Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі
The paper shows the composition o f landscape parks founded in the 19th century in Silesia, the southern region o f Poland. There were chosen three examples o f parks representing different forms. All o f them are residential, manorial or palace gardens. These types are the most popular. Their brief...
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 2000 |
|---|---|
| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2000
|
| Online Zugang: | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1335 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Plant Introduction |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Institution
Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860144861739483136 |
|---|---|
| author | Rostanski, K.M. |
| author_facet | Rostanski, K.M. |
| author_sort | Rostanski, K.M. |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2019-11-11T08:00:42Z |
| description | The paper shows the composition o f landscape parks founded in the 19th century in Silesia, the southern region o f Poland. There were chosen three examples o f parks representing different forms. All o f them are residential, manorial or palace gardens. These types are the most popular. Their brief history is under discussion since the composition elements and changes go back to the beginning o f the 20th century. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5281/zenodo.3336548 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:51:20Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Біологічні основи
зеленого будівництва
УДК 712.4(438)
COMPOSITION OF THE CHOSEN
LANDSCAPE PARKS OF THE 19th CENTURY
IN SILESIA REGION OF POLAND
K.M. ROSTANSKI
Department of Architectural and Urban Design,
Faculty of Architecture, Silesian Technical University
Poland, 44-100 Gliwice, 7 Akademicka St.
The paper shows the composition o f landscape parks founded in the 19th century in Silesia, the southern region
o f Poland. There were chosen three examples o f parks representing different forms. All o f them are residential,
manorial o r palace gardens. These types are the most popular. Their brief history is under discussion since the
composition elements and changes go back to the beginning o f the 20th century.
When telling about the composition of Silesian
parks one should first of all discuss their gene
ral forms, functions and origin of adapted styles.
Forms o f the 19th century parks in S ile
sia. Three types of composition dominated
there. The landscape parks with the motives of
natural origin closely connected with the envi
ronment, with sight axes and water system
belong to the first type. The second type parks
are of calligraphic configuration with domina
ting role of through alleys and paths interpe
netrating with water elements. Such elements
as hills, little bridges and various pavillions
were very important. In the 19th century the
complicated forms began gradually change for
simple circular forms. Most small parks have
such kind of composition. The third type park
sare romantic, inspired by nostalgia for the by
gone times, using historical forms of archi
tecture, neo-styles and picturesque groups of
plants, hills and water elements. Of course
these types of composition are very often mi
xed together and it is difficult to decide which
type is represented by a certain park.
Function o f the 19th century parks in
Silesia. When discussing the function of the
© K.M. ROSTANSKI, 2000
19th century parks it is important to mention
four types. The first type parks are the large-
scale objects. They connected a palace, which
played the leading part, with a lot of different
manors, farms, industrial objects, engineering
facilities, etc. Most of them were designed at
the same time and had a common road sys
tem, water system relative to view axes, be
ing the structure of the integral composition
filled with forests and fields. There are three
such large-scale objects in Silesia: Dominion
of Pszczyna (Pless Dominion), Dominion of
Donnersmarck and Latifundium of Rudy (Rau-
den Latifundium).
The second type parks are connected with
palaces, manors and residences. Being rather
limited in size, they were places of rest for
their owners. The amount of small architectural
forms as well as the diversity of plants depen
ded on the owner's prospetiry. These parks
are the very point of this paper.
The third type parks are health resort parks
of rest character, having special facilities and
being closely connected with a sanatorium
building. With development of industry some of
these parks lost their function like Jastrz^bie
Zdroj and became the city parks, some of
60 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин. 2000, Ns 1
Com position o f the Chosen Landscape P arks o f the 19th Century in S ilesia reg ion o f Poland
them possess their own character and function
even now like Goczafkowice Zdroj.
The city parks belong to the fourth type.
They were founded early in the 19th century
for all citizens of a town or for inhabitants of
housing estate, they could also belong to an
industrial enterprise. Some of them were
founded in the enterprise territory. When cre
ating these parks, the owners pursued the aim
to make them the recreation and entertain
ment objects for citizens or workers. That was
the policy of factory owners, since good living
conditions helped them to attract good spe
cialists and keep them long.
