Силуміни для поршнів з високим вмістом кремнію: металознавчі аспекти, особливості виробництва та перспективи: Processy litʹâ, 2019, Tom 135, №3, p.14-32

• Дата: 2019
• Автори: Сінчук, А. В., Меркулов*, О. Є.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Physical-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine 2019
• Теми: поршневий силумін; злиток; первинний кремній; технологічна пластичність; модифікування; подвійні оксидні плівки
• Онлайн доступ: https://plit-periodical.org.ua/index.php/plit/article/view/131
• Назва журналу: Casting Processes

Received 17.04.2019 UDK 621.746.6:669.715-41 The review lists requirements for piston materials of a modern high loaded engine and the chemical composition of the most common high-silicon piston aluminum alloys. They are alloys containing 16−25 % Si and additives of Cu, Mg, Ni, mainly. A brief description of the main production methods of pistons from high-silicon alloys is given, among which isothermal stamping (forging) occupies a special position. Deformability of piston siluminum undergone forging greatly depends on sizes and homogeneity of structure components, first of all, primary silicon crystals, the volume of scattered porosity, a quantity of the remaining hydrogen and silicon gravitational segregation in the ingots. The features of nucleation and growth of primary silicon crystals, which determine the level of mechanical properties, are described. A quantity and sizes of primary silicon crystals are influenced mostly with time-temperature cooling the ingots and presenсе of active isomorphic refractory particles in the melt. Methods to increase technological plasticity of ingots made from high-silicon aluminum alloys, the modifying with phosphorus-containing ligatures first of all, are analyzed. New points of view on the mechanism of heterogeneous silicon nucleation and the role of oxide inclusions, the most harmful enclosed oxide bifilms, predominantly, in the formation of the primary structure are presented. Prospects for the production of high-quality piston alloys are considered in the aspect of modifying by means of disperse Al–P and Al–Si–P ligatures and complex multi-stage refining.