Оптимальний розподіл обмеженого ресурсу

• Дата: 2023
• Автори: Voronin, Albert, Savchenko, Alina
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: English
• Опубліковано: V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine 2023
• Теми: обмеження; критерії оптимальності; векторна оптимізація; розподіл ресурсу; компромісні схеми
• Онлайн доступ: https://jais.net.ua/index.php/files/article/view/117
• Назва журналу: Problems of Control and Informatics

In various subject areas, the problem arises of such a distribution of a limited resource between the elements (objects) of the system, in which the system as a whole functions in the best possible way. Often this task is solved subjectively, based on the experience and professional qualifications of the decision maker (DM). In simple cases, this approach may be justified. However, with a large number of objects and in critical cases, the price of an error in a management decision increases sharply. It becomes necessary to develop formalized decision support methods for the competent distribution of resources between objects, taking into account all given circumstances. Many of such circumstances are usually limited resources. The most common case is that the total (global) resource of the system, which is to be distributed among individual objects, is limited from above. In practical cases, restrictions are imposed not only on the global resource, but also on the partial resources allocated to individual objects. In this case, restrictions can be imposed both from below and from above. Such restrictions are either known in advance or determined by technical and economic calculations or expert assessment methods. It is necessary to distinguish between conditional restrictions (when violation of the limits is undesirable) and unconditional restrictions (when their violation is physically impossible). It is easy to see that the sum of the lower constraints for all partial resources is the lower constraint for the global resource, and the sum of the upper constraints limits the global resource from above. Considering the given set of restrictions, it is required to distribute the global resource of the system between objects in such a way that the most efficient operation of the entire system as a whole is ensured. The problem lies in the construction of an adequate objective function to optimize the process of resources allocation in conditions of their limitation. A simple uniform distribution in this case is not suitable, as it can put some objects on the verge of impossibility of their functioning, while other objects will receive an unreasonably large resource.