3D-формовка робочої порожнини ливарної форми з сипкого піску методом вакуумного відкачування

• Date: 2023
• Main Author: Дорошенко, В. С.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Physical-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine 2023
• Subjects: 3D-формовка; ливарна форма; вакумна формовка; сипкий пісок; вакуумне відкачування; верстати з ЧПК; цифровізація виробництва; екологічний процес
• Online Access: https://plit-periodical.org.ua/index.php/plit/article/view/3d-molding-working-cavity-casting-mold-loose-sand-vacuum-pumping
• Journal Title: Casting Processes

Physico-Techological institure of Metals and Alloys of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine) UDK 621.74.02: 621.744 The disadvantage of traditional production of sand molds or rods for metal products in foundry production is the need to design and manufacture model-rod equipment, without which the method of 3D manufacturing of such molds on machines with numerical program control (CNC), which significantly reduces the duration of technological preparation. A method of forming a working cavity during V-process from loose sand, mainly on a CNC machine, has been developed by removing sand from a vacuumed half-form, which is a sand-filled crucible with two flat systems and a counter-device. This removal of sand is performed through the suction tube of the vacuum cleaner with a nozzle, while the residual air pressure at the inlet of which is maintained lower than the residual air pressure in the pores of the vacuum molding sand. This method reduces the duration of technological preparation of the ecological method of forming the cavity of the vacuum mold from loose sand, automates the process of manufacturing such molds on CNC machines and increases the flexibility of this process in the manufacture of single and small series castings. The environmental friendliness of the molding process is facilitated by the contact of the tool, as a vacuum carrier, with the vacuumed material, which eliminates any variants of dust formation. Programming and control of forming by the method of vacuum processing on a CNC machine is almost no different from that used for known 3D devices with CNC three-dimensional milling or extrusion molding. The developed method corresponds to the modern development of 3D technologies, which are part of the trend of digitalization of production, which allows to make products automatically without paper drawings from a digital model using computer programs. Variants of the method allow to diversify not only the process of 3D forming (3D molding), but also to change some properties of castings.   References  1 Rihirev M. (2020). Digital additive foundry. Additivnye tekhnologii. No. 3. Рp. 16–26. [in Russian].2 Minaev A. A., Notkin E. B., Sazonov V. A. (1984). Vacuum molding. M.: Mashinostroenie.216 р. [in Russian].3 Doroshenko V. S. (2013). Three-dimensional molding from bulk materials. Litejnoe proizvodstvo. No. 4. Рp. 8–11. [in Russian].4 Doroshenko V. S., Shinskij I. O. (2009). D technologies for gasified casting. Metall i lit'e Ukrainy. No. 4-5. Рp. 30–33. [in Russian].5 Patent 19180 of Ukraine, MPK B23Q 17/22, B23B 39/00. Vibroacoustic system for machining high-precision parts on machines. Publ. 15.12.2006, Bul. № 12. [in Ukrainian].6 Patent 71093 of Ukraine, MPK B23B 39/14, B23B 49/00. Device for installing drilling equipment and workpiece on it. Publ. 10.07.2012, Bul. № 13. [in Ukrainian].7 Patent 104962 of Ukraine, MPK A47L 9/00. The method of creating a vibrating nozzle for a vacuum cleaner. Publ. 25.03.2014, Bul. № 6. [in Ukrainian].8 Patent 77826 of Ukraine, MPK A47L 9/00. Vacuum cleaner. Publ. 15.01.2007, Bul. № 1.[in Ukrainian].9 Patent 122408 of Ukraine, MPK B22C 9/00, B22C 11/00, B29C 67/00, B33Y 30/00. Device for 3D printing of sand molds with several work boxes. Publ. 10.11.2020, Bul. № 21. [in Ukrainian].10 Patent 19180 of Ukraine, MPK E04G 21/04. Head of 3D printing of construction objects. Publ. 25.04.2017, Bul. № 8. [in Ukrainian].11 Patent 122408 of Ukraine, MPK E04G 21/04, E04G 21/20. Head of 3D printing of construction products. Publ. 25.10.2019, Bul. № 20. [in Ukrainian].12 A. s. SSSR 1063528 А, MPK B22C 9/02. A method of manufacturing casting molds by vacuum molding. Publ. 30.12.1983, Bul. № 48. [in Russian].13 Patent 122408 of Ukraine, МПК В22С 9/02. Method of 3D forming of working cavity of vacuum mold on CNC machine. Publ. 26.01.2022, Bul. № 4. [in Ukrainian].14 Doroshenko V. S., Gnatush V. A. (2017). Prospects for the development of the casting market in the context of "Industry 4.0». Lite Ukrainy. No. 6. Рp. 18–21. [in Russian].