Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський»
Introduction The study of forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics was conducted in primeval forest communities formed by Picea abies (L.) Karst. The relevance of this research lies in the investigation of the forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics of spruce primeval fo...
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 2026 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | Ukrainisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM)
2026
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/467 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Forestry and Forest Melioration |
Institution
Forestry and Forest Melioration| _version_ | 1866573083255504896 |
|---|---|
| author | Debryniuk, V. Iu. Nechai, М. M. Kolyazhin, I. I. Lavnyy, V. V. Soroka, M. I. Debryniuk, Iu. M. |
| author_facet | Debryniuk, V. Iu. Nechai, М. M. Kolyazhin, I. I. Lavnyy, V. V. Soroka, M. I. Debryniuk, Iu. M. |
| author_sort | Debryniuk, V. Iu. |
| baseUrl_str | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-05-29T18:31:45Z |
| description | Introduction
The study of forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics was conducted in primeval forest communities formed by Picea abies (L.) Karst. The relevance of this research lies in the investigation of the forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics of spruce primeval forests as natural models of sustainable ecosystem functioning under current environmental conditions. The study of the productivity of primeval forest ecosystems is an important prerequisite for the implementation of close-to-nature forest management in other spruce stands, since primeval forests can serve as reference systems for the formation of biologically stable and highly productive forest communities. The aim of the study was to investigate the developmental processes of primeval forests involving Picea abies, their forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics, and the condition of primeval forest communities.
Materials and Methods
The study was conducted between June and September 2025 at three sites of spruce primeval forests located within the Verkhovynskyi National Nature Park. The research covered the altitudinal vegetation belt of spruce forests (Piceeta abietis) within the elevation range of 1000–1600 m above sea level under conditions of the high-mountain humid spruce forest site type. For the purposes of the study, sites were selected in primeval forest stands representing specific phases of their development. The mensurational and silvicultural characteristics of the stands were determined, including the presence of trees approaching the limit of physiological longevity, as well as standing deadwood and fallen deadwood at different stages of decomposition. In addition, the quantitative and species composition, as well as the spatial distribution of the shrub layer, seedlings, saplings, and herbaceous ground vegetation were examined within the study plots. The presence or absence of traces of anthropogenic influence was also assessed at each site. The health condition of the stands was evaluated according to four categories: healthy (without signs of weakening), weakened, severely weakened, and dying. The criteria and indicators applied in the assessment of the investigated spruce forest stands fully correspond to those established for primeval forest communities.
Results
The growing stock of living trees at the site representing the early stage of the ageing phase amounted to 588 m3·ha-1, at the site representing the late ageing phase – 596 m3·ha-1, and at the site representing the initial phase of stand breakdown – 545 m3·ha-1. The volume of standing deadwood was 24, 70 and 121 m3·ha-1, respectively. The stands are composed of three vertical layers. The first layer is formed by the tallest trees, often with the largest diameters. The second layer is weakly expressed but represented by trees of similar diameter (20–32 cm) and height (12–26 m). The third layer consists of the youngest generation of trees, with diameters of 8–18 cm and heights of 6–15 m. The largest volume of standing dead trees, both in terms of number (10–41 trees·ha-1) and stock (19–105 m3·ha-1), was recorded in the first layer, which is also the oldest. In the second (8–32 trees·ha-1) and third (10–38 trees·ha-1) layers, the number of standing dead trees was similar or even higher than in the first layer; however, due to the smaller size of the trees, the volume of deadwood was considerably lower (4–13 and 1–3 m3·ha-1, respectively). The number of regeneration individuals varies considerably and generally depends on the developmental phase of the stand: 4.8 thousand individuals·ha-1 (early ageing phase), 13.6 thousand individuals·ha-1 (late ageing phase), and 15.0 thousand individuals·ha-1 (initial breakdown phase). Another factor contributing to the high variability in regeneration density among the sites is the different intensity of herbaceous ground vegetation development, which depends on canopy closure and the level of light availability within the forest stand. Seedlings and saplings are mainly concentrated on fallen logs at the fourth stage of decomposition.
Conclusions
The studied old-growth spruce stands are characterized by natural origin, uneven-aged structure, the presence of trees approaching the limit of physiological longevity, the occurrence of seedlings and saplings, and fallen deadwood at all stages of decomposition. Trees representing all developmental stages are present, and no signs of anthropogenic disturbance were detected. Thus, these stands exhibit all the characteristics typical of primeval forest communities. The health condition of the stands depends on the developmental phase of the primeval forest community and varies from “healthy” (sample plot 12, early ageing phase) to “severely weakened” (sample plot 13, initial breakdown phase). The study of natural processes occurring in primeval forest ecosystems is an important prerequisite for the implementation of close-to-nature forest management, since primeval forests can serve as reference systems for the formation of biotically stable and highly productive forest communities.
