Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми
Introduction In conditions of global climate change and increasing aridity, the weakening of pine forests has been observed. In the last 10–15 years a new threat for pine forests of Ukraine has appeared, namely a lesion by a semi-parasitic species pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacu...
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| Datum: | 2023 |
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Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM)
2023
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| Online Zugang: | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/376 |
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| author | Orlov , O. O. Zhukovskyi, O. V. Borodavka , V. O. Borodavka, O. B. Shevchuk , V. V. Mateychyk , V. I. Arvat , L. S. |
| author_facet | Orlov , O. O. Zhukovskyi, O. V. Borodavka , V. O. Borodavka, O. B. Shevchuk , V. V. Mateychyk , V. I. Arvat , L. S. |
| author_sort | Orlov , O. O. |
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| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-09-04T11:54:54Z |
| description | Introduction
In conditions of global climate change and increasing aridity, the weakening of pine forests has been observed. In the last 10–15 years a new threat for pine forests of Ukraine has appeared, namely a lesion by a semi-parasitic species pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.).
The purpose of the study was to analyze the main biological and ecological traits of pine mistletoe, to identify the areas of its vast distribution in the pine forests of Ukraine, and to evaluate the main indexes, productivity, and forest health of the pine stands affected by mistletoe.
Materials and Methods
We analysed herbarium collections, literary data, floristic databases, and databases of forest health surveys of pine stands affected by pine mistletoe. We also used methods of forest science and comparative ecology.
Results
Nowadays pine mistletoe is typically classified as a subspecies of white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.), as confirmed via molecular-genetic study. It primarily grows on crown branches of coniferous trees, such as various Pinus L. species. It can also be found on Picea A. Dietr. and Larix Mill. branches, although this is less common. In Ukraine, the species has only been observed growing on Scots pine. Pine mistletoe is an ornitochore, and its seeds are primarily dispersed by birds, including Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758, Bombycilla garrulus Linnaeus, 1758, and Sylvia atricapilla Linnaeus, 1758. Research shows that pine mistletoe primarily colonizes dominant trees with large crowns and roots in pine stands. It is important to note that this species demonstrates specificity in host selection.
The first reports of pine mistletoe in Ukraine were recorded in the 1940s to 1950s in Polissia. Currently, pine stands infected by pine mistletoe have been found in various regions of the country: the zone of mixed forests, Polissia region, physical-geographical areas of Volyn Polissia, Zhytomyr Polissia, Kyiv Polissia, and Chernihiv Polissia. Additionally, occurrences have been noted in the Forest-Steppe zone, Podilsko-Prydniprovsky region, Kyiv highland area, and Central-Prydniprovsky highland area. According to our estimates, the pine mistletoe has infected a total area of roughly 13,500 hectares of pine forests. This comprises approximately 2,100 hectares in Polissia and 11,400 hectares in the Forest-Steppe zone.
The majority of the infested stands consist of overmature (54%), pure pine stands (72%), with high growth classes (57%) and average density (67%).
Pine mistletoe is distributed in the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, in particular in nature reserves Rivnensky, Cheremsky, Polisky and Drevliansky; national natural parks Shatsky, Holosiyvsky, Prypiat-Stokhid; the botanical reserve of the state significance Lisnyky, the botanical reserves of the local significance Mykhailivsky and Dakhnivsky, the zoological reserve of the local significance Imshan, the landscape reserve of the local significance Obukhivsky. Currently the pine mistletoe control in Ukraine is hampered due to the fact that in Volyn Region and Zhytomyr Region it is included into the lists of rare and protected plant species.
Conclusions
Now in Ukraine, there is a lack of data on the distribution and area of pine stands infected by pine mistletoe as well as the dynamics of species spreading in the last 5–10 years. Besides, there is no data concerning the influence of the species on the health state and productivity of pine stands. Thus, the infection of pine forests by pine mistletoe should be considered on the national level. Colonization of pine by mistletoe decreases the vitality of infected trees, which leads to the defoliation and the death of shoots, and a decrease in annual growth. During a drought, it can bring about the death of the whole host tree. In Ukraine, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive study of pine mistletoe in pine forests which, in turn, should result in appropriate forest management measures for the pine stands affected by Viscum album ssp. austriacum.
