Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини
Introduction Tilia cordata Mill., 1768 is widespread in European forests, as well as in shelterbelts and urban plantings. In urban ecosystems, changes in light and temperature, restricted root development, and air pollution influence both the spread of pests and the trees’ response to damage. These...
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| Дата: | 2024 |
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| Автори: | , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Українська |
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Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM)
2024
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| Назва журналу: | Forestry and Forest Melioration |
Репозитарії
Forestry and Forest Melioration| _version_ | 1856543497625010176 |
|---|---|
| author | Skrylnyk, Y. Y. Kukina, O. M. Zinchenko, O. V. Vlasenko, N. O. Turenko, V. P. |
| author_facet | Skrylnyk, Y. Y. Kukina, O. M. Zinchenko, O. V. Vlasenko, N. O. Turenko, V. P. |
| author_sort | Skrylnyk, Y. Y. |
| baseUrl_str | |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2025-05-14T18:03:13Z |
| description | Introduction
Tilia cordata Mill., 1768 is widespread in European forests, as well as in shelterbelts and urban plantings. In urban ecosystems, changes in light and temperature, restricted root development, and air pollution influence both the spread of pests and the trees’ response to damage. These effects are often reflected in leaf appearance. For instance, technogenic air pollution manifests as leaf burns, fungal infections appear as spots of various shapes and colors, and insect damage includes gnaws, mines, punctures, galls, etc. Some species of fungi, mites, and insects increase reproduction only up to a certain level of pollution, while others generally avoid colonizing leaves under such conditions.
Studies conducted in various regions show a greater diversity of arthropod species in natural habitats compared to street plantings and a decrease in the proportion of species with an open lifestyle as technogenic load increases. However, the composition of insect, mite, and fungal species depends on factors such as geographic location, annual weather conditions, and the phase in the cyclical population dynamics, highlighting the need for further research.
This study aimed to identify the causes of foliar damage in T. cordata and to assess the prevalence and severity of their effects in relation to the type of planting, thus making it possible to use trees as bioindicators of anthropogenic stress.
Materials and Methods
Our research was carried out in 2018–2021 in forests, forest parks, parks, courtyards, and street plantings in the Kharkiv region and the city of Kharkiv. In July-August, leaves were randomly collected from the upper, middle, and lower canopy layers. During the cameral analysis, leaves were grouped according to the following damage types: “gnaws” (caused by insects with gnawing mouthparts and an open lifestyle), “mines” (galleries inside leaf tissues), “punctures” (caused by sucking insects), “galls” (tissue growths caused by insects or mites), “spots” (caused by phytopathogenic fungi), and “burns” (resulting from anthropogenic air pollution). The prevalence of each type of leaf damage was calculated as the percentage of leaves exhibiting specific symptoms within different planting types. The severity of leaf damage was calculated as the proportion of damaged leaf area (%), estimated with an accuracy of 5%. The average rate of leaf surface removal (leaf loss) was determined as the product of the first two indices and the average proportion of leaf damage in stands of a given type.
Results and Conclusions
On the leaves of Tilia cordata (Mill) “gnaws”, “mines”, “punctures”, and “galls” caused by arthropods, as well as “spots” of fungal lesions and “burns” from air pollutants were identified. Arthropods were represented by two species of the class Arachnida and 10 species of the class Insecta. These species belong to 9 genera, 7 families, 4 orders, with 5 species classified as monophages. On average 21.5±1.84 % of leaves exhibited damage, with “gnaws”: (9.8±1.33 %) and “galls” (5.8±1.05 %) being the most prevalent. The prevalence and intensity of “gnaws” decreased in the following order: Forest – Forest Park – Parks – Courtyards and Streets. “Galls” were most prevalent in parks, while “mines” were found only in the first three types of plantings. “Punctures” were most frequent in courtyard and street plantings, while “spots” were prevalent in forests, the Forest Park, and parks. “Burns” were found only in street plantings. The greatest loss of leaves in forest stands was caused by gnawing insects (8.9 %) and leaf miners (3.45 %). The greatest loss of leaves by insects causing “punctures” was found in courtyards and parks (0.45 % and 0.41 %, respectively). Gall-forming insects caused the most significant leaf loss in parks (3.1 %), while fungal “spots” contributed to 0.47 % leaf loss in parks. The highest leaf loss due to air pollution-induced “burns” was recorded in street plantings (0.6 %).
