ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА
Background. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare cancer. However, it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract system and ranks as the sixth most common malignancy of the digestive tract. It occurs primarily in females, and previous reports indicate that the estrogen receptor (ER), progest...
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Experimental Oncology| _version_ | 1874183252275625984 |
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| author | Mishra, Deepti Krishna, Akhilesh Sameer, Priyanka Ghosh, Shreshtha Kumar, Durgesh Verma, Ankur |
| author_facet | Mishra, Deepti Krishna, Akhilesh Sameer, Priyanka Ghosh, Shreshtha Kumar, Durgesh Verma, Ankur |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Deepti Mishra",
"institution": "Department of Pathology & Cancer Genetics, Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India",
"orcid": ""
},
{
"author": "Akhilesh Krishna",
"institution": "Department of Pathology & Cancer Genetics, Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4362-4329"
},
{
"author": "Priyanka Sameer",
"institution": "Department of Pathology & Cancer Genetics, Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India",
"orcid": "0009-0002-3630-5415"
},
{
"author": "Shreshtha Ghosh",
"institution": "Department of Pathology & Cancer Genetics, Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8847-1218"
},
{
"author": "Durgesh Kumar",
"institution": "Department of Surgical Oncology, Kalyan Singh Super Speciality Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India",
"orcid": ""
},
{
"author": "Ankur Verma",
"institution": "Department of Surgical Oncology, Kalyan Singh Super Speciality Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India",
"orcid": ""
}
] |
| author_orcid_str_mv | 0000-0002-4362-4329 0009-0002-3630-5415 0000-0001-8847-1218 |
| author_sort | Mishra, Deepti |
| baseUrl_str | https://exp-oncology.com.ua/index.php/Exp/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| container_end_page | 145 |
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 139 |
| container_title | Експериментальна онкологія |
| container_volume | 48 |
| datestamp_date | 2026-08-21T12:36:17Z |
| description | Background. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare cancer. However, it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract system and ranks as the sixth most common malignancy of the digestive tract. It occurs primarily in females, and previous reports indicate that the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu (HER2/neu) play significant roles in GBC. However, reported findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the expression status of ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu in GBC and to investigate their associations with clinicopathological features of patients. Materials and Methods. 55 GBC patients were included in the study. The expression levels of ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu proteins were evaluated using immunohistochemistry method. Results. ERα expression was absent in all cases, while PR and HER2/neu positivity were observed in 5.5% and 18.2% cases, respectively. Of total, 34 (61.8%) cases showed positive expression of ERβ. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, ERβ mean positivity was higher in GBC tissues. Significant associations were found between ERβ expression and tumor differentiation and gallstones (p < 0.05). Predominant expression of ERβ was observed in GBC of stages II and III. Conclusion. ERβ was frequently expressed in GBC and significantly associated with tumor differentiation, suggesting its potential role in progression of GBC. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/exp-oncology.2026.02.139 |
| first_indexed | 2026-08-22T01:00:31Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ISSN 1812-9269. Experimental Oncology 48 (2). 2026 139
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
C i t a t i o n: Mishra D, Krishna A, Sameer P, Ghosh S, Kumar D, Verma A. Expression patterns and clinical significance
of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu in gallbladder cancer.
