Світові тенденції ринку вторинної переробки відходів та брухту берилію

• Дата: 2023
• Автор: Гнатуш, В. А.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Physical-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine 2023
• Теми: ринок; тенденції; берилій; відходи; брухт; екологія; менеджмент; технології
• Онлайн доступ: https://plit-periodical.org.ua/index.php/plit/article/view/svitovi-tendenciyi-rynku-vtorynnoyi-pererobky-vidhodiv-ta-bruhtu
• Назва журналу: Casting Processes

УДК 669.725/338.4 Waste and scrap metal processing is an important component of the modern economy, as natural metal resources are exhaustible. And since metals, including beryllium, are the basis of human civilization, the analysis of the global market for secondary processing of waste and beryllium scrap is relevant in the 21st century. Beryllium has been shown to be used in many industries from automobiles to satellites and nuclear reactors. During 2011-2021, the average annual production of beryllium in the world was 263 tons. The largest producers of beryllium in the world are the USA and China. At the same time, a market for beryllium waste and scrap was formed in the world. The main exporters of these goods in 2020 were Switzerland (38.9 % share) and the USA (36.2 %), and the importers were Canada (39.7 %) and Austria (38.1 %). Between 2015 and 2020, US exports of beryllium waste and scrap increased at a CAGR of 61.4 %. At the same time, the most dynamic importers of beryllium waste and scrap were Germany (CAGR 46.8 %) and the UAE (16.5 %). Attention is drawn to the environmental aspects of the processing of scrap containing beryllium. Currently, the results of the personnel survey indicate that the processingof electronic scrap using modern technologies ensures a minimal risk of exposure to beryllium when breathing. It is noted that the processing of electrical and electronic scrap requires the implementation of a certain operational management. This is especially relevant for developing countries. It is shown that the processes of pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and biometallurgy are used for the processing of electronic scrap. It is noted that biometallurgical processing of electronic waste has low operating costs, minimal volume of chemical and biological sludge, and high efficiency in wastewater detoxification compared to pyro- and hydrometallurgy processes. Information is presented on the separation of beryllium from nuclear reactor structures by using electrochemical, chemical, or thermal processes.   References 1. Beryllium Statistics and Information. National Minerals Information Center. URL: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/beryll....2. Garside M. Production of beryllium worldwide from 2011 to 2021. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/802034/production-of-beryllium-world....3. European Commission, Study on the EU’s list of Critical Raw Materials (2020), Factsheets on Critical Raw Materials. Luxembourg. 2020. 819Р.4. Lena Sundqvist Ökvist, Johan Eriksson and Xianfeng Hu. Production technologies of CRM from secondary resources. Swerea. January 2018. 186 p.5. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2022. 202 p.6. Krieg K. J. Determination under Section 303 (a) (5) of the Defense Production act for High Purity Beryllium Metal Production Program. 10.12.2005. URL: https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%20Room/Other/D...7. International Trade Centre. URL: http:/intracen.org/.8. Recycling and disposal of electronic waste. Health hazards and environmental impacts. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Report 6417. March 2011. 137p. URL: https://www.naturvardsverket.se/globalassets/media/publikationer-pdf/640....9. Toxicological Profile for Beryllium. Draft for Public Comment. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. January 2022. 298 p. URL: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp4.pdf/.