Використання високотемпературних ядерних реакторів для енерготехнології

• Дата: 2024
• Автори: Dubkovskyi, V., Szegeda, V., Dobronos, Ye.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety 2024
• Онлайн доступ: https://nuclear-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1122
• Назва журналу: Nuclear and Radiation Safety

The possibility of using high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors (HTGR) for the production of not only electrical energy, but also for providing high-potential thermal energy for other (non-electric) technologies will allow to significantly expand the use of nuclear energy and reduce the consumption of organic fuels and, accordingly, reduce the technology-related burden on the environment. The article examines the possibilities of using HTGR in nuclear power technological installations (NPTI), which produce both electrical energy and provide high-potential thermal energy for the conversion processes of fossil fuels – natural gas and coal; production of hydrogen, synthetic gases and reducing gas for ferrous metallurgy. The areas and issues of using HTGR in non-electrical technologies have been determined. The thermal and technological research of NPTI includes, firstly, the selection of chemical and technological processes implemented in relevant schemes, such as steam conversion of natural gas, gasification of solid fuel with water vapor or carbon dioxide, recovery of iron from ore according to various schemes, pre-conversion of carbon monoxide into synthesis – gases and others; secondly, the determination of connections between technological and energy characteristics of the processes; thirdly, the development of criteria that assess the efficiency of installations and, based on them, the selection of rational technological processes, the most profitable parameters of the schemes and optimal technological and energy parameters of the processes; optimal design and overall characteristics of the equipment. The tasks of NPTI thermal and technological research have been defined. The principal technological diagram of NPTI for the production of hydrogen by steam conversion of natural gas and for the production of hydrogen and electricity has been presented. The calculation results for the above technological diagrams have been presented with determining the possible saving of fossil organic fuel.