Exp Oncol. 2026; 48(2): 139-145. https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2026.02.139
© PH “Akademperiodyka” of the NAS of Ukraine, 2026. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common malignancy
of the biliary tract and represents a significant public
health challenge due to high lethality. Worldwide,
122,500 new cases and 89,000 mortalities occurred
in 2022 [1]. The incidence of GBC varied according
to the geographical distribution, ethnicity, and gen-
der. The highest incidence of GBC was recorded in
South Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and South America
[2]. According to the Cancer Registry Program data
from India, a higher prevalence of GBC has been re-
ported in Northern India (4.5 per 100,000 ma-
les and 10.1 per 100,000 females), in contrast to
https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2026.02.139
Deepti Mishra 1, *, Akhilesh Krishna 1, Priyanka Sameer 1,
Shreshtha Ghosh 1, Durgesh Kumar 2, Ankur Verma 2
1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Genetics, Kalyan Singh Super
Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
2 Department of Surgical Oncology, Kalyan Singh Super
Speciality Cancer Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
* Correspondence: E-mail: drdeeptimishra27@gmail.com
EXPRESSION PATTERNS AND CLINICAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR,
PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR, AND HUMAN
EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2/neu
IN GALLBLADDER CANCER
Background. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare cancer. However, it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract
system and ranks as the sixth most common malignancy of the digestive tract. It occurs primarily in females, and previous
reports indicate that the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor recep-
tor 2/neu (HER2/neu) play significant roles in GBC. However, reported findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to
determine the expression status of ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu in GBC and to investigate their associations with clinico-
pathological features of patients. Materials and Methods. 55 GBC patients were included in the study. The expression levels
of ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu proteins were evaluated using immunohistochemistry method. Results. ERα expression
was absent in all cases, while PR and HER2/neu positivity were observed in 5.5% and 18.2% cases, respectively. Of total,
34 (61.8%) cases showed positive expression of ERβ. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, ERβ mean positivity was
higher in GBC tissues. Significant associations were found between ERβ expression and tumor differentiation and gallstones
(p < 0.05). Predominant expression of ERβ was observed in GBC of stages II and III. Conclusion. ERβ was frequently ex-
pressed in GBC and significantly associated with tumor differentiation, suggesting its potential role in progression of GBC.
Keywords: gallbladder cancer, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2/neu, estrogen receptor beta.
https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2026.02.139
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2026.02
mailto:drdeeptimishra27@gmail.com
140 ISSN 1812-9269. Experimental Oncology 48 (2). 2026
D. Mishra, A. Krishna, P. Sameer, S. Ghosh, D. Kumar, A. Verma
Southern India (1.2 per 100,000 males and 0.9 per
100,000 females). Particularly, the states along the
Gangetic belt, such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Ut-
tarakhand, present the highest rates of GBC [3].
GBC is a multifactorial disease, with cholelithiasis
being the most common risk factor. Others include
exposure to carcinogens, inflammatory bowel dis-
ease, oxidative stress, sedentary lifestyle, and a high-
fat diet. The notable geographic and ethnic varia-
tions suggest significant genetic and environmental
factors of GBC [4]. GBC affects females 2—6 times
more often than males. Previous studies indicate that
a higher prevalence of GBC in females might be due
to the use of oral contraceptive pills, experiencing
early menarche, late menopause, or shorter repro-
ductive lifespan [5, 6]. Furthermore, earlier reports
suggest that female hormones may participate in the
development of GBC. Few studies have evaluated the
role of estrogen receptor (ER) or ERα, progesterone
receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor
receptor 2 (HER2/neu) in GBC among the Indian
population, but the findings are inconsistent [7—9].
Additionally, a study also reported the significant
role of an isoform of estrogen receptor (ERβ) in
GBC [10]. The roles of ER, PR, and HER2/neu are
well established in the routine diagnosis of breast
cancer, where antihormonal and targeted therapies
are used to improve patient survival based on the
expression profile of these biomarkers. Nevertheless,
published data on the expression status of ERs (ERα
and ERβ), PR, and HER2/neu in GBC have present-
ed contradictory results in terms of the type and ex-
tent of receptor expression. This knowledge gap pro-
vides rationale for the present study, which aims to
analyze ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu expressions
in GBC and correlate these biomarker profiles with
the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics.
Materials and Methods
Study setting, design, and recruitment of patients.
The present study was conducted at Kalyan Singh
Super Speciality Cancer Institute (KSSSCI), Luc-
know, Uttar Pradesh, India, a tertiary care cancer
center in Northern India, providing comprehensive
cancer diagnosis and treatment services. The insti-
tute caters predominantly to patients from North-
ern India, particularly Uttar Pradesh, as well as
neighboring states, including Uttarakhand and Hi-
machal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, and
Delhi. All the patients included in the present study
were residents of Uttar Pradesh, India.
This observational study was carried out in the
Department of Pathology and Cancer Genetics,
KSSSCI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of
55 patients with histopathologically confirmed
GBC were included in this study from August 2023
to October 2025. All the tissue samples were ob-
tained from patients who underwent biopsy of in-
operable and locally advanced tumors or surgically
removed GBC in the Department of Surgical On-
cology, KSSSCI. The Institutional Ethics Commit-
tee, KSSSCI, approved this study (Letter No. KSSS-
CI/IEC/11/59/2023), and informed consent was
obtained from all patients enrolled in the study.
