КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ
The ternary Co–Mo–W(Zr) coatings with total content of refractory metals of 30–40 wt.%, and Co–W–Zr alloys (12–26 wt.%) are deposited from pyrophosphate-citrate electrolytes in pulse regime. The composition of the coatings as well as the surface morphology depends on the current density...
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| Дата: | 2019 |
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| Автори: | , , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
2019
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| Назва журналу: | Ukrainian Chemistry Journal |
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Репозитарії
Ukrainian Chemistry Journal| _version_ | 1871465374302601216 |
|---|---|
| author | Ved’, Maryna Sakhnenko, Nikolay Nenastina, Tatyana Yermolenko, Iryna Proskurina, Valerya Volobuyev, Maksym |
| author_facet | Ved’, Maryna Sakhnenko, Nikolay Nenastina, Tatyana Yermolenko, Iryna Proskurina, Valerya Volobuyev, Maksym |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Maryna Ved’",
"institution": "National Technical University \"Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute\", Kharkov, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Nikolay Sakhnenko",
"institution": "National Technical University \"Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute\", Kharkov, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Tatyana Nenastina",
"institution": "Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University"
},
{
"author": "Iryna Yermolenko",
"institution": "National Technical University \"Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute\", Kharkov, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Valerya Proskurina",
"institution": "National Technical University \"Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute\", Kharkov, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Maksym Volobuyev",
"institution": "National Technical University \"Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute\", Kharkov, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Ved’, Maryna |
| baseUrl_str | https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T08:23:42Z |
| description | The ternary Co–Mo–W(Zr) coatings with total content of refractory metals of 30–40 wt.%, and Co–W–Zr alloys (12–26 wt.%) are deposited from pyrophosphate-citrate electrolytes in pulse regime. The composition of the coatings as well as the surface morphology depends on the current density. The X-ray diffraction patterns reflect the amorphous-and-crystalline ternary alloys structure. Phases of α-Co, Co–Mo intermetallic compounds, and traces of metallic molybdenum were detected in the Co–Mo–Zr coatings. Phase composition of Co–Mo–W deposits differs by emergence of Co7W6 phase and traces of metallic tungsten, and there is no metallic W in Co–W–Zr electrolytic alloys. The corrosion behavior of ternary coatings in alkaline medium studied by EIS shows that Co–Mo–Zr alloys are characterized by highest corrosion resistance among deposited coatings due to presence of metallic molybdenum and stoichiometric ZrO2 with both high electrical resistivity and chemical stability. The coatings  Co–Mo–W and Co–Mo–Zr containing phases of Mo or W are characterized by higher corrosion resistance as compared with that without metallic molybdenum and tungsten. The cyclic voltammetry data confirm stability of ternary coatings in alkaline solution under anodic polarization. Such properties as well as the developed globular surface make materials promising for use as anodes in fuel cells in particular based on alkali electrolytes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.33609/0041-6045.85.11.2019.96-109 |
| first_indexed | 2025-09-24T17:43:22Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Фізична хімія
96 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12
UDC 621.35 doi: 10.33609/0041-6045.85.12.2019.96-109
T.A.Nenastina2, M.V.Ved’1*, N.D.Sakhnenko1, I.Yu.Yermolenko1,
V.A.Proskurina1, M.M.Volobuyev1
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TERNARY COBALT
ALLOYS WITH Mo(W) AND Zr IN ALKALINE SOLUTION
1National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2 Kyrpychova Str., Kharkiv, 61002,
Ukraine 2Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University,25 Yaroslava Mudrogo Str.,
Kharkiv , Ukraine
*е-mail: vmv@kpi.kharkov.ua
The ternary Co–Mo–W(Zr) coatings with total content of refractory metals of 30–40
wt.%, and Co–W–Zr alloys (12–26 wt.%) are deposited from pyrophosphate-citrate
electrolytes in pulse regime. The composition of the coatings as well as the surface
morphology depends on the current density. The X-ray diffraction patterns reflect the
amorphous-and-crystalline ternary alloys structure. Phases of α-Co, Co–Mo intermetallic
compounds, and traces of metallic molybdenum were detected in the Co–Mo–Zr
coatings. Phase composition of Co–Mo–W deposits differs by emergence of Co7W6
phase and traces of metallic tungsten, and there is no metallic W in Co–W–Zr
electrolytic alloys. The corrosion behavior of ternary coatings in alkaline medium
studied by EIS shows that Co–Mo–Zr alloys are characterized by highest corrosion
resistance among deposited coatings due to presence of metallic molybdenum and
stoichiometric ZrO2 with both high electrical resistivity and chemical stability. The
coatings Co–Mo–W and Co–Mo–Zr containing phases of Mo or W are characterized by
higher corrosion resistance as compared with that without metallic molybdenum and
tungsten. The cyclic voltammetry data confirm stability of ternary coatings in alkaline
solution under anodic polarization. Such properties as well as the developed globular
surface make materials promising for use as anodes in fuel cells in particular based on
alkali electrolytes.
