Кримінологічний аналіз злочинів у сфері ядерної та радіаційної безпеки

• Дата: 2024
• Автори: Turlova, Yu., Ternavska, А., Kozliuk, L., Nersesian, А., Polishchuk, S.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety 2024
• Онлайн доступ: https://nuclear-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/768
• Назва журналу: Nuclear and Radiation Safety

The purpose of this article is to make a long-term analysis of the situation with nuclear and radiation safety crimes based on official statistical sources, and to calculate the relevant criminological indicators reflecting the rate, dynamics and structure of such crimes in Ukraine during 2002-2022. The author determined the total number of the recorded crimes falling into the category under study (821 crimes) and their average annual number (39 crimes), as well as their average share in the overall structure of crime (0.009 %). The author also calculated the average growth rate of nuclear and radiation safety crimes (1.8 %). With the use of a 6th degree polynomial function, the trend is constructed to describe the dynamics of the crimes under study. The chosen model reflects the process development trend with reasonable accuracy (determination coefficient R2 = 0.8517) and allows identifying wave-like changes in the number of recorded crimes against the general slow trend towards their growth. Based on the structural analysis of nuclear and radiation safety crimes in Ukraine, the share of each particular type of these crimes in the overall crime structure is determined. The author has found that the most common crimes in this category are incompliance with the radiation safety regime requirements (Article 2671 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) – 56.8 %; illegal handling of radioactive materials (Article 265 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) – 29.4 %; and violation of the rules for handling explosives, flammable and caustic substances or radioactive materials (Article 267 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) – 12.3 %. Other types of crimes within the category under study, namely illegal manufacture of a nuclear explosive device or a device dispersing radioactive material or emitting radiation (Article 2651 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and violation of nuclear or radiation safety rules (Article 274 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) were identified in isolated cases. The scientific novelty of the obtained findings is that this paper makes a criminological analysis of nuclear and radiation safety crimes as a separate type of crime for the first time. Relying on her comprehension of the essence of this category of crimes, the author calculated the relevant indicators and offered a description and criminological interpretation of the situation with the crimes under study over a 21-year period. The analysis made is of standalone significance for academic research and law enforcement activities, it creates an appropriate basis for information support of counteraction to these crimes, primarily, for a clear understanding of the current situation with this phenomenon and, besides, it is a prerequisite for developing an appropriate system of specified crime prevention measures.