СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ
Solid  solutions  of barium  titanate-stannate,  Ba(Ti,Sn)O3  have been investigated.  The  sequence  of phase  transformations  during  the synthesis &a...
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V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
2019
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Ukrainian Chemistry Journal| _version_ | 1871465369423577088 |
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| author | V’yunov, Oleg Kovalenko, Leonid Belous, Anatolii |
| author_facet | V’yunov, Oleg Kovalenko, Leonid Belous, Anatolii |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Oleg V’yunov",
"institution": "V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Palladina ave., 32\/34, Kyiv, 03142"
},
{
"author": "Leonid Kovalenko",
"institution": "V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Palladina ave., 32\/34, Kyiv, 03142"
},
{
"author": "Anatolii Belous",
"institution": "V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Palladina ave., 32\/34, Kyiv, 03142"
}
] |
| author_sort | V’yunov, Oleg |
| baseUrl_str | https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T08:23:41Z |
| description | Solid  solutions  of barium  titanate-stannate,  Ba(Ti,Sn)O3  have been investigated.  The  sequence  of phase  transformations  during  the synthesis  by solid  state  reactions  technique  has  been  determined,  crystallographic  and  microscopic  examinations  of polycrystalline  ceramics  based  on Ba(Ti,Sn)O3  solid solutions  have been  carried  out.  The  laws  governing  the change  in crystallographic  parameters  and the average  grain  size  as a function  of tin  content  have  been  shown.  Electrophysical  investigations  of the  obtained ceramics  have been carried out.  It has  been  found that  the dielectric  pa-rameters  (e and tgd)  of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3-based  ceramics  can  be improved  and  their  sintering  temperature  can  be reduced  by the addition  of  0.5 wt.% manganese  oxide(IV)  and 2 wt. % of  low-melting  glass-forming  admixture  AST (Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2).  It  has been  shown  that  the  obtained  materials  have  promise  in creating  ceramic  capacitors  based  on  them. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.33609/0041-6045.85.11.2019.75-83 |
| first_indexed | 2025-09-24T17:43:22Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
НЕОРГАНІЧНА ХІМІЯ
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12 75
UDC 621.762.8:621.319.4:621.794.61 doi 10.33609/0041-6045.85.11.2019.75-83
O.I. V’yunov*, L.L. Kovalenko, A.G. Bilous
SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF BARIUM TITANATE STANNATE
SOLID SOLUTION
V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, 32/34 Academic Palladin Avenue, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
* e-mail: vyunov@ionc.kiev.ua
Solid solutions of barium titanate-stannate, Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 have been investigated. The
sequence of phase transformations during the synthesis by solid state reactions
technique has been determined, crystallographic and microscopic examinations of
polycrystalline ceramics based on Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solutions have been carried out.
The laws governing the change in crystallographic parameters and the average grain
size as a function of tin content have been shown. Electrophysical investigations of
the obtained ceramics have been carried out. It has been found that the dielectric pa-
rameters (ε and tgδ) of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3-based ceramics can be improved and their sin-
tering temperature can be reduced by the addition of 0.5 wt.% manganese oxide(IV)
and 2 wt. % of low-melting glass-forming admixture AST (Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2). It has
been shown that the obtained materials have promise in creating ceramic capaci-
tors based on them.
K e y w o r d s: solid solutions, barium titanate-stannate, admixtures, crystallography,
electron microscopy, dielectric measurements.
INTRODUCTION. The capacitor materi-
als used in modern electronics must have a
high permittivity (ε ≥ 10000) and low dielec-
tric loss (tg δ). One of the possible directions
of creation of capacitor materials with high
permittivity values is the use of solid solu-
tions based on barium titanate BaTiO3 [1].