10 Figs., 1 Table, 27 Refs. |
| first_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:04:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-433 |
| institution | Forestry and Forest Melioration |
| language | Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:04:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-4332025-05-14T18:03:13Z Prevalence and severity of Tilia cordata Mill. foliage damage in urban and forest plantings of Kharkiv region Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини Skrylnyk, Y. Y. Kukina, O. M. Zinchenko, O. V. Vlasenko, N. O. Turenko, V. P. anthropogenic load types of plantings phyllophagous insects leaf spots leaf burns антропогенне навантаження типи насаджень комахи-філофаги плямистість листя опіки листя Introduction Tilia cordata Mill., 1768 is widespread in European forests, as well as in shelterbelts and urban plantings. In urban ecosystems, changes in light and temperature, restricted root development, and air pollution influence both the spread of pests and the trees’ response to damage. These effects are often reflected in leaf appearance. For instance, technogenic air pollution manifests as leaf burns, fungal infections appear as spots of various shapes and colors, and insect damage includes gnaws, mines, punctures, galls, etc. Some species of fungi, mites, and insects increase reproduction only up to a certain level of pollution, while others generally avoid colonizing leaves under such conditions. Studies conducted in various regions show a greater diversity of arthropod species in natural habitats compared to street plantings and a decrease in the proportion of species with an open lifestyle as technogenic load increases. However, the composition of insect, mite, and fungal species depends on factors such as geographic location, annual weather conditions, and the phase in the cyclical population dynamics, highlighting the need for further research. This study aimed to identify the causes of foliar damage in T. cordata and to assess the prevalence and severity of their effects in relation to the type of planting, thus making it possible to use trees as bioindicators of anthropogenic stress. Materials and Methods Our research was carried out in 2018–2021 in forests, forest parks, parks, courtyards, and street plantings in the Kharkiv region and the city of Kharkiv. In July-August, leaves were randomly collected from the upper, middle, and lower canopy layers. During the cameral analysis, leaves were grouped according to the following damage types: “gnaws” (caused by insects with gnawing mouthparts and an open lifestyle), “mines” (galleries inside leaf tissues), “punctures” (caused by sucking insects), “galls” (tissue growths caused by insects or mites), “spots” (caused by phytopathogenic fungi), and “burns” (resulting from anthropogenic air pollution). The prevalence of each type of leaf damage was calculated as the percentage of leaves exhibiting specific symptoms within different planting types. The severity of leaf damage was calculated as the proportion of damaged leaf area (%), estimated with an accuracy of 5%. The average rate of leaf surface removal (leaf loss) was determined as the product of the first two indices and the average proportion of leaf damage in stands of a given type. Results and Conclusions On the leaves of Tilia cordata (Mill) “gnaws”, “mines”, “punctures”, and “galls” caused by arthropods, as well as “spots” of fungal lesions and “burns” from air pollutants were identified. Arthropods were represented by two species of the class Arachnida and 10 species of the class Insecta. These species belong to 9 genera, 7 families, 4 orders, with 5 species classified as monophages. On average 21.5±1.84 % of leaves exhibited damage, with “gnaws”: (9.8±1.33 %) and “galls” (5.8±1.05 %) being the most prevalent. The prevalence and intensity of “gnaws” decreased in the following order: Forest – Forest Park – Parks – Courtyards and Streets. “Galls” were most prevalent in parks, while “mines” were found only in the first three types of plantings. “Punctures” were most frequent in courtyard and street plantings, while “spots” were prevalent in forests, the Forest Park, and parks. “Burns” were found only in street plantings. The greatest loss of leaves in forest stands was caused by gnawing insects (8.9 %) and leaf miners (3.45 %). The greatest loss of leaves by insects causing “punctures” was found in courtyards and parks (0.45 % and 0.41 %, respectively). Gall-forming insects caused the most significant leaf loss in parks (3.1 %), while fungal “spots” contributed to 0.47 % leaf loss in parks. The highest leaf loss due to air pollution-induced “burns” was recorded in street plantings (0.6 %). 10 Figs., 1 Table, 27 Refs. На листі Tilia cordata (Mill) визначено «погризи», «міни», «уколи», «гали», спричинені членистоногими, а також «плями» грибних уражень і «опіки» від дії забруднювачів повітря. Членистоногі презентовані двома видами класу Arachnida і 10 видами класу Insecta. Визначені види належать до 9 родів 7 родин 4 рядів, причому 5 видів є монофагами. Пошкоджені листки становили в середньому 21,5±1,84 % з переважанням «погризів» (9,8±1,33 %) і «галів» (5,8±1,05 %). Поширеність та інтенсивність прояву «погризів» зменшувалися в ряді Ліс – Лісопарк – Парки – Двори та Вулиці. Поширеність галів була найбільшою в парках. Міни виявлено лише у насадженнях перших трьох типів. Поширеність уколів була найбільшою у дворових і вуличних насадженнях, плямистостей листя – у лісових насадженнях, Лісопарку і парках. Опіки листя виявлено лише у вуличних насадженнях. Найбільше вилучення листя в лісових насадженнях спричиняли комахи, що спричиняють погризи (8,9 %), та мінери (3,45 %). Найбільше вилучення листя комахами, що спричиняють уколи, відмічено у дворах і парках (0,45 і 0,41 % відповідно), галоутворювачами – у парках (3,1 %), внаслідок розвитку плямистостей – у парках (0,47 %), опіків листя – у вуличних насадженнях (0,6 %). Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) 2024-12-27 Article Article application/pdf https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/433 10.33220/1026-3365.145.2024.123 Forestry and Forest Melioration; No. 145 (2024): Forestry and Forest Melioration; 123-133 Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; № 145 (2024): Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; 123-133 2663-4147 1026-3365 10.33220/1026-3365.145.2024 uk https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/433/390 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | антропогенне навантаження типи насаджень комахи-філофаги плямистість листя опіки листя Skrylnyk, Y. Y. Kukina, O. M. Zinchenko, O. V. Vlasenko, N. O. Turenko, V. P. Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини |
| title | Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини |
| title_alt | Prevalence and severity of Tilia cordata Mill. foliage damage in urban and forest plantings of Kharkiv region |
| title_full | Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини |
| title_fullStr | Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини |
| title_full_unstemmed | Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини |
| title_short | Поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя Tilia cordata Mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях Харківщини |
| title_sort | поширеність та інтенсивність пошкодження листя tilia cordata mill. у міських і лісових насадженнях харківщини |
| topic | антропогенне навантаження типи насаджень комахи-філофаги плямистість листя опіки листя |
| topic_facet | anthropogenic load types of plantings phyllophagous insects leaf spots leaf burns антропогенне навантаження типи насаджень комахи-філофаги плямистість листя опіки листя |
| url | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/433 |
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