The previous clinical history and demographic
data were collected from hospital records. Clinical
staging of GBC patients was performed using the
AJCC (8th edition) TNM staging system.
Sample collection and immunohistochemistry.
The specimens of gallbladder tumor tissue were fixed
in 10% buffered formalin and processed following
the standard protocol for histopathological investiga-
tions. Further, samples were stained in hematoxylin
& eosin (H&E) and examined by the pathologist.
ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu were detected by
immunohistochemistry (IHC). 4-µm tissue sections
were mounted to Poly-L-Lysine-coated slides and
followed by a standard IHC protocol. After deparaf-
finization of tissue sections, endogenous peroxidase
activity was blocked using 3% hydrogen peroxide,
followed by antigen retrieval in EDTA buffer
(pH 9.0). Further, the sections were incubated with
ready-to-use primary antibodies at room tempera-
ture for 2 h: ERα (clone SP1, cat # RM9101-R7), PR
(clone SP2, cat # RM9102-R7), and HER2/neu (clone
SP3, cat # RM9103-R7) from Epredia, Netherlands.
For ERβ, tissue sections were incubated at 4 °C over-
night with polyclonal primary antibody (clone
ERb455, cat # ab187291, Abcam USA, dilution
1:100). For detection, an HRP-labelled secondary an-
tibody kit (cat # TL-125-QHD, Epredia, Nether-
lands) was used, followed by visualization with DAB
chromogen and counterstaining with hematoxylin.
Nuclear staining for ERα, ERβ, and PR, as well as
membranous staining for HER2/neu, were consid-
ered positive. The known positive cases of ER, PR,
and HER2/neu of breast cancer were taken as a posi
tive control. IHC scoring of ERα, ERβ, and PR was
done using the Allred method. HER2/neu scoring
ISSN 1812-9269. Experimental Oncology 48 (2). 2026 141
Expression Patterns and Clinical Significance of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and HER2/neu
was done according to breast cancer scoring criteria.
The intensity of staining was defined as weak (1),
moderate (2), or strong (3) for all biomarkers.
Statistical analysis. The categorical data were
summarized as numbers and percentages, whereas
the continuous data were presented as mean ± SD.
Statistical analysis was performed using a two-
tailed chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test and un-
paired t-test for assessing associations between
variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statisti-
cally significant. All analyses were performed
through the SPSS software (version 16.0, IBM
Corp., IL, USA).
Results
The demographic and clinicopathological charac-
teristics of the GBC patients included in the study
are summarized in the Table. The mean age of the
patients at the time of GBC diagnosis was 53.2 ±
± 10.5 (35—70 years). Radiological investigations
revealed that 12.7% of patients had a history of gall-
bladder stones (GBS) along with GBC. At the time
of clinical diagnosis, most of the patients presented
with stage III (45.5%), followed by stage II (29.1%),
stage IV (14.5%), and stage I (10.9%). None of the
patients received neoadjuvant therapy/ palliative
chemotherapy before surgery/core biopsy. On his-
topathological evaluation, 53 patients were diag-
nosed with adenocarcinoma, and 2 patients were
diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Among
all cases, 50.9% were moderately differentiated tu-
mors, 36.4% were well differentiated, and 12.7%
were poorly differentiated.