Large room temperature permittivity is due
to the existence of ferroelectric properties of
barium titanate. In barium titanate, the tran-
sition from ferroelectric to paraelectric state
(Curie temperature, Tc) occurs at 120 °C. In
substitution solid solutions Ba(Ti,Sn)O3,
however, Tc shifts to the lower-temperatures
region. In this case, the value of room
temperature permittivity of the solid solution
increases to 5000–8000 [2, 3]. During the
sintering of ceramic samples based on
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solutions in air at high
temperatures (∼1400 °С), a partial reduction
of titanium (Ti4+ → Ti3+) and an increase in
average grain size are observed. This leads
© O.I. V’yunov, L.L. Kovalenko, A.G. Bilous, 2019
mailto:vyunov@ionc.kiev.ua
O.I. V’yunov, L.L. Kovalenko, A.G. Bilous
76 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12
to an increase in dielectric loss and relaxa-
tion contribution to permittivity. the partial
Ti3+ reduction, in particular at grain bounda-
ries, can be prevented by adding transition
3d-metal oxides (Fe2O3 and MnO2) to the
ceramic [4], which segregate on the surface
of grains and form a core/shell structure [5],
which leads to a reduction in dielectric loss
[6]. The fine-grained structure is formed
due to sintering temperature reduction when
adding low-melting glass-forming com-
pounds [7]. The AST admixture (Al2O3–
SiO2–TiO2 in a 1:1:0.5 ratio) proved to be
efficient for control of the sintering tempera-
ture of BaTiO3 based semiconducting ceram-
ics [8]. It may be expected that by adding
admixtures that affect the processes of par-
tial reduction of titanium and formation of
ceramic microstructure one can improve the
dielectric parameters (reduce the dielectric
loss) of ceramics based on Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid
solution and create capacitor materials with
properties required for practical use.
The aim of this work was to investigate
the formation conditions of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 sol-
id solutions in their synthesis by the solid-
state reactions technique and the effect on
the electrophysical properties of MnO2 and
AST (Al2O3 –SiO2–TiO2) admixtures.
EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSSION OF
THE RESULTS. The synthesis of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
solid solutions was carried out by solid-state
reactions technique. The starting reagents for
the synthesis of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 were highly
pure barium carbonate, tin and titanium ox-
ides. To reduce the sintering temperature
and to form a fine-grained core/shell struc-
ture of ceramic samples, 2 wt. % low-
melting AST admixture and 0.5 wt. %. man-
ganese oxide MnO2 were added. The mixing
and milling of the starting reagents were car-
ried out in a Fritsch Pulverisette planetary
mill. Samples were pressed from the ob-
tained powders. Sintering was performed at
1100–1400 ºC for 2 h in a KSL1700X high-
temperature furnace, which allowed us to ob-
tain dense (5.75–5.8 g/cm3) ceramics. The
X-ray phase analysis was carried out on a
DRON-4-07 diffractometer (CuKα- radiation,
Ni-filter). Certified SiO2 (2Θ standard) and
Al2O3 (intensity standard) were used as ex-
ternal standards. To interpret the data, the
PDF-2 (ICDD) database was used. The mi-
crostructure was investigated on a SEC
miniSEM SNE 4500MB scanning electron
microscope (SEM). The elemental composi-
tion of films was studied with the aid of
EDAX Element PV 6500/00 F spectrometer,
which is part of this microscope.
The dielectric parameters were studied
by means of Tesla VM 560 Q-meter (at a
frequency of 106 Hz) and impedance spec-
troscopy in a frequency range 1–107 Hz us-
ing 1260 Frequency Response Analyzer and
1296 Dielectric Interface (Solartron). The
data were analyzed using the Zview software
(Solartron). The obtained frequency depend-
ences of the complex impedance, Z"= f (Z')
were used to calculate permittivity and dielec-
tric loss: tg δ = Z'/Z"; Y" = Z"/(Z'2 + Z"2); ε'
= Y"/2πfε0, where ω = 2πf; where f is the
frequency, Hz, ε0 is the dielectric constant
(8.854·10–12 F/m).
The sequence of phase transformations
during the synthesis of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid
solution was studied by differential thermal
and X-ray phase analyzes (fig. 1, a, table 1).
The DTA curves exhibits only one endo ef-
fect at 820 °C, which is associated with the
polymorphic transformation of barium car-
Synthesis and investigation of barium titanate stannate solid solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12 77
Fig. 1. Thermograms of a BaCO3–TiO2–SnO2
mixture (a) and X-ray pattern of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
ceramic (b) depending on tin content (mol. %) 0
(1), 0.25 (2). Тsint .= 1400 ºС.
