Науковий супровід довготривалої підтримки проєктних параметрів газодинамічного стану Нового безпечного конфайнмента Чорнобильської АЕС

• Дата: 2025
• Автори: Havrylko, Ye., Krukovskyi, P., Savko, V., Starovit, I., Hurov, D.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety 2025
• Онлайн доступ: https://nuclear-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1292
• Назва журналу: Nuclear and Radiation Safety

The article addresses scientific, technical, and methodological aspects of long-term maintaining the design gas-dynamic parameters for the Shelter New Safe Confinement (NSC) at the Chornobyl NPP based on advanced physical and mathematical modeling and digital twin concept. The key parameters defined by the design documentation as critical for the environmental safety of the facility are presented, with special attention given to the need to control pressure differentials between the internal NSC compartments and the environment. The paper analyzes shortcomings of the existing NSC ventilation system, highlighting insufficient spatial coverage of the monitoring system, reliance on daily averaged monitored parameters, and the lack of instantaneous automated adaptation of ventilation unit capacity to changing external conditions. It is shown that these factors can lead to unorganized (uncontrolled) air exchange between the NSC and the environment, increased energy consumption for ventilation, and heightened risk of radiological contamination, particularly during the periods of dismantling unstable structures. Approaches to physical and mathematical modeling of the NSC hydraulic state are described, including lumped-parameter and CFD models. A numerical experiment is presented that shows the advantages of the optimal ventilation control algorithm over the traditional regulatory approach: optimal control completely eliminates unorganized air leakage through gaps beneath the NSC walls, thereby enhancing the facility's environmental reliability even under adverse external conditions (high wind speeds and constantly changing wind direction). The article also describes the implementation of a digital twin prototype for the NSC, which integrates mathematical models, operational monitoring data, and a special simulator for testing and optimizing algorithms. A block diagram is proposed for the cyclic real-time updating of digital twin parameters (particularly, leakage areas) based on the comparison of calculated and actual data. It is demonstrated that the use of a digital twin enables continuous scientific support for the facility, timely response to emergencies, forecasting, and maintenance of design parameters throughout the entire operational period.