Економічні та екологічні аспекти використання гальмових колодок з чавуну чи композиційного матеріалу для залізничного транспорту

• Datum: 2023
• Hauptverfasser: Мазур, В. Л., Сіренко, К. А.
• Format: Artikel
• Sprache: Ukrainian
• Veröffentlicht: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Physical-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine 2023
• Schlagworte: ливарне виробництво; економіка; екологія; гальмові колодки; чавун; композиційний матеріал; стандартизація; удосконалення
• Online Zugang: https://plit-periodical.org.ua/index.php/plit/article/view/economic-and-environmental-aspects-use-cast-iron-or-composite-br
• Назва журналу: Casting Processes

Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine) УДК 629.4.017:62-592-11-034.13] (045) An overview of publications devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of using cast iron and composite brake pads for railway rolling stock is given. The quality indicators and operational characteristics of brake pads made by cast iron were analysed, compared to pads made of the so-called «composite» material (asbestos or asbestos-free rubber mixture), including those with cast iron inserts. It is noted that the technical conditions for composite blocks do not regulate the list and content of ingredients in the composite rubber mixture, their chemical composition. This violates the legislation of Ukraine, since the chemical composition of any products must be specifically defined in the technical conditions or in the drawings of the products. Not only its chemical composition, but also its microstructure, mechanical properties, etc., are detailed in the standards and other regulatory documentation for cast iron brake pads. The composite material (humus mixture) significantly changes its properties, in particular the coefficient of friction, under the influence of rain, snow, and low temperatures in the autumn-winter period. This requires the replacement of composite blocks with cast iron in the fall and winter, which causes additional costsfor the specified operation. A significant disadvantage of brake pads made of composite material is their low thermal conductivity compared to cast iron pads. Equipping composite pads with cast iron inserts does not save the situation. Composite brake pads damage the working surface of the wheels of vehicles to a greater extent, and this increases the operating costs of railway operators for disassembling, assembling and repairing wheel pairs together with brake pads. Composite pads, when worn during operation, pollute the environment with substances harmful to human health. Recommended recommendations for reducing the cost of cast iron blocks due to the improvement of cast iron smelting technology.   References 1. Mazur, V. L., Naidek, V. L., Popov, Ye. S. (2021). Comparison of cast-iron and composite brake pads with cast-iron inserts for rolling stock of railways. Metal and Casting of Ukraine, vol. 29, no. 2 (325), pp. 80–89, doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/ steelcast2021.02.080 [in Ukrainian].2. Neizhko, I. G., Naydek, V. L., Gavrilyuk, V. P. (2009). Railway brake pads. Kyiv: NAS of Ukraine, PTIMA NAS of Ukraine, 121 p. [in Russian].3. Popov, E. S., Shinsky, O. I. (2021). Analysis of quality indicators of brake and composite pads for railway rolling stock. Casting and metallurgy, no. 1, pp. 27–37 [in Russian].4. Yamshynskyi, M. M., Nazarenko, V. S., Kravchenko, K. O. (2015). Analysis of brake pads and ways to evaluate their promising designs. Bulletin of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, no. 1 (218), pp. 204–209 [in Ukrainian].5. Martynov, I. E., Nehvoloda, K. S. (2013). Analysis of the factors influencing efficiency of use of automatic brakes of freight cars. Collection of scientific works of UkrDAZT, issue. 139, pp. 230–235 [in Ukrainian].6. Sirenko К. A. Coefficients of friction between railway wheels and brake pads made of cast iron and composite material: a comparative analysis. Met. lit'e Ukr., 2022. Vol. 30. № 1 (328), рр. 91–101 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/steelcast2022.01.091.7. Mazur V. L., Naidek V. L., Popov E. S. Characteristics of chavunny and composite galm blocks for a dry warehouse in Ukraine / Proceedings of the XVII International Scientific and Practical Conference (May 18–20, 2021, Zaporizhzhya). Zaporozhye. AA Tandem, pp. 118–122 [in Russian].8. Shafran, L. M. Toxicological-hygienic and Ecological Aspects of Safety of Rolling Stock Braking Systems of Railway Transport. 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