T a b l e 1
Phase composition of the BaCO3–TiO2–SnO2
mixture during the synthesis of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
T, оC Phase composition
20–600 γ-BaCO3, SnO2, TiO2
700 γ-BaCO3, SnO2, TiO2
800 γ-BaCO3, SnO2, TiO2, BaTiO3
900 β-BaCO3, SnO2, Ba2TiO4, TiO2,
BaTi4O9 BaTiO3
1000 β-BaCO3, SnO2, BaTiO3, Ba2TiO4,
TiO2, BaTi4O9
1100 Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
1200 Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
1300 Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
bonate: the change of γ-BaCO3 to β-BaCO3. It
is known that individual barium carbonate
decomposes at a temperature above 1360 °C
[9–11]. However, the decomposition of bari-
um carbonate in a mixture is accompanied
by temperature decrease [12, 13] and is a
long-duration process [14], which occurs in
a wide temperature range and terminates at
about 1100 °C. According to the results of
X-ray phase studies, a gradual decrease in
the percentage of the barium carbonate and
titanium dioxide phases and a gradual in-
crease in the percentage of the barium titan-
ate phase are observed in the temperature
range of 600–900 °C. In the temperature
range 900–1000 °C, intermediate phases of
barium orthotitanate (Ba2TiO4) and barium
tetratitanate (BaTi4O9) phases have been
found. The formation of intermediate phases
is explained by the long-duration process of
barium carbonate decomposition in the mix-
ture for the synthesis by solid-state reactions
technique.
At a temperature of 1000 °C, traces of
titanium oxide, barium orthotitanate and
tetratitanate of have been found, and the in-
tensity of barium titanate reflections increas-
es. At 200–1000 °C, a tin oxide phase is ob-
served. Only at temperatures of 1100 °C and
higher, a shift in the position of barium ti-
tanate reflections is fixed, indicating the
formation of a Ba(Ti, Sn)O3 solid solution.
In the temperature range 1100–1400 °C, a
single-phase barium titanate-stannate solid
solution is formed.
When the tin content is increased to 15
mol. %, a transition of the tetragonal phase
to a cubic one is observed (X-ray patterns
show a decrease in the splitting of lines with
Miller indices 224 and 422) in the
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 system at room temperature
(fig. 1, b)). The transition of the tetragonal
phase to cubic at room temperature occurs at
a tin content of 12 mol. %. Increasing the tin
O.I. V’yunov, L.L. Kovalenko, A.G. Bilous
78 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12
content of the Ba(Ti, Sn)O3 solid solution
leads to an increase in the unit cell volume
(fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Dependence of the unit cell parameters
(a) and volume (b) of the Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 cera-
mic on tin content. Тsint = 1400 ºС.
Photographs of the microstructure of
Ba(Ti, Sn)O3 solid solutions as a function of
tin content are shown in fig. 3. When the
degree of isovalent substitution of titanium
by tin increases, the ceramic grain size in-
creases from 50 μm (0 mol %) to 130 μm
(15 mol %).
Fig. 3. Microstructure of the Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 cera-
mics with different tin (mol.%): 9 (a); 11 (b); 13
(c); 15 (d); ×1000. Тsint = 1400 ºС.
The increase in the average size of cera-
mic grains on the substitution of titanium by
tin in barium titanate can be accounted for
by several factors. The first factor is the
formation of a eutectic liquid phase between
grains during ceramic sintering, which was
proved by the identity of the positions of
thermal effects on the derivatograms of the
systems BaTiO3–BaCO3–SnO2 and BaTiO3–
BaCO3–TiO2 in the temperature range of
the formation of the BaTiO3–Ba6Ti17O40
eutectic phase [15, 16]. Besides, when an ion
of smaller size (Ti4+
CN = 6 = 60.5 pm) is sub-
stituted by an ion of larger size (Sn4+
CN = 6 =
69 pm), mechanical stresses and strains ap-
pear in crystals, which contribute to the ac-
celeration of diffusion processes and give
rise to grain growth [17, 18].
The results of studying the dielectric
characteristics (ε and tg δ) of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
solid solutions in a temperature range of 20–
70 ºС as a function tin content are shown in
fig. 4. When the tin content is increased, the
position of the maximum εmax is shifted to-
wards room temperature (from 40 to 20 ºС)
with simultaneous increase in εmax value
from 4500 to 6500 (fig. 4, a,b)). Further in-
creasing the tin content results in a shift of
the position of the maximum εmax to below
room temperature (fig. 4, c,d)). In the room
temperature range, the permittivity value de-
creases in accordance with Curie-Weiss law,
i.e. proportionally with 1/T. This tempera-
ture dependence of ε is typical of
paraelectrics near the phase transition
region.
