ДОСВІД КРАЇН ЄС З РОЗВИТКУ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ ТА СКОРОЧЕННЯ СПОЖИВАННЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ

• Datum: 2022
• Hauptverfasser: Geletukha, G.G., Zheliezna, T.A., Drahniev, S.V., Haidai, O.I.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainian
• Veröffentlicht: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine 2022
• Online Zugang: https://ihe.nas.gov.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/490
• Назва журналу: Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering

The aim of the work is to analyse the experience of EU countries in reducing the consumption of natural gas and other fossil fuels, the development of renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency in order to determine the most effective measures for their implementation in Ukraine. In the last months before the start of Russia's war against Ukraine, there was a significant increase and fluctuations in natural gas prices in Europe. After a period of some stabilization, there was a sharp surge in prices with a peak of up to 2300 EUR/1000 m3 in the first half of March 2022 (TTF gas hub data). By mid-April 2022, the gas price dropped to 1000…1100 EUR/1000 m3, however there is no objective reason for its further reduction. The urgent task for the European Union and for Ukraine is to completely reject Russian natural gas. It is likely that even after switching to other potential suppliers (such as Qatar or the United States for exporting liquefied natural gas), the prices will not fall due to reduced supply of Russian gas in the market and increased competition for this energy source. Among the priority measures to replace Russian natural gas, most experts name the large-scale development of renewable energy sources and the implementation of energy efficiency measures. It is important to note that biomethane and all types of solid biomass are becoming fully competitive with natural gas at the current prices from an economic point of view. For many years, the European Union has been pursuing a comprehensive and consistent policy of reducing fossil fuel consumption, developing renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. Currently, the EU countries are making significant efforts to ensure the overall decarbonisation of the economy, a significant part of which is the decarbonisation of energy. Perspective areas include the introduction of production and consumption of biomethane, renewable hydrogen, and second-generation biofuels, as well as electrification of transport and industry.