K e y w o r d s: electrodeposition, cobalt alloys, corrosion resistance, refractory metal.
INTRODUCTION. The development of
efficient power supply sources (PSS) has
always been and remains to be one of the
most promising areas that ensure energy
stability of any country. A wide range of
PPSs also includes fuel cells (FC) as the
most ecologically safe and promising energy
sources, because the reactions in them are
reduced to the formation of water from the
fuel, in particular, hydrogen and oxygen [1–
© T.A.Nenastina, M.V.Ved, N.D.Sakhnenko, I.Yu.Yermolenko, V.A.Proskurina,
M.M.Volobuyev, 2019
mailto:vmv@kpi.kharkov.ua
Corrosion behavior of the electrolytic ternary cobalt alloys with Mo(W) and Zr in alkaline solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12 97
3]. A sticking point of FC is electrode
materials, which act as catalytic agents. In
the vast majority of cases these are
expensive materials related to the platinum
and silver family [4–6]. In addition to their
high electrocatalytic activity such materials
differ by their stability and chemical
resistance when exposed to the media of
different mineralization and corrosiveness.
Earlier researches [7–11] show that alloys
based on transition metals can be regarded as
decent competitors to precious metals.
The main requirements to the catalysts
can be expressed as three properties: high
catalytic activity, chemical and corrosion
resistance, and nontoxicity [12, 13].
Undoubtedly, the activity of catalysts is
defined by the material nature though it
depends to a great extent on the surface
condition. It is known that molybdenum
compounds possess certain catalytic activity
regarding many processes, for example,
electrochemical methanol oxidation,
reduction of iodates, oxygen, etc. [14].
Cobalt compounds, such as oxides and
complexes, are also applied in
electrocatalysis [15]. Evidently, it is related
to the mobility of oxygen contained by the
compounds of metals, their high
coordination capacity, and ability to form
nonstoichiometric oxides [16].
The use of alkaline electrolytes allows
extending the range of materials that can be
used for the formation of catalytic matrixes.
It is conditioned by the acceleration of the
reduction reaction of oxygen, and simple
alcohols in alkaline electrolytes in
comparison with acid electrolytes [17], and a
lower corrosiveness of the former with
regard to many transition metals.
Hence, the formation of the layer of
electrolytic alloys based on cobalt with
molybdenum (tungsten) and zirconium that
has a branched globular surface can provide
a preset route for the methanol electro-
oxidation process and increase the FC
operation efficiency without using precious
metals. It should be noted that the scientific
and technical literature contains information
on the corrosion resistance of cobalt alloys
mainly in chloride-containing neutral media
[11, 18–21]. So, the subject of this paper is
the investigation of corrosion stability of
cobalt alloys, including the studies of the
corrosion resistance and anodic behavior of
ternary cobalt alloys with refractory metals
in alkaline medium.
EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSSION OF
THE RESULTS. The corrosion resistance
was investigated using electrodes with
electrolytic coatings of ternary Co–Mo–W,
Со–Mo–Zr, and Co–W–Zr alloys of
thickness at least 5 µm. The coatings were
applied onto the steel substrate from the
biligand pyrophosphate-citrate electrolytes
[9, 22]. The samples were subjected to the
preliminary treatment using the methods
given in [23]. The electrodeposition was
conducted using the pulse current at a varied
current density, pulse frequency, and on/off
time ratio [9, 22]. The electrolyte
temperature was maintained at 30–35 °C.
Chemical composition of the coatings
was determined by energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy by an Oxford INCA Energy
350 electron probe microanalysis integrated
into the system of the SEM. The X-rays
were excited by exposure of the samples to a
beam of 15 keV electrons. The surface
morphology of the deposits was studied with
T.A.Nenastina, M.V.Ved’, N.D.Sakhnenko, I.Yu.Yermolenko, V.A.Proskurina, M.M.Volobuyev
98 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12
a Zeiss EVO 40XVP scanning electron
microscope (SEM). Images were made
registering secondary electrons (SEs) via
scanning with an electron beam; this mode
made possible to study the topography with
a high resolution and contrast ratio.
The surface relief and morphology were
evaluated by the contact method on 10×10×2
mm samples with an NT-206 scanning probe
AFM microscope (lateral and vertical re-
solutions 2 and 0.2 nm, respectively;
1024×1024 scanning matrix, CSC cantilever
B as a probe, probe tip radius being 10 nm)
[24–26].
The structure of the coatings deposited
onto the copper substrate was examined by
X-ray diffraction analysis using a
diffractometer (DRON-3.0) in the emission
of cobalt anode and CuKα radiation. The
compounds (phases) were identified by the
method of comparison of interplane
distances (d, A), and relative intensities (I/I0)
of the experimental curve with electron
PCPDFWIN card index data.
