ПОНЯТТЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ. Частина 2. ФУНКЦІЇ НАУКОВОЇ ТЕОРІЇ

• Datum: 2025
• 1. Verfasser: Kurgaev, A.F.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: English
• Veröffentlicht: V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine 2025
• Schlagworte: функції наукової теорії; комунікативні функції; дескриптивно-прескриптивні функції; аргументативні функції; дедукція; індукція; пояснення; передбачення; розуміння; проблема; емпіричне пізнання; теоретичне пізнання; метамова; інформаційний комп’ютер
• Online Zugang: https://jais.net.ua/index.php/files/article/view/461
• Назва журналу: Problems of Control and Informatics

Any scientific theory should effectively perform a variety of information processing functions, regardless of the specifics of knowledge and the field of formalization. To achieve the global aim — maximum assistance in solving each of the infinite number of problems of the evolution of society — the information computer should be able to simulate all the functions of scientific theories, which are combined into a conceptually single system of knowledge processing, and due to this the information computer should provide the possibility to use knowledge directly in an explicit form for solving current and new problems. The meaning of communicative, descriptiveprescriptive and argumentative (deduction, induction, explanation, prediction, understanding) functions of scientific theories is clarified. The models of synthesis of various components of the structure of scientific theories are described. The objects of real world and the communicative functions of analysis and generation of language messages are enough for the organization of arbitrarily complex dialogue between a subject and real world. The descriptive-prescriptive functions are the cornerstone for cognition and transformation of reality. All facts of reality are descriptive, whereas the standards, samples, ideals and norms are estimates. The argumentation is a process of reasoning during which the arguments, opinions and conclusions are generated, that justify the assessment of truth or falsity of a statement or a theory. The selfdescription of the meta-language of normal forms of knowledge is presented. The structure of the core of the information computer, which is based on this metalanguage, is presented, comprised of the following: the meta-program compiler, two interpreters (the meta-program interpreter and the terminal program interpreter), a glossary of terms and two arrays of data (input array and output array). The process of functioning of a knowledge processing system based on an information computer is described. The information on the implementation of the layout of the information computer in the form of a personal computer supplemented with the knowledge base interpreter made on a prototyping board of Actel corporation using minimum required hardware and software support is given. Giving users the meta-language for describing application problems and the improved technology of formulating and solving problems, which realize all the features of a scientific theory, will provide extremely high growth of «soft» product reliability and programming efficiency.