ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СУЧАСНОГО ГІДРОЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО РЕЖИМУ ХАДЖИБЕЙСЬКОГО ЛИМАНУ В УМОВАХ ЗМІНИ КЛІМАТУ ТА АНТРОПОГЕННИХ НАВАНТАЖЕНЬ

• Дата: 2025
• Автори: Тучковенко, Ю.С., Богатова, Ю.І., Гаркуша, О.П., Мартинюк, М.О., Дядичко, В.Г., Варігін, О.Ю., Бушуєв, С.Г., Демченко, В.О.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Marine Ecological Journal 2025
• Теми: Хаджибейський лиман; вплив чинників; гідрологічний; гідрохімічний режими; гідробіологічні показники; фітопланктон; зоопланктон; зообентос; іхтіофауна; рибопродуктивність
• Онлайн доступ: https://mej.od.ua/index.php/mej/article/view/718
• Назва журналу: Marine Ecological Journal

The article provides a description of the hydroecological regime of the Khadzhibey Estuary based on the results of the analysis of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological data obtained during field research in 2021–2024 and archival data. Field research was carried out at 13 coastal stations from the upper reaches of the estuary (Shemetove village) to its lower part (Usatove village). During the specified period, an analysis of the variability of the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the estuary waters, as well as the biotic components of the ecosystem: phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, ichthyofauna, was performed. Changes in the components of the freshwater balance of the estuary that occurred were determined. It was established that the features of the specified period were determined primarily by the cessation of the flow of return waters to the estuary from the biological wastewater treatment plant “Pivnichna» of the Odesa city. In combination with arid meteorological conditions, this led to a decrease in the average annual water level in the estuary by one meter. The consequences of this for the estuary ecosystem are indicated: deterioration of water quality due to an increase in the concentration of mineral forms of biogenic substances in the waters of the estuary to values that constantly significantly exceeded the maximum permissible values established for water bodies for fishery purposes; an increase in the role of mass exchange with bottom sediments in the formation of hydroecological conditions in the estuary; an increase in phytoplankton biomass in 2023–2024; a steady decrease in the abundance and biomass of zooplankton; deterioration of conditions for the survival and development of juvenile pilengas as the main object of fishing in the reservoir; increase in the average salinity of the water area from 5.93 to 7.35‰, which does not meet the conditions for significant reproduction of freshwater fish species (silver carp, grass carp, carp, silver crucian carp), but does not prevent their successful feeding and weight gain in the case of artificial stocking; promotion of large-scale suffocation, due to a deficiency of dissolved oxygen in the water, the death of fish, shrimp and other aquatic organisms. It is noted that due to the lack of a runoff Svinna River and artificially limited water exchange with the main part of the estuary, the water quality in the Palievsky Bay is significantly worse than in the estuary. In particular, the salinity of the water in October 2024 reached 107‰. To improve the hydroecological conditions in the bay, it is recommended to improve its water exchange with the adjacent part of the Khadzhibey Estuary by clearing the shandors, channels in the dams, reducing the number of rapids in them, expanding the openings, and their timely and regular maintenance.