The polarization dependences for Co–
Mo–W(Zr) electrodes in 0.25М NaOH were
obtained using the potentiostat PI-50.1.1,
and the programmer PR-8 equipped with the
special device intended for the digital data
registration. Cyclic voltammetry data (CV)
were analyzed at the potential scanning rate
of s = 0.002–0.05 V/s according to the
algorithm given in [27]. A standard three-
electrode cell was used for the
measurements, a platinum spiral served as an
auxiliary electrode, and a reference electrode
was saturated silver-chloride connected to
the cell via a salt bridge. All electrode
potentials in the paper are given vs Standard
Hydrogen Electrode (SHE).
The coating corrosion resistance was
studied using the method of electrode
impedance in the model solution of 0.25М
NaOH. The electrochemical impedance
spectra (EIS) of the electrodes with the
coatings that have a working area of 1cm2
arranged at a distance of 1 cm from each
other in the two-electrode cell were
registered in the frequency range of 10−2–
106 Hz at the free corrosion potential using
the electrochemical module Autolab-30
(type PGSTAT301N Metrohm Autolab)
equipped with the frequency response
analyzer module (type FRA-2). The
measurements were performed at 18‒1 °С.
The module was controlled using the
Autolab 4.9 program according to the
standard procedure with the subsequent
processing by the Zview 2.0 package. The
phase interface structure was simulated
using the method of equivalent circuits. The
EIS results are discussed according to
known approaches [28, 29].
The coatings formed by ternary
Co–Mo–W alloys (table 1, specimens 1, 2)
are characterized by the uniformly branched
globular surface whose relief differs
considerably from that of the substrate onto
which these are applied (fig. 1, a, b). We can
see the cracks and a number of pores on the
surface of specimen 2 (fig. 2) which is
coated with Со–Mo–W at the current density
6 A/dm2. This phenomenon can be explained
by two reasons. First, a higher rate of
nucleation and growth of crystallites at a
higher current density leads to an increase in
internal stresses in coatings and following
cracking. Second, the hydrogen evolution
reaction is intensified with increasing
polarization, and causes the porosity of
Corrosion behavior of the electrolytic ternary cobalt alloys with Mo(W) and Zr in alkaline solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12 99
T a b le 1
Effect of the current density i and pulse/pause duration (ton/toff) on the
composition of the ternary cobalt coatings
Specimen Electrolysis regime Composition, wt.% (in the terms of
metal) i, A/dm2 ton/toff, ms
1 (Co–Mo–W) 4 2/10 Co –59.94; Mo –23.28; W – 16.77
2 (Co–Mo–W) 6 2/10 Co – 61.06; Mo – 20.58; W – 18.36
3 (Co–Mo–Zr) 4 2/10 Co – 62.13; Mo – 33.29; Zr – 4.58
4 (Co–Mo–Zr) 4 5/10 Co – 63.61; Mo – 32.60; Zr – 3.79
5 (Co–Mo–Zr) 6 5/10 Co – 68.96; Mo – 26.68; Zr – 4.36
6 (Co–W–Zr) 4 2/10 Co – 88.25; W – 9.06; Zr – 2.69
7 (Co–W–Zr) 6 2/10 Co – 73.87; W – 24.35; Zr – 1.78
the coating.
The analysis of ACM data is indicative
of the nano-globular character of the surface
of Со–Mo–W coatings on which the cone-
shaped associates with the diameter of 2 to
5 µm are formed due to the merging of fine
globules with the diameter of 20 to 80 nm.
The roughness parameters calculated for the
section area of 20×20 µm are: Ra = 0.02, and
Rq = 0.04.
Ternary coatings with Co–Mo–Zr alloy
differ from Со–Mo–W ones by more
branched surface and uniformly distributed
cone-shaped associates with the diameter of
5 to 7 µm (fig. 1, c, d). The cobalt content
increases with the current density and an
extension of the pulse time. However, the
percentage of alloying metals is decreased in
comparison with that of Со–Mo–W coatings
(table 1, specimens 3–5). Despite this, the
origination of cracks in Co–Mo–Zr coatings
is independent of the refractory components
content as well as of current density. Many
studies have paid attention to the cracking of
binary and ternary cobalt and molybdenum
alloys [30, 31]. A possible cause of the
coatings fracturing can be the difference in
the crystal lattice types of the alloying
metals. It is known that cobalt and zirconium
crystal structure is hexagonal close packed
(hcp), and molybdenum as well as tungsten
are characterized by is body-centered cubic
(bcc) crystal lattice. The analysis of the
AFM data obtained for Co–Mo–Zr coatings
on the section area of 20×20 µm allowed us
to calculate the roughness parameters of Ra и
Rq that are equal to 0.1 and 0.2, accordingly,
and are one order of magnitude higher than
those for Со–Mo–W coatings.
