РОЛЬ ПОРТІВ І СУДНОПЛАВСТВА У ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ МОРСЬКИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ

• Дата: 2023
• Автори: Виноградов, О.К., Богатова, Ю.І., Синегуб, І.А.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: Marine Ecological Journal 2023
• Теми: порти; судно; судноплавні шляхи; види-вселенці; трансформація екосистем
• Онлайн доступ: https://mej.od.ua/index.php/mej/article/view/57
• Назва журналу: Marine Ecological Journal

All marine ports (MP) are specific ecosystems, comprising diverse combinations of natural and artificial components. Three more or less autonomous subsystems are distinguished in MPs: pelagial, periphytal and benthal, with the pelagial uniting them into a single port ecosystem. In spite of the individual differences among MPs, all of them are constructed and function in conditions of reduced hydrodynamics and water exchange. Furthermore, owing to the artificial increase in depths, the possibility for vertical stratification of water masses and stable picnocline formation appear in MPs.In MPs ecosystems, the presence of numerous permanent (hydrotechnical structures) and temporary, mobile (ships’ hulls, various garbage) hard substrata increases biological production. Various types of suspend material, organic matter and biogenic elements accumulate in MPs aquatories because of the reduced general hydrodynamics. In MPs the lateral surfaces of hydrotechnical structures function as artificial reefs and resemble, in many respects, a vertically placed bottom.In MPs ecosystems is observed the connection between the main biotopes and different types of water masses movement. From time to time, the rise up of hydrogen sulphide in enclosed MPs aquatories significantly reduces the water volume suitable for the survival of plankton, nekton and periphyton.Marine ports ecosystems, construction and exploitation of shipping ways connecting various basins and transfer of hydrobionts on ships’ external parts and in ballast tanks have the most influence on the variability of the local marine biota. Owing to the presence of numerous artificial hard substrata, marine ports provide shelter for numerous native species and are a source of larvae for adjacent aquatories. The exchange of species between fouling of ships’ hulls and hydrotechnical structures takes place in marine ports. Many alien species initially settle in aquatories of marine ports and in neighbouring ecosystems.