The plots of dielectric loss vs tempera-
ture for Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solutions also
axhibit maxima in the phase transition
Synthesis and investigation of barium titanate stannate solid solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12 79
Fig. 4. Plots of ε and tgδ vs temperature
for the Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 ceramic at a frequency of 1
MHz depending on tin content (mol.%): 9 (a);
11 (b); 13 (c); 15 (d). Тsint = 1400 ºС.
region, and the higher the εmax value, the
higher tg δ. For instance, at 1 MHz at a tin
content of 9 mol. %, εmax and tgδ are 4500
and 0.1, respectively, and at a tin content of
11 mol.%, 6500 and 0.2 (fig. 4, a,b)). The
increase in dielectric loss tgδ depending on
the tin content of the Ba(Ti, Sn)O3 solid so-
lution is associated with an increase in
average grain size.
To reduce the grain size by decreasing
the sintering temperature and thus to im-
prove the dielectric characteristics, 0.5 wt. %
MnO2 and 2 wt. % of low-melting glass-
forming admixture AST were added to the
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solution. In this case, ce-
ramic with a maxi-mum density (5.75–5.8
g/cm3) is formed at a sintering temperature
of 1100 °C, where as without admixtures,
ceramics with this densi-ty are formed only
at high temperatures (1400–1450 °C).
Fig. 5. Plots of ε and tgδ at 1 MHz vs tempera-
ture (a) and frequency (b) for the
Ba(Ti0.89Sn0.11)O3 ceramic with manganese ox-
ide and AST admitures (b). Тsint = 1100 ºС.
Fig. 5 shows plots of ε and tg δ vs tem-
perature (at 1 MHz) and frequency for the
Ba(Ti, Sn)O3 ceramic with admixtures of 0.5
wt. % MnO2 and 2 wt. % AST. As is seen
from fig. 5, a), when manganese oxide and
AST ad-mixtures are added to the
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solution, the ceramic is
characterized by high permittivity values at
room temperature (ε20 ºС ∼13000), and at the
phase transition temperature, εmax reaches
∼16000. The value of dielectric loss tgδ in
the temperature range of question 20–70 ºС
does not almost change and is between 0.06
and 0.055 (at 1 MHz). Investigations of the
dielectric parameters (ε and tgδ) of the
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 ceramic showed the absence of
significant dispersion of them in a wide fre
O.I. V’yunov, L.L. Kovalenko, A.G. Bilous
80 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12
quency range of 1–105 Hz (fig. 5, b).
Fig. 6. Microstructure of the Ba(Ti0.89Sn0.11)O3
ceramic: without admixtures (a), with admixtu-
res of AST (b), MnO2 (c), AST and MnO2
(d). Тsint = 1100 ºС.
Fig. 6 shows the microstructure of the
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 ceramic without admixtures,
with individual admixtures of AST, MnO2
and with the addition of a mixture of AST
and MnO2 admixtures at a sintering tempera-
ture of 1100 ºC. As is seen from the shown
micrographs, the grain size of the
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solution does not change
either on the addition of individual admix-
tures or on the addition of a mixture of ad-
mixtures. The improvement of dielectric
characteristics (high ε values, low loss tgδ
and low frequency dispersion of ε and tgδ)
of the ceramic based on the Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 sol-
id solution with AST and manganese (IV)
oxide admixtures is due to the formation
of a fine-grained structure of the core-
shell type at as low sintering temperature of
the material as 1100 ºС.
The obtained experimental data indicate
the possibility of creating capacitor materials
with high dielectric parameters (ε ∼ 13000–
16000, tgδ ∼ 0.05–0.06 at 1 MHz) based on
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solutions. These materials
have a low cost of starting reagents
(BaCO3, TiO2), can be prepare by a simple
technology (solid-state reactions technique,
low sintering temperatures, short holding
time, sintering in an air atmosphere) and can
be used in the creating novel radio frequency
materials for the effective solution of the
problems of microminiaturization of modern
electronic equipment.
