ПІДХОДИ ДО КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ТА ОЦІНКИ ВПЛИВУ ВОЄННИХ ЧИННИКІВ НА МОРСЬКІ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ УКРАЇНИ

• Дата: 2026
• Автор: Демченко, В.О.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Українська
• Опубліковано: Marine Ecological Journal 2026
• Теми: воєнні дії; морські екосистеми; прямі та опосередковані впливи; класифікація воєнних впливів; оцінка
• Онлайн доступ: https://mej.od.ua/index.php/mej/article/view/726
• Назва журналу: Marine Ecological Journal

The article examines approaches to the classification and assessment of the impacts of military factors on the marine ecosystems of Ukraine under conditions of the full-scale invasion by Russia. It is demonstrated that the war causes a comprehensive negative impact on the environment, including the destruction of habitats, pollution of the marine environment, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of ecosystem processes. At the same time, existing scientific approaches to assessing such impacts remain fragmented and insufficiently adapted to the specifics of marine ecosystems, which are characterized by high dynamism and complex processes of matter and energy transfer. The study is based on scientific publications, open-access databases, information platforms, and Earth remote sensing data, supplemented by field observations in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. Based on a systemic approach and analysis, a classification of military impacts is proposed, which envisages their division into direct and indirect categories with further detailing by types and mechanisms of action. It is determined that direct impacts are associated with immediate physical, chemical, and acoustic pressures, while indirect impacts are delayed and cumulative in nature, manifesting through secondary pollution, changes in natural resource use, and weakening of environmental control. A stepwise approach to impact assessment is proposed, including the collection of baseline data, classification of factors, and ranking of marine areas by pressure levels using a scoring scale. This approach enables the transition from qualitative description to quantitative assessment, ensures comparability of results, and allows the identification of the most vulnerable areas. The obtained results can be used to improve environmental monitoring systems, assess environmental damage, and develop scientifically grounded measures for the restoration of Ukraine’s marine ecosystems.