Термінологічні аспекти опису стратегій зняття з експлуатації АЕС

• Main Authors: Malynovska, Yu., Yesypenko, Yu., Petrenko, O., Kovalchuk, V., Ved, O.
• Format: Article
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety 2022
• Online Access: https://nuclear-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/974

The paper presents terminological review of decommissioning strategies and stages for nuclear facilities. The relevance of activities in this area is determined by the importance of proper arrangements to ensure safe decommissioning of nuclear facilities both in Ukraine and worldwide and by the need to promote unique and unambiguous understanding of the decommissioning concepts, strategies, and stages. The review was carried out through comparison of definitions and descriptions provided in the Ukrainian regulation “General Safety Provisions for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities”, enforced on 15 January 2021, and in a series of IAEA publications and US NRC regulatory guidance focusing on the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Immediate dismantling and deferred dismantling are most acceptable decommissioning strategies for nuclear facilities. The entombment concept did not find wide application and was regarded as the third option in earlier IAEA publications and is present in US NRC regulations. However, in accordance with IAEA recommendations, entombment is not currently considered an acceptable option in the event of planned permanent shutdown and can be a solution only in exceptional cases (for example, a severe accident). The deferred decommissioning option is described in the Ukrainian regulation “General Safety Provisions for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities” with division into three separate stages. The IAEA publications and US NRC regulations cover these stages implicitly by general description of the strategy (deferred dismantling, safe enclosure, or SAFSTOR), and further terminological studies are needed upon consultation with the experts in the area.