ТРАЛОВИЙ ПРОМИСЕЛ ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА ДОННІ БІОЦЕНОЗИ ЧОРНОГО МОРЯ

• Date: 2023
• Main Author: Болтачев, О. Р.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Marine Ecological Journal 2023
• Subjects: донні траління; біоценози мідії та фазеоліни; замулення; деградація угруповань; Чорне море
• Online Access: https://mej.od.ua/index.php/mej/article/view/537
• Journal Title: Marine Ecological Journal

The results of analysis of the trawl fishery, tactics of the Black sea sprat catching tactics with pelagic trawls and of visual bottom observations with the help of TV –robot and divers at the Crimean shelf have been represented. It has been stated, that in spite of prohibition, at the day time they catch sprat with pelagic trawls in the bottom variant. The belt biocenoses of mussel and faseoline to the great extent suffered for thirty years of trawling fishery, which was reflected negatively at the structural and functional characteristics of all coastal ecosystem. As a result of shortening of the macrobenthos animals – filtrators numerical indices, obviously, the level of natural biological water purification and importance of the macrobenthic communities as an important link in the ecosystem trophic chain decreased considerably; biocenoses of mussels and faseoline lost their being suitable for fasting and wintering of the demersal fish species. It is necessary to conduct urgently complex hydrobiological investigations of the Crimean shelf with the purpose to undertake effective actions on restoration of the coastal ecosystem. As the first line measures, it is necessary to widen the squares of the coastal sectors, closed for trawling, and simultaneously to widen fishing region at the account of taking away formal limitations for works in the neutral waters. To create a system of rehabilitation of the coastal biocenoses, including construction of reefs, modules of environment biological purification and mariculture farms.