The morphology and relief of Co–W–
Zr coatings are similar to those of Со–Mo–
W coatings (fig. 2, specimens 6, 7);
however, the tungsten content reduces in the
alloys obtained for the same electrolysis
conditions (Table 1, specimens 1 and 2). It
should be noted that zirconium percentage in
Co–W–Zr is also lower in comparison to that
in Co–Mo–Zr coatings deposited under the
same conditions (table 1, specimens 3 and
5). A decrease in the size of associates
(agglomerates) and unavailability of the
cracks in the coatings can be related to the
influence of tungsten on the electro-
crystallization process. An increase in the
current density contributes to the enrichment
of the coating with tungsten, though the
T.A.Nenastina, M.V.Ved’, N.D.Sakhnenko, I.Yu.Yermolenko, V.A.Proskurina, M.M.Volobuyev
100 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12
a b
c d
Fig. 1. Topography (а, b) and the relief (c, d) of the surface of Со–Mo–W alloy (specimen 1,
table 1
(a,b) and Co–Mo–Zr alloy (specimen 3, table 1 (c, d).
content of zirconium reduces to 1.78 wt.%
(table 1, specimens 6 and 7).
Nevertheless, as shown in [23, 32–34],
the relief and a degree of the surface
development of all coatings mentioned
above are favorable for the catalytic
processes that occur not only through the
adsorption stage but are also realized in the
diffusive mode.
Alongside with the formation of
branched globular surface, the phase
composition of coatings can turn out to be an
important factor that has an effect on their
properties, and in particular on the catalytic
activity because it predetermines the
distribution of active accepting centers on
the surface.
Fig.3 gives the X-ray patterns of the
ternary coatings Co–Mo–W that are
deposited onto the copper substrate in the
pulse mode; the coating thickness is 20 µm.
The X-ray diffraction patterns reflect the
amorphous-and-crystalline alloy structure.
The patterns were detected that correspond
to the α-Co phase, Co7W6, Co7Mo6, and
Co7Mo3 intermetallic compounds. A rather
broad halo is visible at the 2θ angles from 43
to 58° (fig. 3) that reflects the X-ray
amorphous structure of coatings. The most
important event is the origination of the
Corrosion behavior of the electrolytic ternary cobalt alloys with Mo(W) and Zr in alkaline solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12 101
reflexes of metallic molybdenum and
tungsten which are formed in compliance
with the mechanism suggested in [8, 9, 22]
during the reduction of intermediate oxides
by hydrogen ad-atoms when the polarization
current is interrupted. The sizes of the zone
of coherent dissipation of the amorphous
portion of alloy vary in the range of 2 to 8
nm [22].
The X-ray diffraction patterns (fig. 4)
show the difference in the phase
composition of electrolytic Co–Mo–Zr
alloys deposited in the pulse mode of a
different current amplitude (see table 1,
specimens 3, 5). The figure shows the α-Co
lines as well as the lines of intermetallic
compounds Co3Mo, Co7Mo3, Co7Mo6, and
metallic molybdenum (the specimen 3). A
narrow halo is observed at the angles of 2θ
from 48 to 58° reflecting the amorphous
structure of materials. Unavailability of the
lines that correspond to zirconium or its
intermetallides is explained by the low metal
percentage in the coatings. In addition, a
high intensity of the lines of intermetallides
for the specimen 3 is conditioned by the
enrichment of alloy with a refractory
component. The sizes of the zone of
coherent dissipation of the amorphous
portion of alloy vary in the range of 2 to 6
nm [22].
The X-ray diffraction patterns of Co–
W–Zr alloys that are deposited in the pulse
mode of different current amplitude
(specimens 6 and 7, table 1) differ from
those for Co–Mo–W and Co–Mo–Zr by
unavailability of tungsten and molybdenum
metallic phases (fig. 5). The intensity of the
lines of Co7W6 intermetallides increases
with the tungsten content. A rather wide halo
at the angles of 2θ in the range of 48 to 65°
confirms the availability of the X-ray
amorphous structure.
Fig. 2. Morphology of the ternary cobalt
coatings surface (SEM photo
magnification × 5000). The number of
specimens corresponds to that in the table 1.
The size of the zones of coherent
dissipation of the amorphous portion of alloy
is smaller in comparison to those considered
above and equals to 2−5 nm [22].
It is evident that the difference in the
surface structure and morphology, as well as
in the phase composition of electrolytic
alloys, will have an effect on their
electrochemical behavior, in particular on
the corrosion resistance and catalytic activity
in electrode reactions.
The electrochemical impedance spectra
(EIS) of the electrodes coated with ternary
alloys (fig. 6, 7) in Nyquist coordinates
(fig. 6, a, 7, a) reflect the fact that the
systems can be described by the modified
Voith equivalent circuit peculiar for
multiphase systems [29, 35].
