ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНІ ТЕПЛОТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ТА ОБЛАДНАННЯ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТЕПЛОТИ З ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ

• Datum: 2022
• 1. Verfasser: Sniezhkin, Yu.F.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainian
• Veröffentlicht: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine 2022
• Online Zugang: https://ihe.nas.gov.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/507
• Назва журналу: Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering

            Measures to increase energy efficiency and energy saving make it possible to reduce the energy intensity of economic development and the load on infrastructure, thus strengthening the energy security of the country.             The choice of a rational method of transformation (fuel consumption) aimed at increasing the return of energy to the final consumer is the main thing in energy efficiency. The main generalizing criterion of efficiency is the coefficient of use of primary energy. The analysis of this coefficient shows, that it is the highest in the steam compression heat pump (HP) ƞ = 0,6…2,3. It is achieved by a HP due to the use of low-potential heat from renewable energy sources.             For the first time in Ukraine, the Institute developed and implemented heat pump technology for hot water supply in Kramatorsk, which made it possible to save 1.5 million m3 of gas per year.             Also, for the first time in Ukraine, heat pump dryers for dehydrating seeds and fruit-vegetable raw materials were created, the energy consumption of which is significantly less, than in existing analogues. Dryers have been introduced in Ukraine and Vietnam.             The technically achievable potential from the introduction of HP in Ukraine is 31.3 billion kWh/year, which is equivalent to more than 4.2 billion m3 of gas.             A cogeneration geothermal station with a gas piston engine for the use of gas-saturated thermal waters was developed and implemented at the Institute. The thermal power of the station is 0.76 MW, the electric power is 60 kW.             The annual technically achievable energy potential of geothermal waters in Ukraine is about 13.5 thousand KWh/year thermal and 2.3 thousand GW. h/year of electric energy, which is equivalent to reducing the consumption of natural gas by 2.2 billion m3 of gas per year.             In Ukraine, there are more than 2 billion tons of peat, which is equivalent to replacing 660 billion m3 of gas, which used in the world as fuel and fertilizers. For the first time, the thermal technology of simultaneous processing of peat into composite fuel (by adding to the diluted humic substances of peat biomass) and humic fertilizers was developed. The license for this technology has been sold in Vietnam.             For the burning of composite and other types of large-fraction organic fuels, the Institute has created a 0.5-ton water-heating boiler with a heat capacity of 0.5 MW.  Fuel consumption per 1 Gcal is 160-240 kg/h. Water pressure 0.6 MPa. The efficiency is up to 90 %.             Compressed bed burner device was created, which can be used to create boilers and heat generators, as well as transfer boilers, furnaces, dryers, etc., working on natural gas, with the aim of replacing it with alternative fuel (coal, pellets, granules, agricultural waste). The completeness of combustion is up to 1.0. The thermal voltage of the combustion mirror is 3.0…8.0 MW/sq.m.             Energy-efficient heating technologies and equipment, which created at the Institute, can save more than 7.0 billion m3 of natural gas per year.