CONCLUSIONS. Barium titanate-
stannate solid solutions Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 with
isovalent substitutions have been investigat-
ed. The sequence of phase transformations in
the process of the synthesis of the
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solution with the for-
mation of intermediate barium orthotitanate
(Ba2TiO4) and tetratitanate (BaTi4O9) has
been established. Crystallographic and mi-
croscopic investigations of cera-mics based
on Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 solid solutions have been
carried out. Laws governing the variation of
crystallographic parameters (a, c, unit cell
volume V) and mean grain size as a function
of the tin content of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 have been
shown. It has been found that by adding
manganese oxide and low-melting admixture
AST, the dielectric parameters (ε and tgδ)
can be improved, and the sintering tempera-
ture of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3-based ceramics can be
reduced. The ceramics obtained at 1100 °C
are characterized by large permittivity values
at 1 MHz (ε ∼13000–16000) and low dielec-
tric loss (tgȭ ∼ 0.05–0.06) in room tempera-
ture range. It has been shown that the ob-
tained materials have promise in creating
ceramic capacitors based on them.
СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ
РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ
Synthesis and investigation of barium titanate stannate solid solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12 81
О.І. В’ЮНОВ *, Л.Л. КОВАЛЕНКО , А.Г. БІЛОУС
Інститут загальної та неорганічної хімії
ім. В.І. Вернадського НАН України,
просп. Академіка Палладіна, 32/34, Київ,
03142, Україна
* e-mail: vyunov@ionc.kiev.ua
Визначено умови утворення твердих роз-
чинів Ba(Ti,Sn)O3, синтезованих методом
твердофазних реакцій та досліджено вплив
домішок MnO2 та AST (Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2) на
електричні властивості кераміки на їх основі.
Домішки додавали для зниження температу-
ри спікання та утворення дрібнозернистої
кераміки і структури зерен типу яд-
ро/оболонка. Встановлено фазові перетво-
рення при синтезі твердих розчинів на основі
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3. За допомогою досліджень рент-
генівських порошкових дифрактограм пока-
зано, що при температурі 600–900 °С змен-
шення вмісту карбонату барію та оксиду ти-
тану супроводжується збільшенням вмісту
титанату барію. При 900–1000 °C виявлено
проміжні фази ортотитанату барію
(Ba2TiO4) і тетратитанату барію (BaTi4O9). За
температури 1100 °С і вище зміщення рефле-
ксів на рентгенограмі титанату барію вка-
зує на утворення твердого розчину
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3.
Збільшення вмісту Sn приводить до зрос-
тання середнього розміру зерен кераміки від
50 мкм при 0 % мол. Sn до 130 мкм при 15 %
мол. Sn, що пояснюється утворенням евтек-
тичної рідкої фази між зернами та механіч-
ними напругами і деформаціями, які приско-
рюють дифузійні процеси.
Досліджено параметри кристалічно ї
структури (a, c, об'єм елементарної комірки
V) та мікроскопічні особливості (середній
розмір зерна) кераміки на основі Ba(Ti,Sn)O3
у залежності від вмісту олова. При 12 % мол.
Sn перехід від тетрагональної до кубічної фа-
зи відбувається за кімнатної температури.
Введення оксиду марганцю та низькоп-
лавкої домішки AST у кераміку на основі
Ba(Ti, Sn)O3 покращує його діелектричні па-
раметри (ɛ і tg δ) та знижує температуру спі-
кання до 1100 °C. Кераміка з 0.5 % мас.
MnO2 і 2 мас. % AST на 1 МГц при кімнатній
температурі характеризуються великою діе-
лектричною проникністю і низькими діелек-
тричними втратами (ɛ ~ 13000–16000, tg δ ~
0.05–0.06). Ці експериментальні дані показа-
ли, що на основі твердих розчинів
Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 з досліджуваними домішками
можуть бути розроблені конденсаторні мате-
ріали з високими діелектричними параметра-
ми. Такі матеріали мають низьку вартість хі-
мічних реагентів (BaCO3, TiO2), просту тех-
нологію (метод твердофазних реакцій, спі-
каються при низькій температурі протягом
короткого часу на повітрі) і є перспективни-
ми для розробки нових радіочастотних мате-
ріалів для керамічних конденсаторів.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: тверді розчини, тита-
нат–станат барію, домішки, кристалогра-
фія, електронна мікроскопія, діелектричні
параметри.
СИНТЕЗ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТВЕРДЫХ
РАСТВОРОВ ТИТАНАТА-СТАННАТА
БАРИЯ
О.И Вьюнов *, Л.Л. Коваленко , А.Г. Белоус
Институт общей и неорганической химии
им. В.И. Вернадского НАН Украины, просп.
