Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край»
Introduction The problem of Norway spruce forest dieback in the Ukrainian Carpathians is evident. In the Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park (hereinafter referred to as the NNP), secondary Norway spruce forests occupy 380.2 hectares, representing 6.6% of the forest-covered area. Studies on the co...
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| Дата: | 2025 |
|---|---|
| Автор: | |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Українська |
| Опубліковано: |
Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM)
2025
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| Онлайн доступ: | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/457 |
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| Назва журналу: | Forestry and Forest Melioration |
Репозитарії
Forestry and Forest Melioration| _version_ | 1856543507517276160 |
|---|---|
| author | Shyshkanynets, I. F. |
| author_facet | Shyshkanynets, I. F. |
| author_sort | Shyshkanynets, I. F. |
| baseUrl_str | |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-01-13T15:06:47Z |
| description | Introduction
The problem of Norway spruce forest dieback in the Ukrainian Carpathians is evident. In the Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park (hereinafter referred to as the NNP), secondary Norway spruce forests occupy 380.2 hectares, representing 6.6% of the forest-covered area. Studies on the condition of secondary spruce stands in the NNP began in 2020, when nine permanent sample plots (PSPs) were established. It was found that the age of quantitative maturity of secondary spruce stands occurs at 50–55 years, which is approximately five years earlier than reported in studies conducted in the 1980s. According to current regulatory documents, the maturity age of secondary spruce stands is 61–70 years.
Thіs study aimed to identify trends in changes in the health condition of secondary Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands in beech-type forests within the Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park.
Materials and Methods
Repeated assessments were conducted on the permanent sample plots established in 2020. Detailed descriptions of the study sites and methods are provided in Shyshkanynets et al. (2021). In 2025, remeasurements were carried out on six PSPs (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). Plots 1, 3, and 9 were not remeasured because the tree stands there were identical to those of PSP 2.
Results
A pronounced deterioration in the health condition of secondary spruce stands was observed. In 2020, the average proportion of dead spruce trees across the sample plots was 63.5%, increasing to 85.8% in 2025. Excluding PSP 5, the proportion of dead spruce trees reached 97.0%. In PSPs 2 and 8, all spruce trees were dead (health condition index = 6.0), while in PSPs 4, 6, and 7, dead spruce trees were recorded sporadically (the spruce health condition index = 5.7–5.9). The average age of spruce trees on the studied sample plots ranged from 55 to 72 years. In 2025, the proportion of broken dead trunks (with stem height greater than or equal to 1.3 m) accounted for 35–45%, indicating advanced stand degradation.
As a result of dieback, complete mortality of spruce stands occurred in sites that had a pure spruce composition (100%) in 2020 (PSPs 2 and 9). In the stands with a spruce proportion of 70–80%, in 2020 (PSPs 7 and 8), sparse beech forests developed, with relative densities of stocking of 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. In sites with spruce accounting for only 30–40% in 2020 (PSPs 4 and 6), the tree stand changed to a beech-dominated one with an admixture of maple, which is typical for beech-type forests.
Conclusions
The proportion of dead spruce trees increased from 63.5% in 2020 to 97.0% in 2025, indicating mass dieback and degradation of secondary spruce stands at the age of maturity (60–70 years) under the influence of abiotic and biotic factors. In areas formerly occupied by pure spruce stands, successional processes involving pioneer species (birch, rowan, etc.) and spruce regeneration are underway. In secondary spruce stands with a beech proportion of 20–30%, sparse beech forests have formed, accompanied by pioneer species and spruce undergrowth. Where the parent stand contained six or more units of beech, no pronounced succession changes were observed.