T.A.Nenastina, M.V.Ved’, N.D.Sakhnenko, I.Yu.Yermolenko, V.A.Proskurina, M.M.Volobuyev
102 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12
Fig. 3. The X-ray diffraction patterns for ternary
Co–Mo–W coatings: 1 is for the specimen 1,
and 2 is for the specimen 2 (table 1).
Fig. 4. The X-ray diffraction patterns of ternary
Co–Mo–Zr coatings: 1 is for the specimen 5; 2
is for the specimen 3.
Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction patterns of ternary Co–
W–Zr coatings: 1 is for the specimen 7; 2 is for
the specimen 6.
The coating corrosion process is
associated with formation of oxides of
alloying metals on the surface. These
nonstoichiometric oxides differ in chemical
nature, porosity and electrical conductivity.
Therefore, the equivalent circuit includes at
least two R–C chains, one of which
corresponds to the oxide phase and the other
describes the corrosion behavior of the
coating.
Such circuit may include the following
elements: R1 is associated with the
electrolyte resistance; CPEi (i = 1, 2) is the
constant phase element (the phase interface
capacity), and Ri (i = 2, 3) is the resistance of
oxide layer (i = 2) or corrosion one (i = 3).
The CPE elements define the phase fractality
that is peculiar for the metals (such as Co,
Mo, W) of a variable valence that form
hydrated oxide films on the surface in alkali
corrosive medium. The degree of deviation
from the perfect capacitor (the degree of
surface fractality) is determined by the
parameter n (0 < n < 1), and for the perfect
capacitor n = 1 [29].
Fig. 6 shows the different shape of
Nyquist plots for specimens coated with
Co–Mo–W alloy: specimen 1 demonstrates
more capacitor behavior in comparison with
specimen 2. The equivalent circuit for
specimen 1 includes only three elements: the
electrolyte resistance R1, CPE1 which is
associated with oxide layer capacitance, and
R2 which simulates the resistance of the
non-porous oxide layer (fig. 7, b). The
values of equivalent circuit parameters are:
R1 = 63±1 Ω cm2; CPE1 = 0.1±0.02 Ω cm2;
R2 = 9100±1100 Ω cm2.
The Nyquist plot for specimen 2
(fig. 6, a) is characterized by two flattened
Corrosion behavior of the electrolytic ternary cobalt alloys with Mo(W) and Zr in alkaline solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12 103
semi-circles that reflect inhomogeneity of
the surface, namely some sections with pores
and cracks (see table 1), and as a result of
uneven distribution of corrosion process in
the system. Therefore, the equivalent circuit
for this specimen consists of two R–C chains
(fig. 6, b), where the first one reflects the
compact oxide layer properties as for the
specimen 1. The second chain is associated
with corrosion behavior of porous oxide
film, where CPE2 is the double layer
capacitance, while R3 simulates the
corrosion resistance, which is inversely
proportional to the corrosion rate. The values
of equivalent circuit parameters and the error
(%) of parameters fitting to the experimental
data are given in the table 2. They
characterize sample 2 as resistant to
corrosion in an alkaline environment, but
with decreased ohmic resistance. Both facts
are favorable for the implementation of
electro-catalytic processes.
The Nyquist plots as well as equivalent
circuit for Со–Mo–Zr-coated electrodes
(specimens 3–5) are similar to each other
and to that of specimen 2, and to Co–W–Zr
alloys (fig. 7, a). Since the difference of
parameters does not exceed the error of 5–7
%, we present data only for specimen 3 (Co–
Mo–Zr) and specimen 6 (Co–W–Zr)
(table 2) obtained at similar electrolysis
conditions. The higher values of R2 and R3
for specimen 3 in comparison with specimen
2 are due to the presence on the surface of
stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrO2 with
high both electrical resistivity and chemical
stability.
It should also be noted that the chemical
stability of molybdenum oxides in an
alkaline medium is higher than that of
tungsten. Therefore, the parameters R2 and
R3 for specimen 6 are lower compared to
sample 3. The results for Со–Mo–Zr
coatings are more reproducible than for Co–
Mo–W, which makes possible to consider
Со–Mo–Zr alloy as more corrosively stable
in an alkaline environment. Moreover, we
can conclude that coatings with metallic
phases of Mo or W are characterized by
higher corrosion resistance.
Obtained EIS data agree with corrosion
test results carried out using polarization
resistance method in different media for
ternary cobalt electrolytic alloys [8–10]. The
anodic behavior of ternary coating following
from CV in alkaline solution also confirm
the high chemical stability of alloys and the
ability to quasi-reversible oxidation/
/reduction under external current. Cyclic
voltammograms (fig. 8) were obtained by
polarizing the electrodes into the cathode
region, and then into the anode one. We can
see the oxidation peaks in the potential range
–(0.7–0.6) on CV for electrodes coated with
Co–Mo–W and Co–Mo–Zr (fig. 8, a and
8, b) after cathodic polarization. These peaks
are most likely related to the oxidation of
adsorbed at the electrode surface hydrogen
atoms formed in the cathodic reaction.