Академика Палладина, 32/34, Киев, 03142,
Украина
* e-mail: vyunov@ionc.kiev.ua
Исследованы твердые растворы титаната-
станната бария Ba(Ti,Sn)O3. Установлена по-
следовательность фазовых превращений при
mailto:vyunov@ionc.kiev.ua
O.I. V’yunov, L.L. Kovalenko, A.G. Bilous
82 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, № 12
синтезе методом твердофазных реакций,
проведены кристаллографические и микро-
скопические исследования поликристалличе-
ской керамики на основе твердых растворов
Ba(Ti, Sn)O3. Показаны закономерности из-
менения кристаллографических параметров
и среднего размера зерен в зависимости от
содержания олова. Проведены электрофизи-
ческие исследования полученной керамики.
Установлено, что при дополнительном вве-
дении 0.5 % мас. оксида марганца(IV) и 2 %
мас. легкоплавкой стеклообразующей при-
меси АST (Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2) можно улуч-
шить диэлектрические параметры (ɛ і tg δ) и
снизить температуру спекания керамики на
основе Ba(Ti,Sn)O3. Показано, что получен-
ные материалы являются перспективными
для создания на их основе керамических
конденсаторов.
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Received 15.07.2019
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| id | oai:ojs2.1444248.nisspano.web.hosting-test.net:article-105 |
| institution | Ukrainian Chemistry Journal |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:00:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | ucjorgua/f5/de61ca1638e550c7e1614adf5975bef5.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.1444248.nisspano.web.hosting-test.net:article-1052026-07-22T08:23:41Z SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF BARIUM TITANATE STANNATE SOLID SOLUTION СИНТЕЗ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТВЕРДЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ТИТАНАТА-СТАННАТА БАРИЯ СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ V’yunov, Oleg Kovalenko, Leonid Belous, Anatolii solid solutions, barium titanate-stannate, admixtures, crystallography, electron microscopy, dielectric measurements. Solid  solutions  of barium  titanate-stannate,  Ba(Ti,Sn)O3  have been investigated.  The  sequence  of phase  transformations  during  the synthesis  by solid  state  reactions  technique  has  been  determined,  crystallographic  and  microscopic  examinations  of polycrystalline  ceramics  based  on Ba(Ti,Sn)O3  solid solutions  have been  carried  out.  The  laws  governing  the change  in crystallographic  parameters  and the average  grain  size  as a function  of tin  content  have  been  shown.  Electrophysical  investigations  of the  obtained ceramics  have been carried out.  It has  been  found that  the dielectric  pa-rameters  (e and tgd)  of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3-based  ceramics  can  be improved  and  their  sintering  temperature  can  be reduced  by the addition  of  0.5 wt.% manganese  oxide(IV)  and 2 wt. % of  low-melting  glass-forming  admixture  AST (Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2).  It  has been  shown  that  the  obtained  materials  have  promise  in creating  ceramic  capacitors  based  on  them. V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry 2019-12-16 Article Article Inorganic Chemistry Неорганическая химия Неорганічна хімія application/pdf https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/105 10.33609/0041-6045.85.11.2019.75-83 Ukrainian Chemistry Journal; Vol. 85 No. 12 (2019): Ukrainian Chemistry Journal; 75-83 Украинский химический журнал; ##issue.vol## 85 ##issue.no## 12 (2019): Украинский химический журнал; 75-83 Український хімічний журнал; Том 85 № 12 (2019): Український хімічний журнал; 75-83 2708-129X 2708-1281 en https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/105/69 Copyright (c) 2019 Oleg V’yunov, Leonid Kovalenko, Anatolii Belous https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | V’yunov, Oleg Kovalenko, Leonid Belous, Anatolii СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ |
| title | СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ |
| title_alt | SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF BARIUM TITANATE STANNATE SOLID SOLUTION СИНТЕЗ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТВЕРДЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ТИТАНАТА-СТАННАТА БАРИЯ |
| title_full | СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ |
| title_fullStr | СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ |
| title_full_unstemmed | СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ |
| title_short | СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ РОЗЧИНІВ ТИТАНАТУ–СТАНАТУ БАРІЮ |
| title_sort | синтез та дослідження твердих розчинів титанату–станату барію |
| topic_facet | solid solutions barium titanate-stannate admixtures crystallography electron microscopy dielectric measurements. |
| url | https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/105 |
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