1 Fig., 2 Tables, 13 Refs. |
| first_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:04:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-457 |
| institution | Forestry and Forest Melioration |
| language | Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-02-08T08:04:19Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-4572026-01-13T15:06:47Z Monitoring of secondary Norway spruce stands condition in the Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край» Shyshkanynets, I. F. health condition health condition index standing dead trees forest succession natural regeneration санітарний стан індекс санітарного стану сухостійні дерева сукцесія підріст Introduction The problem of Norway spruce forest dieback in the Ukrainian Carpathians is evident. In the Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park (hereinafter referred to as the NNP), secondary Norway spruce forests occupy 380.2 hectares, representing 6.6% of the forest-covered area. Studies on the condition of secondary spruce stands in the NNP began in 2020, when nine permanent sample plots (PSPs) were established. It was found that the age of quantitative maturity of secondary spruce stands occurs at 50–55 years, which is approximately five years earlier than reported in studies conducted in the 1980s. According to current regulatory documents, the maturity age of secondary spruce stands is 61–70 years. Thіs study aimed to identify trends in changes in the health condition of secondary Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands in beech-type forests within the Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park. Materials and Methods Repeated assessments were conducted on the permanent sample plots established in 2020. Detailed descriptions of the study sites and methods are provided in Shyshkanynets et al. (2021). In 2025, remeasurements were carried out on six PSPs (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). Plots 1, 3, and 9 were not remeasured because the tree stands there were identical to those of PSP 2. Results A pronounced deterioration in the health condition of secondary spruce stands was observed. In 2020, the average proportion of dead spruce trees across the sample plots was 63.5%, increasing to 85.8% in 2025. Excluding PSP 5, the proportion of dead spruce trees reached 97.0%. In PSPs 2 and 8, all spruce trees were dead (health condition index = 6.0), while in PSPs 4, 6, and 7, dead spruce trees were recorded sporadically (the spruce health condition index = 5.7–5.9). The average age of spruce trees on the studied sample plots ranged from 55 to 72 years. In 2025, the proportion of broken dead trunks (with stem height greater than or equal to 1.3 m) accounted for 35–45%, indicating advanced stand degradation. As a result of dieback, complete mortality of spruce stands occurred in sites that had a pure spruce composition (100%) in 2020 (PSPs 2 and 9). In the stands with a spruce proportion of 70–80%, in 2020 (PSPs 7 and 8), sparse beech forests developed, with relative densities of stocking of 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. In sites with spruce accounting for only 30–40% in 2020 (PSPs 4 and 6), the tree stand changed to a beech-dominated one with an admixture of maple, which is typical for beech-type forests. Conclusions The proportion of dead spruce trees increased from 63.5% in 2020 to 97.0% in 2025, indicating mass dieback and degradation of secondary spruce stands at the age of maturity (60–70 years) under the influence of abiotic and biotic factors. In areas formerly occupied by pure spruce stands, successional processes involving pioneer species (birch, rowan, etc.) and spruce regeneration are underway. In secondary spruce stands with a beech proportion of 20–30%, sparse beech forests have formed, accompanied by pioneer species and spruce undergrowth. Where the parent stand contained six or more units of beech, no pronounced succession changes were observed. 1 Fig., 2 Tables, 13 Refs. Національні природні парки є тими установами природно-заповідного фонду, на території яких здійнюють системні дослідження стану природних комплексів, екосистем і клімату. Дослідження стану похідних ялинових насаджень на території національного природного парку «Зачарований край» розпочалися у 2020 р. на дев’яти постійних пробних площах. У результаті досліджень виявлено тенденцію до істотного погіршення санітарного стану похідних ялинових насаджень. Зокрема, у 2020 р. середня частка сухостійних дерев ялини на пробних площах становила 63,5 %, у 2025 р. - 97,0 %. На місці чистих ялинових насаджень відбувається сукцесія за участю порід-піонерів (берези, горобини та інших) та підросту ялини. На місці похідних ялинових насаджень із часткою бука у складі материнського деревостану 2–3 одиниці з’являються рідини з участю бука й сукцесія за участю порід піонерів (берези, горобини та інших) та підросту ялини. За участі у складі материнського деревостану шести одиниць і більше бука сукцесійні зміни не відбуваються. Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) 2025-12-29 Article Article application/pdf https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/457 10.33220/1026-3365.147.2025.39 Forestry and Forest Melioration; No. 147 (2025): Forestry and Forest Melioration; 39-45 Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; № 147 (2025): Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; 39-45 2663-4147 1026-3365 10.33220/1026-3365.147.2025 uk https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/457/408 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | санітарний стан індекс санітарного стану сухостійні дерева сукцесія підріст Shyshkanynets, I. F. Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край» |
| title | Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край» |
| title_alt | Monitoring of secondary Norway spruce stands condition in the Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park |
| title_full | Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край» |
| title_fullStr | Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край» |
| title_full_unstemmed | Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край» |
| title_short | Моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «Зачарований край» |
| title_sort | моніторинг стану похідних ялинових насаджень у національному природному парку «зачарований край» |
| topic | санітарний стан індекс санітарного стану сухостійні дерева сукцесія підріст |
| topic_facet | health condition health condition index standing dead trees forest succession natural regeneration санітарний стан індекс санітарного стану сухостійні дерева сукцесія підріст |
| url | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/457 |
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