Another oxidation peak for those coatings
appears in the potential range 0.3–0.4 V, and
the anodic current for Co–Mo–W coating is
an order of magnitude higher than that of
Co–Mo–Zr. Upon reaching a potential of
0.5 V, the passivation of the studied
electrodes occurs, and the current density in
the passive state doesn’t exceed 0.1 mA/cm2
for Co–Mo–Zr, but that for Co–Mo–W is of
2 mA/cm2. The second oxidation peak can
be attributed to the formation of alloying
T.A.Nenastina, M.V.Ved’, N.D.Sakhnenko, I.Yu.Yermolenko, V.A.Proskurina, M.M.Volobuyev
104 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12
components oxides during anodic
polarization. The reverse branch of the CV
dependence in fig 8, b indicates a quasi-
reversible reduction of these oxides, which
distinguishes coating Co–Mo–Zr from C–
Mo–W (fig. 8, a).
The CV for the samples coated with
Co–W–Zr alloys differs from those shown
a
b
Fig. 6. Nyquist plots (a) and the equivalent
circuit (b) for the Co-Mo-W electrode: 1 is for
the specimen 1; 2 is for the specimen 2 (see
table 1).
a
b
Fig. 7. Nyquist plots (a) and the equivalent
circuit (b) for the Со–Mo–Zr (specimen 3) and
Co–W–Zr (specimen 6) electrodes.
above by the appearance of a cathodic peak
at potentials of –(0.05–0.3) V, and the
current peak reaches 27 mA/cm2. Obviously,
the reduction of alloying components oxides
unreduced during alloy deposition occurs at
cathodic polarization. At the same time,
there is no peaks on the anode branch of CV,
and the current of the passive state does not
exceed 2 mA/cm2 up to the initiation of
oxygen evolution at the potential of 0.8 V.
We can conclude that the anodic peaks
observed for coatings Co–M–W and Co–
Mo–Zr are associated with the formation of
namely molybdenum oxides, since there is
no peak on the anodic branch of CV for Co–
W–Zr.
T a b l e 2
Values of equivalent circuit parameters (Ω cm2) and error (%) of parameters fitting for coated
specimens
Coating
(specimen)
R1 Error R2 Error CPE1 Error CPE2 Error R3 Error n
Co–Mo–W (2) 59 0.2 3700 24 0.74 1.4 0.53 2.2 1800 9 0.47
Co–Mo–Zr (3) 61 1.2 7100 1.9 0.76 0.8 0.98 2.4 2500 4 0.48
Co–W–Zr (6) 42 0.9 2800 2.1 0.76 0.7 0.9 1.7 1300 8 0.51
Corrosion behavior of the electrolytic ternary cobalt alloys with Mo(W) and Zr in alkaline solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12 105
a b c
Fig. 8. Cyclic voltamograms in the 0.25М NaOH solution for electrodes coated with alloys: a – Co–
Mo–W (specimen 1); b – Co–Mo–Zr (specimen 3); c – Co–W–Zr (specimen 6).
Observed anodic behavior indicates
higher stability of ternary coatings
containing zirconium. In addition, it should
be noted that an increase in the cobalt
content in the alloy (table 1) facilitates its
passivation in alkaline environment.
CONCLUSIONS. The ternary Co–Mo–
W(Zr) coatings with the total content of
refractory metals of 30–40 wt.%, and Co–
W–Zr alloys with that of 12–26 wt.% are
deposited from pyrophosphate-citrate
electrolytes in pulse regime. A uniformly
cone-shaped surface characterizing the
coatings is developed due to tungsten and
molybdenum incorporation, but molyb-
denum containing ternary coatings differs by
the network of shallow cracks.
The X-ray diffraction patterns reflect the
amorphous-and-crystalline structure of
ternary alloys. Phases of α-Co, intermetallic
compounds Co3Mo, Co7Mo3, Co7Mo6, and
traces of metallic molybdenum were
detected in the coatings Co–Mo–Zr. Phase
composition of Co–Mo–W deposits differs
by the emergence of Co7W6 phase and traces
of metallic tungsten, and there is no metallic
W in the phase composition of Co–W–Zr
electrolytic alloys.
The corrosion behavior of the ternary
coatings in alkaline medium studied by EIS
shows that the Co–Mo–Zr alloys are
characterized by the highest corrosion
resistance among the materials studied, and
results are more reproducible. Such behavior
is due to presence of stoichiometric
zirconium oxide ZrO2 on the surface with
high both electrical resistivity and chemical
stability. We can conclude that coatings Co–
Mo–W and Co–Mo–Zr containing metallic
phases of Mo or W are characterized by
higher corrosion resistance.