Origin o f park sty les in Silesia. Silesia has
special character as a border region, divided
for over hundreds of years between Russia,
Austria and Germany. The region citizens were
mostly Poles by birth but almost all factory
owners were Germans. There were Czech and
Hungarian influences too. Styles of the largest
parks are referred to English or French mo
dels. The smaller parks took German or Aust
rian models. Austrian models were especially
popular in the part governed by Russia.
Three parks were chosen as the objects of
our research.
Park in Przyszowice. The oldest tree in the
park, being about 250 years old, has remained
from the period shown on the map compiled in
1736. Then the park owners were the Schi-
mowski family (1734—1760 and 1791—1800),
Werner family (1760—1791) and von Larisch
(1800—1803). There was a manor during that
time in Przyszowice. To the east of it there was
a stream and behind it a big pond situated on
the most part of the park territory. This pond
was called “Schloss Teich” on the map of 1827.
The stream ran northwards to the mill and a
pond nearby. The ornamental park was spread
northwards of the manor along the stream.
North-west direction axis lead from the manor
through a little pond and a courtyard to the
church and then, dividing symmetrically the
village, ended near the last houses nearby
windmill. Place of that manor is occupied now
by a later manor, a church and two roads of
this composition are still clearly visible in the vil
lage. Von Larisch sold Przyszowice to Franz Galli,
a merchant from Gliwice. Galli gave it to his
daughter Kathy and her husband Carl von Rac-
zek. The village was their family property till 1927.
When analysing the age of the park trees it
is possible to state that a big pond was liqui
dated there in 1860. After that there was
founded the first landscape park with the area
of about 10 ha. It is shown on the map of
1880. To the south and to the north of the
manor, called then the “Schloss” (a castle),
there were two courtyards surrounded by farm
buildings. To the north of the castle there was
the ornamental garden with a green-house.
The composition axis joined the castle with the
church and the rest of the village. One can see
on the map two buildings in the mill neigh
bourhood. There lived a land-steward. The road
system was not complicated. The main path
lead through the park from the castle to the
north-east, joining the outer road. The most
interesting is the composition of trees in a
form of a great spiral. It had to be very difficult
to notice this shape from the ground. Main
tained trees of that period are typical of native
flora. The view axes were mainly opened from
the park to the south-east, east and north. The
park preserved such a form probably until the
rebuilding of the castle in 1890. This composi
tion elements allow stating that the mentioned
park was of landscape-natural type.
After 1890 the road system was changed
but most of new trees were planted between
1910 and 1930. This time already belongs to
the 20th century and is out of our interest.
Park in Leszczyny. Leszczyny was a pro
perty of Laszowski family from 1701 up to the
twenties of the 19th century. We do not know
much about the composition of the park in that
period. In the 30's and 40's of the 20th cen
tury the manor belonged to von Goertz. Age
analysis of trees shows clear composition of
this period. Trees, oaks, sycamore trees and
elms formed two circles. The first one is big,
with a diameter of about 70 m, the second cir
cle is small with a diameter of about 30 m,
joins the big one. The old oak is still preserved
in the centre of the small circle. To the west
of the circles there were a stream and a pond.
It is difficult to tell which of the buildings
shown on the map of 1882, is that mentioned
in history as a wooden manor, which burned
ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин. 2000, № 1 61
К .M. Rostanski
down in 1895. There is no doubt that this
manor was one of three buildings which stood
near the southern part of the line of the trees
forming the big circle. The manor could be
that one, located on the axis of the road lea
ding from the south. There were other buil
dings — stable, barn and some farm buildings
around the cross-road to the north of that cir
cle. It is impossible to say how the paths in the
first half of the 20th century looked like. The
circle of trees of that age enables to state that
the park had a calligraphic style. Its area was
about 2 ha.
There were three different owners in the
manor for some years till 1865 when the
manor was bought by Konrad Bartelt. He was
being the owner up to the beginning of the
20th century. In 1882-83 a new palace was
built in the centre of the big circle. This situa
tion is shown on the map of 1882. To the
south of the palace there were three buildings
forming together a courtyard. The road from
there was leading to the west. During that pe
riod such trees as oaks, maples, sycamores,
limetree and elm were planted which comp
leted the shape of the circles and formed ano
ther circle between the palace and a group
of buildings around the courtyard. Near the
entrance and the terrace Acer platanoides
‘Schwedleri’ was planted. On the east entran
ce axis there was planted Tilia cordata. Some
kind of pedestal, probably used to stand cut
flowers on it, stood in front of that entrance.
