНА
В.М. Шевченко1, Н.А.Гуц1, А.Є. Шпак1, О. Р. Суровцева2
1 Національний технічний університет України «КПІ імені Ігоря Сікорського»,
03056, м. Київ, пр-т Перемоги, 37, (+38044) 204-97-94, , e-mail: gutsanelya@ukr.net
2 Інститут фізики напівпровідників Національної Академії Наук України,
03028, м.Київ, пр-т Науки, 41, (093)252-27-45, e-mail: info@isp.kiev.ua
Давно відомо, що матеріали, що містять у своєму складі волокна целюлози,
руйнуються пліснявою, мікроорганізмами, актиноміцетами, які використовують целюлозу
як джерело вуглецю. Спостереження, проведені авторами, показали, що найбільша
біостійкість (стійкість до грибків) характерна для паперу, що містить крейду та каолін,
найменша – клеєний папір з високим ступенем проклейки. Очевидно, що зміни фізико-хімічних
властивостей паперу в результаті старіння створюють більш сприятливі умови для росту
грибів. Отримання матеріалів, не уражених бактеріями, комахами та пліснявою
(фунгіцидними, інсектицидними), можна вирішити за допомогою неорганічних волокон. Слід
зазначити, що поняття «біоцидний» папір (матеріал) є збірним. Він об’єднує види, що
відрізняються за здатністю знищувати бактерії (бактерицидні), цвілі (фунгіцидні), комах
(інсектицидні). Автори запропонували матеріал і композицію, яка ефективно впливає
(майже зупиняє) на ріст грибів і мікроорганізмів, затримує появу плісняви, знижує стійкість
агломератних спор, підвищує стійкість. Найбільший ефект проявляється у зразків, які
містять базальтове волокно з 15% монтморилонітом, обробленим гідроксидом натрію.
Крім того, було доведено, що матеріали, що містять більшу кількість целюлозного волокна,
mailto:gutsanelya@ukr.net
187
першими піддаються нападу грибків. Біостійкість матеріалів зростає зі збільшенням
відсотка базальтового волокна в їх складі. Попередня зарядка базальтового волокна
призводить до отримання міцнішого і довговічного матеріалу з покращеною
продуктивністю.
Автори статті вивчили теплофізичні властивості базальтового волокна та
дослідили можливість його використання для виготовлення теплоізоляційного технічного
паперу. З точки зору властивостей паперу, доцільно використовувати волокна меншого
діаметра, оскільки зі зменшенням діаметра зменшується товщина і підвищується
еластичність.
Ключові слова: біоцидні матеріали, целюлоза, базальтові волокна, глинисті мінерали
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| last_indexed | 2025-09-24T17:45:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| spelling | oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article-7332022-02-21T13:55:09Z Basalt fiber based biocide materials Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна Шевченко, В. М. Гуц, Н. А. Шпак, А. Є. Суровцева, О. Р. biostable material cellulose basalt fibers clay minerals біоцидні матеріали целюлоза базальтові волокна глинисті мінерали It has long been known that materials containing cellulose fibers in their composition are destroyed by molds, microorganisms, actinomycetes, which use cellulose as a carbon source. Different fibrous materials to varying degrees (but always) are affected by molds. It is known that linseed and cotton types of paper are affected by the smallest number of fungi, and sulphate ones by the largest. The most biostable is cotton paper, the composition of which contains chalk in a sufficiently large amount. The observations carried out by the authors showed that the highest biostability (fungal resistance) is characteristic of papers containing chalk and kaolin, the lowest is glued types of paper with a high degree of sizing.  Aging of paper with increasing temperature increases the overall susceptibility of all types of paper tested without exception. Obviously, changes in the physical and chemical properties of paper as a result of aging create more favorable conditions for the growth of fungi.  It is well known that paper can serve as a medium for the spread of infectious diseases. The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt fiber and investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical paper.Obtaining materials that are not affected by bacteria, insects and molds (fungicidal,insecticidal) can be solved by using inorganic fibers, which are obtained from almost unlimited natural resources and which have excellent biochemical properties. It should be noted that the concept of "biocidal" paper (material) is collective. It combines species that differ in their ability to kill bacteria (bactericidal), molds (fungicidal), insects (insecticidal). Each of the biocidal types of materials has two or more of these properties. Давно відомо, що матеріали, що містять у своєму складі волокна целюлози, руйнуються пліснявою, мікроорганізмами, актиноміцетами, які використовують целюлозу як джерело вуглецю. Спостереження, проведені авторами, показали, що найбільша біостійкість (стійкість до грибків) характерна для паперу, що містить крейду та каолін, найменша – клеєний папір з високим ступенем проклейки. Очевидно, що зміни фізико-хімічних властивостей паперу в результаті старіння створюють більш сприятливі умови для росту грибів. Отримання матеріалів, не уражених бактеріями, комахами та пліснявою (фунгіцидними, інсектицидними), можна вирішити за допомогою неорганічних волокон. Слід зазначити, що поняття «біоцидний» папір (матеріал) є збірним. Він об’єднує види, що відрізняються за здатністю знищувати бактерії (бактерицидні), цвілі (фунгіцидні), комах (інсектицидні). Автори запропонували матеріал і композицію, яка ефективно впливає (майже зупиняє) на ріст грибів і мікроорганізмів, затримує появу плісняви, знижує стійкість агломератних спор, підвищує стійкість. Найбільший ефект проявляється у зразків, які містять базальтове волокно з 15% монтморилонітом, обробленим гідроксидом натрію. Крім того, було доведено, що матеріали, що містять більшу кількість целюлозного волокна, першими піддаються нападу грибків. Біостійкість матеріалів зростає зі збільшенням відсотка базальтового волокна в їх складі. Попередня зарядка базальтового волокна призводить до отримання міцнішого і довговічного матеріалу з покращеною продуктивністю.                Автори статті вивчили теплофізичні властивості базальтового волокна та дослідили можливість його використання для виготовлення теплоізоляційного технічного паперу. З точки зору властивостей паперу, доцільно використовувати волокна меншого діаметра, оскільки зі зменшенням діаметра зменшується товщина і підвищується еластичність. Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2021-11-28 Article Article application/pdf https://surfacezbir.com.ua/index.php/surface/article/view/733 10.15407/Surface.2021.13.182 Surface; No. 13(28) (2021): Surface; 182-187 Поверхность; № 13(28) (2021): Поверхня; 182-187 Поверхня; № 13(28) (2021): Поверхня; 182-187 3154-8091 3154-8083 10.15407/Surface.2021.13 en https://surfacezbir.com.ua/index.php/surface/article/view/733/730 Авторське право (c) 2021 В.М. Шевченко, Н.А.Гуц, А.Є. Шпак, О. Р. Суровцева |
| spellingShingle | біоцидні матеріали целюлоза базальтові волокна глинисті мінерали Шевченко, В. М. Гуц, Н. А. Шпак, А. Є. Суровцева, О. Р. Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна |
| title | Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна |
| title_alt | Basalt fiber based biocide materials |
| title_full | Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна |
| title_fullStr | Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна |
| title_full_unstemmed | Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна |
| title_short | Біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна |
| title_sort | біоцидні матеріали на основі базальтового волокна |
| topic | біоцидні матеріали целюлоза базальтові волокна глинисті мінерали |
| topic_facet | biostable material cellulose basalt fibers clay minerals біоцидні матеріали целюлоза базальтові волокна глинисті мінерали |
| url | https://surfacezbir.com.ua/index.php/surface/article/view/733 |
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