Anodic behavior of Co–Mo(W)–Zr
coatings in alkali solution is associated with
formation of molybdenum oxides during
anodic polarization and their quasi-
reversible reduction, and indicates higher
stability of ternary coatings containing
zirconium. Simultaneously, an increase in
the cobalt content in the alloy facilitates its
passivation in an alkaline medium.
T.A.Nenastina, M.V.Ved’, N.D.Sakhnenko, I.Yu.Yermolenko, V.A.Proskurina, M.M.Volobuyev
106 ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12
Hence, a high corrosion resistance of
Со–Mo–Zr coatings allows us to view them
as promising electrode materials for
chemical current sources, in particular
alkaline fuel cells.
This research was conducted with the
support of the Ministry of Education and
Science of Ukraine within the confines of
the project (Registration Number
0118U002051).
КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИ-
ЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ
З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ
Т.О.Ненастіна2, М.В.Ведь1*, М.Д.Сахненко1,
І.Ю.Єрмоленко1, В.О.Проскуріна1,
М.М.Волобуєв1
1Національний технічний університет
"Харківський політехнічний інститут", вул.
Кирпичова, 2, Харків, 61002, Україна
2Харківський національний автомобільно-
дорожній університет, вул.Ярослава
Мудрого,25, Харків, 61000, Україна
*е-mail: vmv@kpi.kharkov.ua
Потрійні покриття Co–Mo–W (Zr) із
загальним вмістом тугоплавких металів
30–40 % мас. та сплави Co–W–Zr (12–26%
мас.) осаджено з пірофосфатно-цитратних
електролітів у імпульсному режимі. Показа-
но, що склад покриттів, а також морфологія
поверхні залежать від густини струму. Рент-
генограми відображають структуру потрій-
них аморфних і кристалічних сплавів. У
покриттях Co–Mo–Zr виявлені фази ін.-
терметалічних сполук α-Co, Co–Mo та сліди
металічного молібдену. Фазовий склад по-
криттів Co–Mo–W відрізняється виник-
ненням фази Co7W6 і слідів металевого
вольфраму, тоді як в електролітичних
сплавах Co–W–Zr металевого W немає. Ко-
розійна поведінка потрійних покриттів у
лужному середовищі показує, що сплави
Co–Mo–Zr характеризуються найбільшою ко-
розійною стійкістю серед нанесених по-
криттів завдяки наявності металевого мо-
лібдену та стехіометричного ZrO2 з високим
електричним опором і хімічною стійкістю.
Покриття Co–Mo–W і Co–Mo–Zr, що містять
фази Mo або W, характеризуються більшою
стійкістю до корозії порівняно з покриттям
без металічного молібдену і вольфраму. Дані
циклічної вольтамперометрії підтверджують
стійкість потрійних покриттів у лужному
розчині при анодній поляризації. Такі вла-
стивості й розвинена глобулярна поверхня
роблять матеріали перспективними для
використання як анодів у паливних комірках,
зокрема на основі лужних електролітів.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: електроосадження;
сплави кобальту; корозійна стійкість; туго-
плавкий метал.
КОРРОЗИОННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРО-
ЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ТРОЙНЫХ КОБАЛЬТО-
ВЫХ СПЛАВОВ С Mo (W) И Zr В
ЩЕЛОЧНОМ РАСТВОРЕ
Т.А.Ненастина2,М.В.Ведь1*,Н.Д.Сахненко1,
И.Ю.Ермоленко1,В.О.Проскурина1,
М.Н.Волобуев1
1Национальный технический университет
"Харьковский политехнический институт",
ул. Кирпичева, 2, Харьков, 61002, Украина
2Харьковский национальный автомобильно-
дорожный университет, ул. Ярослава
Мудрого,25,Харьков, 61000, Украина
*е-mail: vmv@kpi.kharkov.ua
Тройные покрытия Co–Mo–W(Zr) с
общим содержанием тугоплавких металлов
30–40 % мас. и сплавы Co-W-Zr (12–26
мас.%) получены из пирофосфатно-ци-
mailto:vmv@kpi.kharkov.ua
mailto:vmv@kpi.kharkov.ua
Corrosion behavior of the electrolytic ternary cobalt alloys with Mo(W) and Zr in alkaline solution
ISSN 0041-6045. УКР . ХІМ . ЖУРН ., 2019, т . 85, No 12 107
тратных электролитов в импульсном ре-
жиме. Рентгенограммы отражают струк-
туру аморфно-кристаллических тройных
сплавов. В покрытиях Co-Mo-Zr обна-
ружены фазы α-Co, интерметаллидов Co-
Mo и следы металлического молибдена.