The Figure presents the IHC findings of ERα,
ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu expression. ERα expres-
Association between ERβ expression and clinicopathological
characteristics of GBC patients
Variables Number of patients
n = 55 (%)
ERβ expression
p valuePositive
n = 34 (%)
Negative
n = 21 (%)
Age (years)
≤ 40 15 (27.3) 8 (23.5) 7 (33.3) 0.474
41—60 24 (43.6) 17 (50.0) 7 (33.3)
> 60 16 (29.1) 9 (26.5) 7 (33.3)
Gender
Female 41 (74.5) 27 (79.4) 14 (66.7) 0.348
Male 14 (25.5) 7 (20.6) 7 (33.3)
Menopausal status
Premenopausal 11 (26.8) 6 (22.2) 5 (35.7) 0.382
Postmenopausal 30 (73.2) 21 (77.8) 9 (64.3)
GBS
Absent 48 (87.3) 29 (85.3) 19 (90.5) 0.036*
Present 7 (12.7) 5 (14.7) 2 (9.5)
Tumor differentiation grade
Well differentiated 20 (36.4) 16 (47.1) 4 (19.0) 0.048*
Moderately differentiated 28 (50.9) 13 (38.2) 15 (71.5)
Poorly differentiated 7 (12.7) 5 (14.7) 2 (9.5)
Clinical stage (TNM)
I 6 (10.9) 4 (11.8) 2 (9.5) 0.273
II 16 (29.1) 12 (35.3) 4 (19.0)
III 25 (45.5) 12 (35.3) 13 (61.9)
IV 8 (14.5) 6 (17.6) 2 (9.5)
Notes: GBS — gallbladder stone. * p < 0.05 (chi-square test (χ2)/Fisher’s exact test).
142 ISSN 1812-9269. Experimental Oncology 48 (2). 2026
D. Mishra, A. Krishna, P. Sameer, S. Ghosh, D. Kumar, A. Verma
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ISSN 1812-9269. Experimental Oncology 48 (2). 2026 143
Expression Patterns and Clinical Significance of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and HER2/neu
sion was absent in all cases. PR positivity was iden-
tified in only 3 (5.5%) cases, and positive expres-
sion of HER2/neu in 10 (18.2%) cases. In contrast,
ERβ expression was observed in 34 (61.8%) cases
of GBC. Due to a limited number of PR-positive
and HER2/neu-positive cases in our cohort, further
statistical analyses assessing their associations with
clinico-pathological characteristics of GBC patients
could not be performed.
Furthermore, ERβ expression in GBC was com-
pared with that in 20 adjacent normal tissues (ANT)
of surgically resected specimens. Among 20 ANT
samples, only 5 (25%) showed positive ERβ expres-
sion. The mean percentage positivity in GBC vs. ANT
samples was found as 55.7 ± 14.5 vs 32.4 ± 10.2, re-
spectively, but the difference was insignificant.
The associations between clinicopathological
profiles of GBC patients and ERβ expression status
are presented in the Table. ERβ positivity was more
frequently observed in the 41—60 years age group,
females, and post-menopausal patients. A signifi-
cant association was found between ERβ positivity
and the presence of GBS (p = 0.036), although the
proportion of patients with GBS was small. The
ERβ protein expression was significantly higher in
well- and moderately differentiated tumors com-
pared to poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.048).
Moreover, an increased ERβ expression was noted
in tumors of stages II and III.
Discussion
According to GLOBOCAN 2022 data, the global age-
standardized incidence and mortality rates for GBC
were 1.2 per 100,000 and 0.83 per 100,000 popula-
tion, respectively. The highest disease burden was re-
ported in South-Central and Eastern Asia, particu-
larly in India (1.5 per 100,000 population) and China
(1.1 per 100,000 population). However, the highest
age-standardized incidence rates were found in South
America, notably in Bolivia (7.6 per 100,000 po
pulation) and Chile (5.7 per 100,000 population) [1].
A study conducted in the Chilean population pre-
sented that HER2/neu overexpression occurred in
about 14% of the GBC cases, suggesting that this
subgroup of GBC patients may benefit from HER2/
neu targeted therapy [11].
The incidence of GBC in India shows significant
regional variations. The Gangetic belt of Northern
India reports the highest incidence, increasing from
15.2 to 18 per 100,000 population from 2018 to 2023,
whereas Southern India presents the lower rates, 3.5
to 4.1 per 100,000 [12]. Earlier studies suggest that
the high incidence of GBC in the Gangetic area may
be associated with dietary patterns, environmental
exposures, including contaminated water and high
levels of heavy metals, and genetic predisposition.
GBC predominantly affects older patients and
occurs more frequently in women than men. In the
present study, the occurrence of GBC was more
prevalent (43.6%) in the age group 41—60 years,
with a mean age of 53.2 ± 10.5 years. These find-
ings are consistent with other studies conducted in
India. Vikash et al. [9] reported a mean age of GBC
patients of 51.7 ± 11.32 years, and Gupta et al. [13]
reported 50.51 ± 11.97 years. In our cohort, most
patients were female (74.5%) and a female-to-male
ratio of 2.9:1. Another study among the Indian
population reported that the incidence of GBC in
female patients was 82.5%, with a female-to-male
ratio of 4.8:1 [14]. The observed gender disparity
in GBC might result from hormonal factors, repro-
ductive phase, and a higher prevalence of GBS
among females.
Chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, fre-
quently associated with gallstone disease, is a sig-
nificant risk factor for GBC. In the present study,
12.7% of patients were primarily diagnosed with
gallstone disease. In contrast, previous Indian stud-
ies reported GBS in more than 70% of patients with
GBC [15]. Although gallstone disease remains the
major risk factor for GBC, a proportion of patients
do not exhibit detectable GBS at the time of diag-
nosis. Worldwide, GBS are identified in roughly
70%—90% of cases, but may be absent in advanced
tumors (stages II/III) due to the replacement of the
gallbladder lumen by tumor mass. Additionally,
GBS-independent carcinogenic pathways, includ-
ing chronic inflammation, porcelain gallbladder,
environmental factors, and genetic susceptibility,
have also been suggested as risk factors for GBC.
In postmenopausal women, adipose tissue is the
primary source of estrogen synthesis. High estro-
gen levels increase biliary cholesterol secretion and
reduce gallbladder contractility, which may cont
ribute to carcinogenesis. However, in premeno-
pausal women, hormonal fluctuation associated
with the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and use of
contraceptives causes changes in gallbladder func-
tion and increases the risk of GBS development. In
144 ISSN 1812-9269. Experimental Oncology 48 (2). 2026
D. Mishra, A. Krishna, P. Sameer, S. Ghosh, D. Kumar, A. Verma
the present study, we observed an association be-
tween ERβ expression and gallstone disease.
However, the analysis of ERβ association was
based on a limited number of GBS-positive GBC
cases, thereby restricting statistical power. Conse-
quently, these findings should be interpreted with
caution, and larger multicentric studies with ex-
panded sample sizes are required to further study
and validate the relationship between hormone
receptor expression and gallstone disease-associ-
ated GBC.
Various studies have reported differing findings
regarding the nuclear expression of ER and PR in
GBC, ranging from 0 to 60%. Saranga et al. [8] re-
ported ER and PR expression in 23.4% (11/47) of
GBC patients, while simultaneous expression of
both receptors was observed in 8 patients. In con-
trast, we found no expression of ERα in any of the
GBC cases. In support of our findings, previous re-
ports have also confirmed that there is no signifi-
cant nuclear expression of ER and PR in GBC and
control groups. However, HER2/neu expression
was observed in 10%—16% of GBC cases [7, 9, 10,
16—18]. Chaube et al. [19] documented 25% of
HER2/neu positivity in GBC, while another report
confirmed negative HER2/neu expression in the
normal epithelium of the gallbladder [20]. Further-
more, Park et al. [21] assessed the expression of
ERα, ERβ, and PR in GBC and reported negative
ERα and PR expression. However, 73.3% (22/30) of
GBC cases were positive for ERβ and significantly
associated with tumor differentiation. These fin
dings are consistent with our results, which demon-
strated significant associations between ERβ posi-
tivity and tumor differentiation in GBC. This pro-
tein level was also high in patients with stages
II—III of the disease. In contrast, ERβ positivity
was comparatively lower in adjacent normal gall-
bladder tissue compared to malignant tissue. This
heterogeneity in positivity in ER, PR, and HER2/
neu in GBC could be linked to ethnic and regional
variations, environmental factors, small sample siz-
es, and differences in the interpretation used to de-
termine the status of these biomarkers.
All patients included in the present study were
residents of Uttar Pradesh state, located in Northern
India. The higher ERβ expression level observed in
GBC from this Northern Indian cohort suggests a
potential role for hormonal therapeutic strategy, al-
though such approaches may differ from those es-
tablished in breast cancer. There is a lack of research
on ERβ expression in GBC within the Indian popu-
lation, underscoring the necessity to explore it at the
molecular level in a larger sample size.
Conflict of interests
All authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgment
We express our gratitude to all the clinicians, pa-
thologists, and technical staff for their assistance in
patient recruitment, diagnosis, and technical work.