5 Figs., 58 Refs. |
| first_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:03:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-376 |
| institution | Forestry and Forest Melioration |
| language | Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:03:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-3762023-09-04T11:54:54Z Pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) in pine forests of Ukraine: current state of the problem Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми Orlov , O. O. Zhukovskyi, O. V. Borodavka , V. O. Borodavka, O. B. Shevchuk , V. V. Mateychyk , V. I. Arvat , L. S. semi-parasite distribution ornitochory Scots pine stand indicators health condition nature reserve fund напівпаразит поширення орнітохорія сосна звичайна , таксаційні показники санітарний стан природно-заповідний фонд Introduction In conditions of global climate change and increasing aridity, the weakening of pine forests has been observed. In the last 10–15 years a new threat for pine forests of Ukraine has appeared, namely a lesion by a semi-parasitic species pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.). The purpose of the study was to analyze the main biological and ecological traits of pine mistletoe, to identify the areas of its vast distribution in the pine forests of Ukraine, and to evaluate the main indexes, productivity, and forest health of the pine stands affected by mistletoe. Materials and Methods We analysed herbarium collections, literary data, floristic databases, and databases of forest health surveys of pine stands affected by pine mistletoe. We also used methods of forest science and comparative ecology. Results Nowadays pine mistletoe is typically classified as a subspecies of white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.), as confirmed via molecular-genetic study. It primarily grows on crown branches of coniferous trees, such as various Pinus L. species. It can also be found on Picea A. Dietr. and Larix Mill. branches, although this is less common. In Ukraine, the species has only been observed growing on Scots pine. Pine mistletoe is an ornitochore, and its seeds are primarily dispersed by birds, including Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758, Bombycilla garrulus Linnaeus, 1758, and Sylvia atricapilla Linnaeus, 1758. Research shows that pine mistletoe primarily colonizes dominant trees with large crowns and roots in pine stands. It is important to note that this species demonstrates specificity in host selection. The first reports of pine mistletoe in Ukraine were recorded in the 1940s to 1950s in Polissia. Currently, pine stands infected by pine mistletoe have been found in various regions of the country: the zone of mixed forests, Polissia region, physical-geographical areas of Volyn Polissia, Zhytomyr Polissia, Kyiv Polissia, and Chernihiv Polissia. Additionally, occurrences have been noted in the Forest-Steppe zone, Podilsko-Prydniprovsky region, Kyiv highland area, and Central-Prydniprovsky highland area. According to our estimates, the pine mistletoe has infected a total area of roughly 13,500 hectares of pine forests. This comprises approximately 2,100 hectares in Polissia and 11,400 hectares in the Forest-Steppe zone. The majority of the infested stands consist of overmature (54%), pure pine stands (72%), with high growth classes (57%) and average density (67%). Pine mistletoe is distributed in the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, in particular in nature reserves Rivnensky, Cheremsky, Polisky and Drevliansky; national natural parks Shatsky, Holosiyvsky, Prypiat-Stokhid; the botanical reserve of the state significance Lisnyky, the botanical reserves of the local significance Mykhailivsky and Dakhnivsky, the zoological reserve of the local significance Imshan, the landscape reserve of the local significance Obukhivsky. Currently the pine mistletoe control in Ukraine is hampered due to the fact that in Volyn Region and Zhytomyr Region it is included into the lists of rare and protected plant species. Conclusions Now in Ukraine, there is a lack of data on the distribution and area of pine stands infected by pine mistletoe as well as the dynamics of species spreading in the last 5–10 years. Besides, there is no data concerning the influence of the species on the health state and productivity of pine stands. Thus, the infection of pine forests by pine mistletoe should be considered on the national level. Colonization of pine by mistletoe decreases the vitality of infected trees, which leads to the defoliation and the death of shoots, and a decrease in annual growth. During a drought, it can bring about the death of the whole host tree. In Ukraine, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive study of pine mistletoe in pine forests which, in turn, should result in appropriate forest management measures for the pine stands affected by Viscum album ssp. austriacum. 5 Figs., 58 Refs. Проаналізовано матеріали та базу даних щодо поширення омели австрійської в соснових лісах України. Нині омелу австрійську вважають підвидом омели білої (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.). Вона розвивається переважно на гілках крони хвойних порід: багатьох видів роду сосна, значно рідше – видів родів ялина та модрина. Поширення насіння омели австрійської пов’язане переважно з двома видами птахів – дроздом-омелюхом та омелюхом. Поширення омели в Україні є дуже фрагментарним: зона мішаних лісів (Поліський край, фізико-географічні області Волинського Полісся, Житомирського Полісся, Київського Полісся та Чернігівського Полісся) і лісостепова зона (Подільсько-Придніпровський край, Київська та Центрально-придніпровська височинні області). За нашою оцінкою, в Україні сумарна площа соснових лісів, уражених омелою австрійською, сягає близько 13 500 га. Вона переважно уражує чисті за складом високобонітетні середньоповнотні перестійні сосняки. Омела в соснових насадженнях насамперед колонізує домінантні дерева. Обмежене лісокористування сприяє поширенню омели, особливо на території об’єктів природно-заповідного фонду й лісів зелених зон міст. Ураження соснових лісів омелою австрійською слід визнати загальнодержавною проблемою. Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) 2023-06-29 Article Article application/pdf https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/376 10.33220/1026-3365.142.2023.124 Forestry and Forest Melioration; No. 142 (2023): Forestry and Forest Melioration; 124-135 Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; № 142 (2023): Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; 124-135 2663-4147 1026-3365 10.33220/1026-3365.142.2023 uk https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/376/344 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | напівпаразит поширення орнітохорія сосна звичайна таксаційні показники санітарний стан природно-заповідний фонд Orlov , O. O. Zhukovskyi, O. V. Borodavka , V. O. Borodavka, O. B. Shevchuk , V. V. Mateychyk , V. I. Arvat , L. S. Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми |
| title | Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми |
| title_alt | Pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) in pine forests of Ukraine: current state of the problem |
| title_full | Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми |
| title_fullStr | Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми |
| title_full_unstemmed | Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми |
| title_short | Омела австрійська (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) у соснових лісах України: сучасний стан проблеми |
| title_sort | омела австрійська (viscum album ssp. austriacum (wiesb.) vollm.) у соснових лісах україни: сучасний стан проблеми |
| topic | напівпаразит поширення орнітохорія сосна звичайна таксаційні показники санітарний стан природно-заповідний фонд |
| topic_facet | semi-parasite distribution ornitochory Scots pine stand indicators health condition nature reserve fund напівпаразит поширення орнітохорія сосна звичайна таксаційні показники санітарний стан природно-заповідний фонд |
| url | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/376 |
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