9 Figs., 3 Tables, 26 Refs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.33220/1026-3365.148.2026.14 |
| first_indexed | 2026-05-30T01:00:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-467 |
| institution | Forestry and Forest Melioration |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-05-30T01:00:09Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua:article-4672026-05-29T18:31:45Z Structural and mensurational characteristics of spruce stands in primeval forest communities of the Verkhovynskyi National Nature Park Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський» Debryniuk, V. Iu. Nechai, М. M. Kolyazhin, I. I. Lavnyy, V. V. Soroka, M. I. Debryniuk, Iu. M. forest stand development phases standing deadwood coarse woody debris herbaceous cover деревостан фази розвитку сухостій деревна ламань травʼяне вкриття Introduction The study of forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics was conducted in primeval forest communities formed by Picea abies (L.) Karst. The relevance of this research lies in the investigation of the forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics of spruce primeval forests as natural models of sustainable ecosystem functioning under current environmental conditions. The study of the productivity of primeval forest ecosystems is an important prerequisite for the implementation of close-to-nature forest management in other spruce stands, since primeval forests can serve as reference systems for the formation of biologically stable and highly productive forest communities. The aim of the study was to investigate the developmental processes of primeval forests involving Picea abies, their forest mensurational and silvicultural characteristics, and the condition of primeval forest communities. Materials and Methods The study was conducted between June and September 2025 at three sites of spruce primeval forests located within the Verkhovynskyi National Nature Park. The research covered the altitudinal vegetation belt of spruce forests (Piceeta abietis) within the elevation range of 1000–1600 m above sea level under conditions of the high-mountain humid spruce forest site type. For the purposes of the study, sites were selected in primeval forest stands representing specific phases of their development. The mensurational and silvicultural characteristics of the stands were determined, including the presence of trees approaching the limit of physiological longevity, as well as standing deadwood and fallen deadwood at different stages of decomposition. In addition, the quantitative and species composition, as well as the spatial distribution of the shrub layer, seedlings, saplings, and herbaceous ground vegetation were examined within the study plots. The presence or absence of traces of anthropogenic influence was also assessed at each site. The health condition of the stands was evaluated according to four categories: healthy (without signs of weakening), weakened, severely weakened, and dying. The criteria and indicators applied in the assessment of the investigated spruce forest stands fully correspond to those established for primeval forest communities. Results The growing stock of living trees at the site representing the early stage of the ageing phase amounted to 588 m3·ha-1, at the site representing the late ageing phase – 596 m3·ha-1, and at the site representing the initial phase of stand breakdown – 545 m3·ha-1. The volume of standing deadwood was 24, 70 and 121 m3·ha-1, respectively. The stands are composed of three vertical layers. The first layer is formed by the tallest trees, often with the largest diameters. The second layer is weakly expressed but represented by trees of similar diameter (20–32 cm) and height (12–26 m). The third layer consists of the youngest generation of trees, with diameters of 8–18 cm and heights of 6–15 m. The largest volume of standing dead trees, both in terms of number (10–41 trees·ha-1) and stock (19–105 m3·ha-1), was recorded in the first layer, which is also the oldest. In the second (8–32 trees·ha-1) and third (10–38 trees·ha-1) layers, the number of standing dead trees was similar or even higher than in the first layer; however, due to the smaller size of the trees, the volume of deadwood was considerably lower (4–13 and 1–3 m3·ha-1, respectively). The number of regeneration individuals varies considerably and generally depends on the developmental phase of the stand: 4.8 thousand individuals·ha-1 (early ageing phase), 13.6 thousand individuals·ha-1 (late ageing phase), and 15.0 thousand individuals·ha-1 (initial breakdown phase). Another factor contributing to the high variability in regeneration density among the sites is the different intensity of herbaceous ground vegetation development, which depends on canopy closure and the level of light availability within the forest stand. Seedlings and saplings are mainly concentrated on fallen logs at the fourth stage of decomposition. Conclusions The studied old-growth spruce stands are characterized by natural origin, uneven-aged structure, the presence of trees approaching the limit of physiological longevity, the occurrence of seedlings and saplings, and fallen deadwood at all stages of decomposition. Trees representing all developmental stages are present, and no signs of anthropogenic disturbance were detected. Thus, these stands exhibit all the characteristics typical of primeval forest communities. The health condition of the stands depends on the developmental phase of the primeval forest community and varies from “healthy” (sample plot 12, early ageing phase) to “severely weakened” (sample plot 13, initial breakdown phase). The study of natural processes occurring in primeval forest ecosystems is an important prerequisite for the implementation of close-to-nature forest management, since primeval forests can serve as reference systems for the formation of biotically stable and highly productive forest communities. 