We also thank all the patients who participated in
this study. This research work was financially sup-
ported by an intramural research grant from
KSSSCI, Lucknow, U.P., India (Letter no. KSSSCI/
RC/38/2023 dated 15 May 2023).
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Submitted: February 21, 2026
Деепті Мішра 1, Ахілеш Кришна 1, Приянка Самір 1,
Шрешта Гош 1, Дургеш Кумар 2, Анкур Верма 2
1 Відділ патології та генетики раку, Інститут онкології
ім. Кальяна Сингха, Лахнау, Індія
2 Відділ хірургічної онкології, Інститут онкології
ім. Кальяна Сингха, Лахнау, Індія
ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ,
РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО
ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА
Стан питання. Рак жовчного міхура (РЖМ) — досить рідкісне захворювання, хоча це найпоширеніше злоякіс-
не новоутворення жовчовивідних шляхів і посідає шосте місце серед злоякісних новоутворень травного тракту.
РЖМ зустрічається переважно у жінок, і попередні дослідження, незважаючи на певні розбіжності, свідчать, що
рецептори естрогену (РЕ), прогестерону (РП) та епідермального фактора росту (HER2/neu) відіграють значну
роль у патогенезі РЖМ. Метою цього дослідження було визначити статус експресії РЕα, РЕβ, РП та HER2/neu при
РЖМ і дослідити їх зв’язок із клініко-патологічними особливостями пацієнтів. Матеріали та методи. У дослі-
дження було включено 55 пацієнтів з РЖМ. Рівні експресії білків РЕα, РЕβ, РП та HER2/neu оцінювали за допомо-
гою імуногістохімії. Результати. Експресія РЕα була відсутня у всіх випадках, тоді як позитивність за РП та HER2/
neu спостерігалася у 3 та 10 випадках, відповідно. У 34 (61,8%) випадках спостерігалася позитивна експресія РЕβ,
яка була вищою, ніж у суміжних з пухлиною нормальних тканинах. Виявлено вірогідну асоціацію між експресією
РЕβ та рівнем диференціювання пухлини, а також наявністю жовчних каменів (p < 0,05). Переважна експресія
РЕβ спостерігалася у випадках II та III стадій захворювання. Висновки. Експресія РЕβ при РЖМ, яка пов’язана
з рівнем диференціювання пухлини, може свідчити про потенційне прогностичне значення цього маркера.
Ключові слова: рак жовчного міхура, рецептор естрогену, рецептор прогестерону, HER2/neu, рецептор естро-
гену бета.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-015-9698-z
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05250202207062022
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58777-y
https://doi.org/10.4103/sujhs.sujhs_12_24
https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e1509
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-015-9781-5
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-015-9781-5
https://doi.org/10.21037/cco.2019.08.03
https://doi.org/10.21037/cco.2019.08.03
https://doi.org/10.1080/13651820701481489
https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1754_21
https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1754_21
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-126
https://doi.org/10.5348/ijhpd-2015-40-CR-15
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.01.032
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.01.032
|
| id | oai:ojs2.ex.aqua-time.com.ua:article-648 |
| institution | Experimental Oncology |
| issn | 2312-8852 |
| keywords_txt_mv | |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-08-22T01:00:31Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | PH Akademperiodyka |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | exp-oncologycomua/e0/963791b2a6b4eb38bdae07e0af1393e0.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.ex.aqua-time.com.ua:article-6482026-08-21T12:36:17Z EXPRESSION PATTERNS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR, PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR, AND HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2/neu IN GALLBLADDER CANCER ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА Mishra, Deepti Krishna, Akhilesh Sameer, Priyanka Ghosh, Shreshtha Kumar, Durgesh Verma, Ankur рак жовчного міхура, рецептор естрогену, рецептор прогестерону, HER2/neu, рецептор естрогену бета. gallbladder cancer, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2/neu, estrogen receptor beta Background. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare cancer. However, it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract system and ranks as the sixth most common malignancy of the digestive tract. It occurs primarily in females, and previous reports indicate that the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu (HER2/neu) play significant roles in GBC. However, reported findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the expression status of ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu in GBC and to investigate their associations with clinicopathological features of patients. Materials and Methods. 