On the axis on the other side Acer pseudop-
latanus ‘Purpureum’ was planted. There was a
small circle behind it. An erratic boulder is ly
ing near the old oak in its centre now. In the
place of the third circle there are other two
boulders and three Ionic half-columns — ro
mantic attributes, probably from the 19th cen
tury. The courtyard has lost its function after a
fire, which destroyed the buildings in about
1895. There is no interpretation of the role of
the axis leading from the palace to the north.
There could be located an old ornamental gar
den or an alley. A conception of an ornamental
garden does not fit to stable and barn distri
buted there. Probably it could be there before
those buildings were built and probably led
from the north to the wooden manor. All we
can say in conclusion is that the Leszczyny
park composition during the whole 19th cen
tury kept calligraphic style.
Park in Prom nice. Promnice is a part of
the large-scale object: Dominion of Pszczyna
(Pless Dominion). The history of Pszczyna
goes back to the 10th century. The owners of
Pszczyna were Poles, Czechs, Hungarians and
Germans by birth. The territory which belonged
to the dominion had a status of the duchy. The
name of Promnice comes from Promnic fami
ly — the owners between 1548 and 1765. Next
owners were Anhalt family. Friedrich Erdmann
von Anhalt built a dam on the Gostynka river in
1796, thus the Paprocanskie lake came into
being. In 1847 Heinrich von Anhalt gave the
estate his nephew Johann Heinrich XI Hoch-
berg. The estate belonged to the family of
Hochberg until the thirties of the 19th century.
The Hunting Castle in Promnice was built in
1861. It was designed by Olivier Pavelt in Nei-
Gothic style. The Hunting Castle was the hun
ting manor for the duke and his friends. Visi
tors of the castle were tsar Alexander, the em
peror of Austria and the king of Prussia. The
castle was founded on a little hill near the Pap
rocanskie lake bank. There were four periods
of the history of its surrounding. The first one
is connected with the specific hunting function.
In that period the castle stood among the
group of oaks. There was a zone free of trees
between that group and the forest border.
That enabled admiring its romantic form and
secured good view from the castle to observe
wild animals. During that time there were only
native trees there. Near the castle behind an
elm line there were built a stable, a barn and a
forester’s lodge, all in Neo-Gothic style. The
area of that surrounding was about 2 ha. The
second period, when Princess Daisy lived in
the castle, brought the lime alley. Then, Tsuga
canadensis was planted near the cross-road.
Other changes appeared already in the 19th
century, when the family of Hochberg von
Pless decided to plant there more introduced
trees. A picturesque castle, other buildings
and surroundings manifest romanic character
of the residence and the park around.
Thus, the three chosen parks represent
three basic styles typical of Silesian landscape
62 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин. 2000, Ns 1
Вплив ф ізіологічно активних речовин ауксинової природи на ризогенну активність живців
design in the 19th century. They are the parks
of the temperate area. The main buildings in a
form of a palace, manor and residence show
all forms present in Silesia. In spite of some
elements their style types are clearly readable
and representative. The given work shows the
method of analysis of the park historical value.
Having this information we can decide which
period brings the highest value and what ele
ments we have to preserve.
Submitted 20.03.2000
СКЛАД ДЕЯКИХ ЛАНДШАФТНИХ
ПАРКІВ СИЛЕЗІЇ, ЗАСНОВАНИХ У XIX сторіччі
К.М. Ростанськи
Відділ архітектурного і міського дизайну,
Факультет архітектури, Технічний університет СилезіІ,
Польща, Глівіце
Показано склад ландшафтних парків, заснованих у
XIX ст. у Силезії (південний регіон Польщі). Досліджено
три найпопулярніші типи парків, що представляють різ
ні форми, проте є резидентними, маноріальними або
палацовими садами. Обговорюється коротка хронологія
парків з позицій їх елементного складу та змін, які ви
никли на початку XX ст.