Фазовый состав Co-Mo-W отличается по-
явлением фазы Co7W6 и следами метал-
лического W, в сплавах Co-W-Zr отсут-
ствует металлический W. Коррозионное
поведение тройных покрытий в щелочной
среде свидетельствует о наивысшей кор-
розионной стойкости сплавов Co-Mo-Zr
благодаря присутствию металлического
молибдена и стехиометрического ZrO2 с
высоким удельным электрическим сопро-
тивлением. Данные циклической вольт-
амперометрии подтверждают стабильность
тройных покрытий в щелочном растворе
при анодной поляризации. Такие свойства
нанесенных тройных покрытий позволяют
рассматривать их как перспективные
материалы для использования в качестве
анодов в топливных элементах, в част-
ности, на основе щелочных электролитов.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: электроосаждение;
сплавы кобальта; коррозионная стойкость;
тугоплавкий металл.
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| id | oai:ojs2.1444248.nisspano.web.hosting-test.net:article-107 |
| institution | Ukrainian Chemistry Journal |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:01:01Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | ucjorgua/f0/5610a81dcbd4e5317991c6605613a6f0.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.1444248.nisspano.web.hosting-test.net:article-1072026-07-22T08:23:42Z CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TERNARY COBALT ALLOYS WITH Mo(W) AND Zr IN ALKALINE SOLUTION КОРРОЗИОННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ТРОЙНЫХ КОБАЛЬТОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ С Mo (W) И Zr В ЩЕЛОЧНОМ РАСТВОРЕ КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ Ved’, Maryna Sakhnenko, Nikolay Nenastina, Tatyana Yermolenko, Iryna Proskurina, Valerya Volobuyev, Maksym electrodeposition, cobalt alloys, corrosion resistance, refractory metal. The ternary Co–Mo–W(Zr) coatings with total content of refractory metals of 30–40 wt.%, and Co–W–Zr alloys (12–26&nbsp;wt.%) are deposited from pyrophosphate-citrate electrolytes in pulse regime. The composition of the coatings as well as the surface morphology depends on the current density. The X-ray diffraction patterns reflect the amorphous-and-crystalline ternary alloys structure. Phases of α-Co, Co–Mo intermetallic compounds, and traces of metallic molybdenum were detected in the Co–Mo–Zr coatings. Phase composition of Co–Mo–W deposits differs by emergence of Co7W6 phase and traces of metallic tungsten, and there is no metallic W in Co–W–Zr electrolytic alloys. The corrosion behavior of ternary coatings in alkaline medium studied by EIS shows that Co–Mo–Zr alloys are characterized by highest corrosion resistance among deposited coatings due to presence of metallic molybdenum and stoichiometric ZrO2 with both high electrical resistivity and chemical stability. The coatings &nbsp;Co–Mo–W and Co–Mo–Zr containing phases of Mo or W are characterized by higher corrosion resistance as compared with that without metallic molybdenum and tungsten. The cyclic voltammetry data confirm stability of ternary coatings in alkaline solution under anodic polarization. Such properties as well as the developed globular surface make materials promising for use as anodes in fuel cells in particular based on alkali electrolytes. V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry 2019-12-16 Article Article Physical chemistry Физическая xимия Фізична xімія application/pdf https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/107 10.33609/0041-6045.85.11.2019.96-109 Ukrainian Chemistry Journal; Vol. 85 No. 12 (2019): Ukrainian Chemistry Journal; 96-109 Украинский химический журнал; ##issue.vol## 85 ##issue.no## 12 (2019): Украинский химический журнал; 96-109 Український хімічний журнал; Том 85 № 12 (2019): Український хімічний журнал; 96-109 2708-129X 2708-1281 en https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/107/71 Copyright (c) 2019 Maryna Ved’, Nikolay Sakhnenko, Tatyana Nenastina, Iryna Yermolenko, Valerya Proskurina, Maksym Volobuyev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Ved’, Maryna Sakhnenko, Nikolay Nenastina, Tatyana Yermolenko, Iryna Proskurina, Valerya Volobuyev, Maksym КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ |
| title | КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ |
| title_alt | CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TERNARY COBALT ALLOYS WITH Mo(W) AND Zr IN ALKALINE SOLUTION КОРРОЗИОННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ТРОЙНЫХ КОБАЛЬТОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ С Mo (W) И Zr В ЩЕЛОЧНОМ РАСТВОРЕ |
| title_full | КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ |
| title_fullStr | КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ |
| title_full_unstemmed | КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ |
| title_short | КОРОЗІЙНА ПОВЕДІНКА ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТИЧНИХ ПОТРІЙНИХ СПЛАВІВ КОБАЛЬТУ З Mo(W) ТА Zr У ЛУЖНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ |
| title_sort | корозійна поведінка електролітичних потрійних сплавів кобальту з mo(w) та zr у лужному розчині |
| topic_facet | electrodeposition cobalt alloys corrosion resistance refractory metal. |
| url | https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/107 |
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