9 Figs., 3 Tables, 26 Refs. Ялинові праліси характеризуються різновіковістю, присутністю дерев на межі фізіологічного розвитку, наявністю самосіву й підросту, деревної ламані усіх стадій розкладання, представництвом дерев усіх вікових стадій розвитку, відсутністю антропогенного впливу. Запас деревини живих дерев на ділянці, що презентує ранню фазу старіння, становить 588 м3 га-1, пізню фазу старіння – 596 м3 га-1, початкову фазу розпаду – 545 м3 га-1. Запас сухостою становить 24, 70 та 121 м3 га-1 відповідно. Перший ярус формують найвищі дерева Picea abies, часто – найбільшого діаметра. Другий ярус визначений слабко, презентований деревами подібних діаметрів (20–32 см) і висот (12–26 м). Третій ярус презентований наймолодшим поколінням – деревами діаметром 8–18 см і висотою 6–15 м. Найбільший об’єм сухостійних дерев як за кількістю (10–41 екз. га-1), так і за запасом (19–105 м3 га-1) виявлено в першому ярусі. У другому (8–32 екз. га-1) і третьому (10–38 екз. га-1) ярусах кількість сухостійних екземплярів, як порівняти з першим ярусом, була подібною або навіть більшою, однак запаси сухостою внаслідок менших розмірів дерев тут були значно нижчими (4–13 та 1–3 м3 га-1 відповідно). Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky (URIFFM) 2026-05-29 Article Article application/pdf https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/467 10.33220/1026-3365.148.2026.14 Forestry and Forest Melioration; No. 148 (2026): Forestry and Forest Melioration; 14-27 Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; № 148 (2026): Лісівництво і Агролісомеліорація; 14-27 2663-4147 1026-3365 10.33220/1026-3365.148.2026 uk https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/467/438 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | деревостан фази розвитку сухостій деревна ламань травʼяне вкриття Debryniuk, V. Iu. Nechai, М. M. Kolyazhin, I. I. Lavnyy, V. V. Soroka, M. I. Debryniuk, Iu. M. Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський» |
| title | Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський» |
| title_alt | Structural and mensurational characteristics of spruce stands in primeval forest communities of the Verkhovynskyi National Nature Park |
| title_full | Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський» |
| title_fullStr | Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський» |
| title_full_unstemmed | Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський» |
| title_short | Структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях НПП «Верховинський» |
| title_sort | структурно-таксаційна характеристика ялинових лісостанів у пралісових угрупованнях нпп «верховинський» |
| topic | деревостан фази розвитку сухостій деревна ламань травʼяне вкриття |
| topic_facet | forest stand development phases standing deadwood coarse woody debris herbaceous cover деревостан фази розвитку сухостій деревна ламань травʼяне вкриття |
| url | https://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/467 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT debryniukviu structuralandmensurationalcharacteristicsofsprucestandsinprimevalforestcommunitiesoftheverkhovynskyinationalnaturepark AT nechaimm structuralandmensurationalcharacteristicsofsprucestandsinprimevalforestcommunitiesoftheverkhovynskyinationalnaturepark AT kolyazhinii structuralandmensurationalcharacteristicsofsprucestandsinprimevalforestcommunitiesoftheverkhovynskyinationalnaturepark AT lavnyyvv structuralandmensurationalcharacteristicsofsprucestandsinprimevalforestcommunitiesoftheverkhovynskyinationalnaturepark AT sorokami structuralandmensurationalcharacteristicsofsprucestandsinprimevalforestcommunitiesoftheverkhovynskyinationalnaturepark AT debryniukium structuralandmensurationalcharacteristicsofsprucestandsinprimevalforestcommunitiesoftheverkhovynskyinationalnaturepark AT debryniukviu strukturnotaksacíjnaharakteristikaâlinovihlísostanívupralísovihugrupovannâhnppverhovinsʹkij AT nechaimm strukturnotaksacíjnaharakteristikaâlinovihlísostanívupralísovihugrupovannâhnppverhovinsʹkij AT kolyazhinii strukturnotaksacíjnaharakteristikaâlinovihlísostanívupralísovihugrupovannâhnppverhovinsʹkij AT lavnyyvv strukturnotaksacíjnaharakteristikaâlinovihlísostanívupralísovihugrupovannâhnppverhovinsʹkij AT sorokami strukturnotaksacíjnaharakteristikaâlinovihlísostanívupralísovihugrupovannâhnppverhovinsʹkij AT debryniukium strukturnotaksacíjnaharakteristikaâlinovihlísostanívupralísovihugrupovannâhnppverhovinsʹkij |