СОСТАВ НЕКОТОРЫХ
ЛАНДШАФТНЫХ ПАРКОВ СИЛЕЗИИ,
ОСНОВАННЫХ В XIX веке
К.М. Ростански
Отдел архитектурного и городского дизайна,
Факультет архитектуры,
Технический университет Силезии,
Польша, Гливице
Показан состав ландшафтных парков, основанных в
XIX в. в Силезии (южный регион Польши). Исследованы
три наиболее популярных типа парков, представляю
щих различные формы, однако являющихся резидент
ными, манориальными или дворцовыми садами. Об
суждается краткая хронология парков с позиций их
элементного состава и изменений, возникших к нача
лу XX в.
УДК 631.811.98: 634.1:631,535
ВПЛИВ ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНО АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН
АУКСИНОВОЇ ПРИРОДИ НА РИЗОГЕННУ АКТИВНІСТЬ
СТЕБЛОВИХ ЖИВЦІВ LONICERA EDULIS TURCZ.
I C0RNUS MAS L.
0.А, БАЛАБАК Л.Г. ВАРЛАЩЕНК0!
1 Дендрологічний парк “Софіївка” НАН України
Україна, 20300 Умань, вул. Київська, 12а
2 Уманська сільськогосподарська академія
Україна, 20300 Умань, п/в Софіївка, 5
Наведено результати вивчення впливу фізіологічно активних речовин ауксинової природи на регенераційну
здатність стеблових живців Lonicera edulis Turcz. і Cornus mas L. Встановлено, що ризогенна активність у
живців залежить від впливу фізіологічно активних речовин ауксинової природи, їх метамерності, строків жи
вцювання і умов укорінювання.
Особливий інтерес для впровадження у ви
робництво викликають такі садові культури,
як жимолость їстівна (Lonicera edulis Turcz.)
та дерен звичайний (Cornus mas L.). Ці рос
лини являють собою джерела вітамінів, пло-
© О.А. БАЛАБАК, Л.Г. ВАРЛАЩЕНКО, 2000
ди мають в собі цінні лікувальні біологічно
активні властивості, чим заслуговують на
широке розповсюдження [3, 4, 7].
Прискоренню вирощування саджанців жи
молості та дерену значною мірою сприяє ко
реневласне розмноження стебловими жив
цями, що основано на репродуктивній ре
ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин. 2000, № 1 63
|
| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1335 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:51:20Z |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/eb/15857688e806253fedf691c21fca41eb.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-13352019-11-11T08:00:42Z Composition of the chosen landscape parks of the 19th century in Silesia region of Poland Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі Rostanski, K.M. The paper shows the composition o f landscape parks founded in the 19th century in Silesia, the southern region o f Poland. There were chosen three examples o f parks representing different forms. All o f them are residential, manorial or palace gardens. These types are the most popular. Their brief history is under discussion since the composition elements and changes go back to the beginning o f the 20th century. Показано склад ландшафтних парків, заснованих у XIX ст. у Силезії (південний регіон Польщі). Досліджено три найпопулярніші типи парків, що представляють різні форми, проте є резидентними, маноріальними або палацовими садами. Обговорюється коротка хронологія парків з позицій їх елементного складу та змін, які виникли на початку XX ст. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2000-03-01 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1335 10.5281/zenodo.3336548 Plant Introduction; Vol 5 (2000); 60-63 Інтродукція Рослин; Том 5 (2000); 60-63 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.5281/zenodo.3377889 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1335/1287 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Rostanski, K.M. Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі |
| title | Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі |
| title_alt | Composition of the chosen landscape parks of the 19th century in Silesia region of Poland |
| title_full | Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі |
| title_fullStr | Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі |
| title_full_unstemmed | Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі |
| title_short | Склад деяких ландшафтних парків Силезії, заснованих у XIX сторіччі |
| title_sort | склад деяких ландшафтних парків силезії, заснованих у xix сторіччі |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1335 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rostanskikm compositionofthechosenlandscapeparksofthe19thcenturyinsilesiaregionofpoland AT rostanskikm skladdeâkihlandšaftnihparkívsilezíízasnovanihuxixstoríččí |