55 GBC patients were included in the study. The expression levels of ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2/neu proteins were evaluated using immunohistochemistry method. Results. ERα expression was absent in all cases, while PR and HER2/neu positivity were observed in 5.5% and 18.2% cases, respectively. Of total, 34 (61.8%) cases showed positive expression of ERβ. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, ERβ mean positivity was higher in GBC tissues. Significant associations were found between ERβ expression and tumor differentiation and gallstones (p &lt; 0.05). Predominant expression of ERβ was observed in GBC of stages II and III. Conclusion. ERβ was frequently expressed in GBC and significantly associated with tumor differentiation, suggesting its potential role in progression of GBC. Стан питання. Рак жовчного міхура (РЖМ) — досить рідкісне захворювання, хоча це найпоширеніше злоякісне новоутворення жовчовивідних шляхів і посідає шосте місце серед злоякісних новоутворень травного тракту. РЖМ зустрічається переважно у жінок, і попередні дослідження, незважаючи на певні розбіжності, свідчать, що рецептори естрогену (РЕ), прогестерону (РП) та епідермального фактора росту (HER2/neu) відіграють значну роль у патогенезі РЖМ. Метою цього дослідження було визначити статус експресії РЕα, РЕβ, РП та HER2/neu при РЖМ і дослідити їх зв’язок із клініко-патологічними особливостями пацієнтів. Матеріали та методи. У дослідження було включено 55 пацієнтів з РЖМ. Рівні експресії білків РЕα, РЕβ, РП та HER2/neu оцінювали за допомогою імуногістохімії. Результати. Експресія РЕα була відсутня у всіх випадках, тоді як позитивність за РП та HER2/neu спостерігалася у 3 та 10 випадках, відповідно. У 34 (61,8%) випадках спостерігалася позитивна експресія РЕβ, яка була вищою, ніж у суміжних з пухлиною нормальних тканинах. Виявлено вірогідну асоціацію між експресією РЕβ та рівнем диференціювання пухлини, а також наявністю жовчних каменів (p &lt; 0,05). Переважна експресія РЕβ спостерігалася у випадках II та III стадій захворювання. Висновки. Експресія РЕβ при РЖМ, яка пов’язана з рівнем диференціювання пухлини, може свідчити про потенційне прогностичне значення цього маркера. PH Akademperiodyka 2026-08-21 Article Article application/pdf https://exp-oncology.com.ua/index.php/Exp/article/view/648 10.15407/exp-oncology.2026.02.139 Experimental Oncology; Vol. 48 No. 2 (2026): Experimental Oncology; 139-145 Експериментальна онкологія; Том 48 № 2 (2026): Експериментальна онкологія; 139-145 2312-8852 1812-9269 10.15407/exp-oncology.2026.02 en https://exp-oncology.com.ua/index.php/Exp/article/view/648/474 Copyright (c) 2026 Experimental Oncology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| spellingShingle | рак жовчного міхура рецептор естрогену рецептор прогестерону HER2/neu рецептор естрогену бета. Mishra, Deepti Krishna, Akhilesh Sameer, Priyanka Ghosh, Shreshtha Kumar, Durgesh Verma, Ankur ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА |
| title | ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА |
| title_alt | EXPRESSION PATTERNS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR, PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR, AND HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2/neu IN GALLBLADDER CANCER |
| title_full | ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА |
| title_fullStr | ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА |
| title_full_unstemmed | ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА |
| title_short | ПАТЕРНИ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕЦЕПТОРА ЕСТРОГЕНУ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ТА РЕЦЕПТОРА 2/NEU ЕПІДЕРМАЛЬНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТУ ПРИ РАКУ ЖОВЧНОГО МІХУРА |
| title_sort | патерни експресії та клінічне значення рецептора естрогену, рецептора прогестерону та рецептора 2/neu епідермального фактора росту при раку жовчного міхура |
| topic | рак жовчного міхура рецептор естрогену рецептор прогестерону HER2/neu рецептор естрогену бета. |
| topic_facet | рак жовчного міхура рецептор естрогену рецептор прогестерону HER2/neu рецептор естрогену бета. gallbladder cancer estrogen receptor progesterone receptor HER2/neu estrogen receptor beta |
| url | https://exp-oncology.com.ua/index.php/Exp/article/view/648 |
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