ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНА РОЛЬ siРНК ПРИ РАКУ ШЛУНКА: МЕХАНІЗМИ САЙЛЕНСИНГУ ГЕНІВ ТА СТРАТЕГІЇ ДОСТАВКИ НА ОСНОВІ НАНОНОСІЇВ

• Опубліковано в: Експериментальна онкологія
• Дата: 2026
• Том: 48
• Випуск: 2
• Сторінки: 81-97
• ISSN: 2312-8852
• Автори та афіліації: Gheysar Seifollahnezhad — Molecular Medicine, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Türkiye — ORCID: 0009-0001-8605-0249; Berrin Erdağ — Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Biology Division, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Türkiye
• Автори: Seifollahnezhad , Gheysar, Erdağ, Berrin
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Англійська
• Опубліковано: PH Akademperiodyka 2026
• Теми: siРНК; рак шлунка; пригнічення генів; доставка наноносіїв; РНК-інтерференція
• Онлайн доступ: https://exp-oncology.com.ua/index.php/Exp/article/view/639
• Назва журналу: Experimental Oncology

Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be a significant global contributor to cancer-related mortality, primarily due to late-stage diagnoses, tumor heterogeneity, and the frequent emergence of therapeutic resistance. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, long-term survival rates remain unsatisfactory, underscoring the need for innovative, molecularly driven approaches. SiRNA has emerged as a promising gene-silencing tool capable of selectively downregulating oncogenic drivers and pathways associated with resistance via RNA interference. Preclinical studies using GC models demonstrate promising biological activity following siRNA-mediated suppression of various molecular targets — including CD44v6, Rac1, and ZNRD1—leading to reduced cell proliferation, inhibited migration and invasion, enhanced apoptosis, and increased chemosensitivity. However, the successful translation of siRNA-based strategies into clinical practice is fundamentally reliant on the development of efficient and safe delivery systems. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development of multifunctional nanocarriers, including lipid-based nanoparticles, peptide-based systems, chitosanderived platforms, exosome-mimetic vesicles, layer-by-layer architectures, and stimuli-responsive theranostic nanoparticles. These engineered platforms are designed to enhance siRNA stability, improve tumor targeting, facilitate intracellular trafficking, and promote endosomal escape while minimizing off-target effects and immune activation. Preclinical findings suggest significant biological potential; however, additional research is required to address issues concerning biodistribution, safety, scalability, and regulatory standardization before clinical application. Overall, siRNA-based strategies may play a crucial role in the future development of precision-oriented therapeutic frameworks in GC research. Importantly, this review emphasizes the integration of molecular target selection with delivery system design in a GC-specific context. By systematically linking validated siRNA targets with corresponding nanocarrier strategies, this work provides a more application-oriented and translationally relevant perspective that is not typically addressed in conventional RNA interference or nanocarrier-focused reviews.